JPH022100B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH022100B2
JPH022100B2 JP13341083A JP13341083A JPH022100B2 JP H022100 B2 JPH022100 B2 JP H022100B2 JP 13341083 A JP13341083 A JP 13341083A JP 13341083 A JP13341083 A JP 13341083A JP H022100 B2 JPH022100 B2 JP H022100B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
gas
sensor
cdo
sensitivity
added
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP13341083A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS6024442A (en
Inventor
Masayuki Sakai
Yoshihiko Nakatani
Yoshiko Muneno
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP58133410A priority Critical patent/JPS6024442A/en
Publication of JPS6024442A publication Critical patent/JPS6024442A/en
Publication of JPH022100B2 publication Critical patent/JPH022100B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/12Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

産業上の利用分野 本発明は可燃性ガスの検知に使用する複合金属
酸化物半導体を用いたCOセンサに関するもので
ある。 従来例の構成とその問題点 近年、可燃性ガスの検知素子材料について種々
の研究開発が活発化してきている。これは、一般
家庭を中心に各種工場などで可燃性ガスによる爆
発事故や中毒事故が多発し、大きな社会問題とな
つていることに強く起因している。特にこれらの
中でも、プロパンガス、あるいは都市ガスを検知
するものについては、感度、信頼性のいずれにお
いてもかなり高いレベルのものが開発され実用化
されるに至つている。これらは、例えば各種のガ
ス漏れ警報器などに広く応用されている。 一方、いまひとつのガス防災の社会ニーズとし
て、COの検知が話題になつてきている。これは
種々のガス機器の普及と住宅構造の気密化が大き
な背景となつている。すなわち、ガス器具の不完
全燃焼あるいは火災の初期に新建材などから発生
するCOによる中毒の問題である。特に後者にお
いては、火災による死因の大部分がこれに属する
ため、極めて重要な社会問題となつている。とこ
ろが現在の時点においては、COを的確に検知出
来る安価で簡便なガスセンサがないのが実状であ
り、前述の社会ニーズに十分応えていない状況に
ある。その理由は、一般的な可燃性ガスを対象と
したセンサの場合には検知されるべき可燃性ガス
の濃度が爆発下限界の数分の1以上という程度で
あるのに対して、CO用センサの場合には極めて
微量のCOを検知せねばならないことによる。す
なわち、他の可燃性ガス用センサの場合にはガス
爆発を防ぐのが目的であるのに対して、CO用セ
ンサの場合には、CO中毒の予防が主目的であり、
その量は爆発下限界に比べると極めて微量な値の
検知を対象としなければならないことによる。 低価格で高い信頼性をもつ可燃性ガスセンサに
おいては高温に保持された酸化物半導体がしばし
ば用いられ、その抵抗値変化を検知する様にして
いる。この酸化物半導体にはCOに高感度で、あ
るいは選択的に感応する物質も幾種類か見出され
ているが、残念ながら信頼性の面で未だ十分なセ
ンサが得られていないのが現状である。 発明の目的 本発明はこのような状況に鑑みてなされたもの
で、COに高感度でかつ信頼性の高いCOセンサを
実現するものである。 発明の構成 本発明は酸化カドミウム(CdO)をガス感応体
として用いたガス検知素子において、これに対す
る添加物の効果について検討している中で見出さ
れたものである。 すなわち、本発明のCOセンサはCdOに対して
AuをAuに換算して0.1〜10重量%添加したもの
をガス感応体として用いたものであり、これによ
り、ガス感応特性とその信頼性が飛躍的に向上
し、しかも先述の微少量のCOに対しても実用上
十分大きな感度を実現し得ることを見出したこと
によつてなされたものである。 実施例の説明 以下に本発明の実施例を説明する。 まず実施例1においては、市販のCdOを用い、
これに対するAuの添加量効果について述べる。 実施例 1 市販の酸化カドミウム(CdO)に、市販の塩化
金酸(HAuCl4・4H2O)を水に溶かしてこの濃
度が100mg/mlになるように調製した溶液を第1
表中に示したようにそれぞれ添加した。そしてそ
れぞれの粉体をらいかい機で3時間乾式混合し
た。この粉体に2本の白金線を埋め込んで、直径
2mm、高さ3mmの円柱状に加圧成型し、空気中に
おいて750℃で1時間の焼成を行なつた。得られ
た多孔質の焼結体を検知素子用ヘツダーにとりつ
け、焼結体のまわりにコイル状のヒータを配置
し、防爆用のステンレス鋼網をかぶせてCOセン
サを得た。 第1図はCOセンサの構造を示したものである。
図において、1は焼結体で、2本の白金線からな
る電極3,4が埋め込まれている。2は焼結体1
を加熱するためのヒータで、ヒータ用ピン11,
12からヒータ用フレーム7,8を通じてヒータ
に電力が供給される。焼結体1の抵抗は電極3,
4からフレーム5,6を通してピン9,10の間
で測定されるように構成されている。ヒータ用ピ
ン11,12およびピン9,10はヘツダー13
に固定され、ステンレス鋼製金網14はヘツダー
にとりつけられている。 以上のようにして得られたCOセンサについて、
ガス感応特性、通常使用温度(450℃)での課電
寿命を調べた。 ガス感応特性の測定方法は、あらかじめCOセ
ンサのヒータ部に電流を流し、感応体の温度が
350℃になるように調整しておき、それを容積の
知られている測定箱内に挿入した後、注射器でテ
スト用ガス(COガス(CO5.0%とN295.0%との
混合ガス)、及びH2ガス(99%以上))を測定箱
内に注入し、COあるいはH2の濃度が0.01容量%
(100ppm)に達した時に焼結感応体の抵抗値を測
定した。測定するガス濃度を100ppmに選んだの
は、COの労働衛生上の許容濃度が100ppmである
ため、少なくともこの濃度以下で感応する必要が
あるからである。 ガス感応特性は、(i)ガス感度(空気中の抵抗値
(Ra)/ガス中の抵抗値(Rg))、(ii)抵抗経時変
化率ΔR(感応体を450℃の温度で2000時間保持し
た場合の抵抗値の初期値に対する変化率)で評価
した。第1表及び第3図には、添加物(Au)を
加えた場合のガス感度(Ra/Rg)と、抵抗経時
変化率(ΔR)を示す。
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION FIELD The present invention relates to a CO sensor using a composite metal oxide semiconductor used to detect flammable gas. Conventional configuration and its problems In recent years, various research and development activities have become active regarding materials for sensing elements for flammable gases. This is strongly attributable to the fact that explosions and poisoning accidents caused by flammable gas occur frequently, mainly in households and in various factories, and have become a major social problem. Among these, in particular, those that detect propane gas or city gas have been developed and put into practical use with considerably high levels of sensitivity and reliability. These are widely applied, for example, to various gas leak alarms. On the other hand, CO detection is becoming a hot topic as another societal need for gas disaster prevention. This is largely due to the spread of various gas appliances and the airtightness of housing structures. In other words, the problem is poisoning due to incomplete combustion of gas appliances or CO generated from new building materials in the early stages of a fire. In particular, the latter is an extremely important social problem because it accounts for the majority of deaths caused by fire. However, at present, there is no inexpensive and simple gas sensor that can accurately detect CO, and the situation is such that the above-mentioned social needs are not fully met. The reason for this is that in the case of a sensor for general combustible gases, the concentration of combustible gas to be detected is at least a fraction of the lower explosive limit; In this case, extremely small amounts of CO must be detected. In other words, while the purpose of sensors for other combustible gases is to prevent gas explosions, the main purpose of sensors for CO is to prevent CO poisoning.
This is because the amount must be detected at an extremely small amount compared to the lower explosive limit. In low-cost, highly reliable combustible gas sensors, oxide semiconductors that are maintained at high temperatures are often used to detect changes in their resistance. Several types of oxide semiconductors have been found that are highly sensitive or selectively sensitive to CO, but unfortunately, sensors with sufficient reliability have not yet been obtained. be. Purpose of the Invention The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is intended to realize a CO sensor that is highly sensitive to CO and highly reliable. Structure of the Invention The present invention was discovered while studying the effects of additives on a gas sensing element using cadmium oxide (CdO) as a gas sensitive material. In other words, the CO sensor of the present invention has a
The gas-sensitive material is made by adding 0.1 to 10% by weight of Au (calculated as Au), which dramatically improves the gas-sensitivity characteristics and reliability. This was achieved based on the discovery that it was possible to achieve a sensitivity high enough for practical use. Description of Examples Examples of the present invention will be described below. First, in Example 1, commercially available CdO was used,
The effect of the amount of Au added on this will be described. Example 1 A first solution was prepared by dissolving commercially available cadmium oxide (CdO) and commercially available chloroauric acid (HAuCl 4 4H 2 O) in water so that the concentration was 100 mg/ml.
Each was added as indicated in the table. The respective powders were then dry mixed for 3 hours using a mixer. Two platinum wires were embedded in this powder, which was then pressure-molded into a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 2 mm and a height of 3 mm, and fired at 750° C. for 1 hour in air. The obtained porous sintered body was attached to a sensing element header, a coil-shaped heater was placed around the sintered body, and an explosion-proof stainless steel mesh was covered to obtain a CO sensor. Figure 1 shows the structure of the CO sensor.
In the figure, 1 is a sintered body in which electrodes 3 and 4 made of two platinum wires are embedded. 2 is sintered body 1
A heater for heating the heater pin 11,
Electric power is supplied from 12 to the heater through heater frames 7 and 8. The resistance of the sintered body 1 is the electrode 3,
4 through the frames 5, 6 and between the pins 9, 10. Heater pins 11 and 12 and pins 9 and 10 are connected to the header 13
The stainless steel wire mesh 14 is attached to the header. Regarding the CO sensor obtained as above,
We investigated the gas sensitivity characteristics and the lifespan of the battery under normal use (450°C). To measure the gas sensitivity characteristics, a current is passed through the heater section of the CO sensor in advance, and the temperature of the sensitive body is increased.
After adjusting the temperature to 350℃ and inserting it into a measurement box with a known volume, use a syringe to inject the test gas (CO gas (mixed gas of 5.0% CO and 95.0% N2 )). , and H 2 gas (99% or more)) into the measurement box, and the concentration of CO or H 2 is 0.01% by volume.
(100 ppm), the resistance value of the sintered sensitive body was measured. The gas concentration to be measured was chosen to be 100 ppm because the permissible concentration of CO for industrial hygiene is 100 ppm, so it is necessary to be sensitive to at least this concentration or lower. The gas sensitivity characteristics are: (i) gas sensitivity (resistance value in air (Ra)/resistance value in gas (Rg)), (ii) resistance change rate over time ΔR (responsive element held at a temperature of 450°C for 2000 hours) It was evaluated based on the rate of change in resistance value from the initial value when Table 1 and FIG. 3 show the gas sensitivity (Ra/Rg) and the rate of change in resistance over time (ΔR) when an additive (Au) is added.

【表】 * 比較例
第1表及び第3図より、CdOにAuを1.0〜10重
量%添加することによりCOに対して極めて高い
活性度を示し、しかもこれが経時的に安定なた
め、結果的に非常に大きなガス感度と信頼性を実
現し得ることがわかる。 この実施例では、感応体が焼結体の場合であ
り、母材料のCdOが市販試薬を用いた場合のAu
の添加物量について述べた。次に示す実施例2で
は、感応体が焼結膜の場合で、母材料のCdOは沈
殿法で得た粉体を用いた場合のAuの添加量効果
について述べる。 実施例 2 出発原料は市販の硫酸カドミウム(CdSO4
χH2O)100gを1の水に溶かし、50℃に保ち
ながら撹拌した。この溶液の温度を50℃に保ちつ
つ、この溶液に2規定の水酸化ナトリウム
(NaOH)溶液を60ml/分の割合で溶液の水素イ
オン濃度が9になるまで滴下した。滴下終了後、
ただちにこの沈殿物を吸引ろ過した。さらに、こ
の沈殿物上には繰り返し水を注ぎ、充分に洗浄を
行つた。このようにして得られた粉体を空気中で
110℃で1時間の熱処理を行なつた。この熱処理
粉体に、市販の塩化金酸(HAuCl4・4H2O)を
水に溶かしてこの濃度が100mg/mlになるように
調製した溶液を第2表中に示したようにそれぞれ
添加した。そしてそれぞれの粉体をらいかい機で
3時間乾式混合した。 この粉体を50〜100μに整粒し、トリエタノー
ルアミンを加えてペースト化した。これを用いて
作成して焼結膜型COセンサの構造を第2図a,
bに示した。図において、COセンサの基板とし
て縦、横それぞれ5mm、厚み0.5mmのアルミナ基
板1の表面に0.5mmの間隔に一対の櫛型の金電極
2を形成した。裏面には抵抗体用の金電極3も同
時に形成し、この間にグレーズ抵抗体4を印刷
し、焼きつけてヒータとした。 次に、上述のペーストを基板の表面に約70μの
厚みに印刷し、室温で自然乾燥させた後、750℃
の温度になるまで除々に加熱し、この温度で1時
間保持した。この段階でペーストが蒸発し、焼結
膜5になつた。このガス感応体の厚みは約55μで
あつた。このようにしてCOセンサを得た。
[Table] * Comparative example From Table 1 and Figure 3, adding 1.0 to 10% by weight of Au to CdO shows extremely high activity against CO, and since this is stable over time, the result is It can be seen that extremely high gas sensitivity and reliability can be achieved. In this example, the sensitive body is a sintered body, and the base material CdO is Au when a commercially available reagent is used.
The amount of additives was mentioned. In Example 2 shown below, the effect of the amount of Au added will be described when the sensitive body is a sintered film and the base material CdO is a powder obtained by a precipitation method. Example 2 The starting material was commercially available cadmium sulfate ( CdSO4 .
100 g of χH 2 O) was dissolved in 1 water and stirred while maintaining the temperature at 50°C. While maintaining the temperature of this solution at 50° C., a 2N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was added dropwise to this solution at a rate of 60 ml/min until the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution reached 9. After finishing dropping,
This precipitate was immediately filtered with suction. Furthermore, water was repeatedly poured onto this precipitate to thoroughly wash it. The powder obtained in this way is
Heat treatment was performed at 110°C for 1 hour. To this heat-treated powder, a solution prepared by dissolving commercially available chloroauric acid (HAuCl 4 4H 2 O) in water to a concentration of 100 mg/ml was added as shown in Table 2. . The respective powders were then dry mixed for 3 hours using a mixer. This powder was sized to a size of 50 to 100 microns, and triethanolamine was added to form a paste. Using this, the structure of a sintered film type CO sensor is shown in Figure 2a.
Shown in b. In the figure, a pair of comb-shaped gold electrodes 2 were formed at an interval of 0.5 mm on the surface of an alumina substrate 1 with a length and width of 5 mm each and a thickness of 0.5 mm as a substrate for a CO sensor. A gold electrode 3 for a resistor was also formed on the back surface at the same time, and during this time a glaze resistor 4 was printed and baked to form a heater. Next, the above paste was printed on the surface of the substrate to a thickness of about 70μ, and after air drying at room temperature, it was heated to 750℃.
The mixture was heated gradually until the temperature reached , and maintained at this temperature for 1 hour. At this stage, the paste evaporated and became a sintered film 5. The thickness of this gas sensitive body was approximately 55μ. In this way, a CO sensor was obtained.

【表】 * 比較例
それぞれのCOセンサのガス感応特性を実施例
1の場合と同様の方法で測定した。第2表及び第
4図に、CdOにAuを添加した時のガス感度
(Ra/Rg)と抵抗変化率(ΔR)を示す。 第2表及び第4図から明らかなように、感応体
が焼結膜であつても、またCdOを沈殿法で作製し
た粉体を用いた場合でも、実施例1で得られたの
とほゞ同じ特性が得られている。また抵抗値の経
時変化率も実施例1と同様非常に小さい。 また第2表及び第4図から、Auの添加量が0.1
重量%未満ではその効果はなく、本発明の効果が
期待できない。また逆に添加量が10.0重量%を起
えるとガス感度の低下あるいは特性の安定性の面
で実用性に欠けるようになる。本発明のガス検知
素子に含まれるAu量を、CdOに対して添加する
量で0.1〜10重量%に限定したのは上述した理由
に依る。 ところで、実施例1では酸化カドミウムとして
市販の酸化物試薬を、実施例2ではカドミウムの
出発原料として硫酸カドミウムを、またAuにつ
いては市販の塩化金酸を用いたものについて述べ
たが、本発明は最終的に感応体の組成が前述した
範囲内のものであればよく、何ら出発原料や製造
工程を限定するものではない。 発明の効果 以上説明したように、本発明のCOセンサは、
CdOにAuを添加した焼結体あるいは焼結膜を感
応体として用いたものであり、これによつて微量
検知が難しいとされてきたCOガスに対して大き
い感度を実現し得るものである。これはガス器具
の不完全燃焼あるいは火災の初期に発生するCO
による中毒事故が多発する傾向にある昨今、これ
を未然に防ぐCOセンサの要求が大きくなりつつ
ある社会ニーズに的確に対応するものであり、そ
の効果は極めて大なるものがある。また、本発明
のいまひとつの効果は寿命特性、特に通電による
抵抗値の経時変化の大幅な軽減である。これは換
言すればあらゆる検知素子の最も重要な要素であ
る素子の信頼性の向上に極めて大きな寄与をもた
らすものである。
[Table] * Comparative Example The gas sensitivity characteristics of each CO sensor were measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 2 and Figure 4 show the gas sensitivity (Ra/Rg) and resistance change rate (ΔR) when Au is added to CdO. As is clear from Table 2 and FIG. 4, even if the sensitive body is a sintered film or a powder prepared by CdO precipitation method, the results are almost the same as those obtained in Example 1. The same characteristics are obtained. Further, the rate of change in resistance value over time is also very small, as in Example 1. Also, from Table 2 and Figure 4, the amount of Au added is 0.1
If the amount is less than % by weight, there will be no effect, and the effects of the present invention cannot be expected. On the other hand, if the amount added exceeds 10.0% by weight, it becomes impractical in terms of reduced gas sensitivity or stability of properties. The reason why the amount of Au contained in the gas sensing element of the present invention is limited to 0.1 to 10% by weight relative to CdO is based on the above-mentioned reason. By the way, in Example 1, a commercially available oxide reagent was used as cadmium oxide, in Example 2, cadmium sulfate was used as the starting material for cadmium, and for Au, commercially available chloroauric acid was used. The final composition of the reactor may be within the above-mentioned range, and the starting materials and manufacturing process are not limited in any way. Effects of the Invention As explained above, the CO sensor of the present invention has
It uses a sintered body or a sintered film made of CdO with Au added as a sensitive body, and this makes it possible to achieve high sensitivity to CO gas, which has been considered difficult to detect in trace amounts. This is CO generated during incomplete combustion of gas appliances or at the beginning of a fire.
In recent years, there has been a tendency for accidents caused by CO poisoning to occur more frequently, and the demand for CO sensors that can prevent such poisoning is precisely responding to growing social needs, and its effects are extremely significant. Another effect of the present invention is a significant reduction in the life characteristics, especially the change in resistance value over time due to energization. In other words, this makes an extremely large contribution to improving the reliability of the element, which is the most important element of any sensing element.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図、第2図a,bは本発明の実施例にかか
るCOセンサの構造を示す図、第3図、第4図は
本発明の一実施例におけるCOセンサの添加物量
と、COおよびH2に対する感度(Ra/Rg)なら
びに抵抗経時変化率(ΔR)との関係を示した特
性図である。 1……焼結体。
Figures 1 and 2 a and b are diagrams showing the structure of a CO sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figures 3 and 4 are diagrams showing the amount of additives in a CO sensor and CO and FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between sensitivity to H 2 (Ra/Rg) and resistance change rate over time (ΔR). 1... Sintered body.

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims]

1 被検体への屈折角が少なくとも0゜、45゜、60゜
の3角度の超音波ビームを送信しかつ前記被検体
からの反射波を受信するとともに送受信した超音
波信号を出力するマルチビーム超音波探触子と、 前記マルチビーム超音波探触子を前記被検体表
面上で移動させる駆動装置と、 当該駆動装置を制御し前記マルチビーム超音波
探触子を所定の位置に移動させかつ当該位置に対
応する位置信号を出力する制御装置と、 前記少なくとも3角度の超音波信号を送信する
ための励振信号を出力しかつ前記受信された超音
波信号を増幅する超音波探傷器と、
1. A multi-beam ultrasound system that transmits ultrasound beams with refraction angles of at least 0°, 45°, and 60° to a subject, receives reflected waves from the subject, and outputs the transmitted and received ultrasound signals. a sonic probe; a drive device for moving the multi-beam ultrasound probe on the surface of the object; and a drive device for controlling the drive device to move the multi-beam ultrasound probe to a predetermined position and moving the multi-beam ultrasound probe to a predetermined position. a control device that outputs a position signal corresponding to the position; an ultrasonic flaw detector that outputs an excitation signal for transmitting the ultrasonic signal at the at least three angles and amplifies the received ultrasonic signal;

JP58133410A 1983-07-20 1983-07-20 CO sensor Granted JPS6024442A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58133410A JPS6024442A (en) 1983-07-20 1983-07-20 CO sensor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58133410A JPS6024442A (en) 1983-07-20 1983-07-20 CO sensor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6024442A JPS6024442A (en) 1985-02-07
JPH022100B2 true JPH022100B2 (en) 1990-01-16

Family

ID=15104109

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP58133410A Granted JPS6024442A (en) 1983-07-20 1983-07-20 CO sensor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6024442A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6230206U (en) * 1985-08-09 1987-02-23

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6024442A (en) 1985-02-07

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