JPH02221438A - Three-dimensional fabric and production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the title fabric suitable as a skeletal material for composite materials having piping function for air and/or oil in addition to functions of both high mechanical strength and rigidity by internally setting pipes in the direction extending along the warps, with the diameter greater than those of said warps and the first and second wefts. CONSTITUTION:A number of warps Z are stretched both in rows and columns, except in a domain for pipes P to be internally set, corresponding to the sectional shape of the three-dimensional fabric, guide yarns Z1 are stretched at about the central part of said domain, and a number of continuous first wefts Y are inserted between the columns of the above warps Z in such a state as to be rectangular to the warps Z, while continuous second wefts X between the rows of the warps Z in such a state as to be rectangular to the warps Z and the first wefts Y. These operations are repeated to weave the three- dimensional fabric. And the pipes P with the outer diameter greater than those of the above warps Z and both the wefts Y and X are fixed at one end of said guide yarns Z1, and the pipes P are internally set in the direction extending along the warps Z while said guide yarns Z1 are pulled out.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a three-dimensional fabric and a method for manufacturing the same.

[Conventional technology] Fiber reinforced plastics (FR) are used in aircraft, ships, etc.
By adopting P), weight reduction is achieved. In addition to the structural materials that form the body of aircraft, ships, etc.,
Hydraulic or pneumatic system piping is required, and FRP
If the oval structure pipe can be incorporated, the entire device can be made lighter and more compact. When forming such a built-in pipe using FRP manufactured by impregnating resin in cloth laminated material, as shown in Figure 10, the FRP formed by impregnating resin in cross laminated material is used for pipe insertion. A possible method is to form a hole with a drill or the like and then fit the pipe P therein.

[Problem to be solved by the invention] However, when cutting with a drill is performed after forming FRP, the fibers of Talos C that make up the cross-laminated material are cut, so the strength of the part corresponding to the cut fiber part is reduced. There is a problem with the decline.

Further, when a long pipe is included, not only is it difficult to cut the hole, but also there is a problem in that the resistance against palm rubbing increases when the pipe is inserted into the hole, making it difficult to insert the pipe into the hole. Furthermore, there is a problem in that minute cracks may occur depending on the finish of processing, and destruction may easily occur due to stress concentration. Furthermore, FRP using cross-laminated materials as a skeleton material has a problem in that its strength against shearing force is low.

On the other hand, in order to compensate for the drawbacks of FRP, which uses cross-laminated materials as a skeleton material, composite materials that use three-dimensional fabrics as a skeleton material are being considered. A three-dimensional fabric consisting of a large number of warps Z, three types of threads, a first weft y and a second weft Composite materials with an inorganic matrix have the characteristics of light weight, high strength, and high rigidity, so they are expected to have a wide range of uses as structural materials for logs, aircraft, automobiles, ships, and buildings. Three-dimensional fabrics were limited to square column or plate shapes. Therefore, if a hole for inserting a pipe is formed after forming a composite material using this type of three-dimensional fabric as a skeleton material, the same problem as described above will occur.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and its purpose is to create a three-dimensional fabric composite material used as a structural material without drilling holes after impregnating it with a resin or the like. The object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional fabric capable of providing a hydraulic or pneumatic piping function and a method for manufacturing the same.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the three-dimensional fabric of the present invention has two groups of warp threads arranged in multiple rows and rows, and two groups of warp threads perpendicular to the warp threads 2 between the rows. A large number of first wefts y are woven in each row in a continuous manner, and a second weft is continuous in each row, woven in a state perpendicular to the warp 2 and the first weft y between the rows of the second group of warp threads. X, the warp thread 2 and the double thread x,
A pipe having an outer diameter larger than the diameter of any of the yarns y is included so as to extend along the warp yarns 2.

Further, in the manufacturing method according to the second claim, a large number of warp threads 2 are stretched in a plurality of rows and rows corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the three-dimensional fabric, excluding a portion where the pipe is to be included, to form a second group of warp threads, Weaving is started with the guide thread z1 stretched approximately in the center of the portion where the pipe is to be included, and the first weft y is inserted between the rows of the second group of warp threads in a state perpendicular to the warp threads 2 for each row. After weaving a three-dimensional fabric by repeating the step of inserting the second weft X in each row in a state perpendicular to the warp 2 and the first weft y between the warp zl\ rows, the guide A pipe is fixed to one end of the thread, and while pulling out the guide thread from the three-dimensional object, the pipe is inserted from one end of the three-dimensional fabric into the part where the pipe is to be included.

[Function] The three-dimensional fabric of the present invention has a first weft y interwoven between the rows of the second group of warp yarns and a second weft X interwoven between the rows of the second group of warp yarns.
Since both are made of continuous threads in each row and column, when impregnated with resin to form a three-dimensional woven composite material, there will be no loss of strength due to fiber breakage or stress concentration. In addition, since the three-dimensional fabric composite supports the pressure of the fluid inside the pipe, the pipe itself does not require mechanical strength, and a thin-walled pipe can function satisfactorily. A large number of warp yarns 2 are stretched in multiple columns and rows corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the three-dimensional fabric, excluding the planned portion, to form a second group of warp yarns, and guide yarns are placed approximately in the center of the planned portion within the pipe. Weaving is started with z1 stretched, and the first weft y is inserted in each row in a state perpendicular to the warp 2 between the rows, and the warp Z and the first weft y are inserted between the rows of the second group of warp threads. 1 weft y
The process of inserting the continuous second weft X in each row in a state perpendicular to the line is reversed, and the warp 2
A three-dimensional mending product is woven with no guide threads inserted through the center of the fabric.A pipe is then fixed to one end of the guide threads, and as the guide threads are pulled out from the three-dimensional fabric, a three-dimensional mend product is woven. A pipe is inserted from one end of the original fabric into the portion where the pipe is intended to be embedded, and after the guide thread has been pulled out, the guide thread is cut and removed to produce the final three-dimensional fabric with the pipe embedded therein.

[Example 1] An example embodying the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. As shown in Fig. 1.2, the three-dimensional fabric F has two groups of warp yarns stretched in multiple columns and multiple rows (in this example, 11 columns and 7 rows); Consisting of a large number of first wefts y that are woven orthogonally to each other in each row, and a number of second wefts , warp 2
A pipe P having an outer diameter larger than the diameters of the warp Z and both of the yarns x and y is embedded in the group approximately in the center so as to extend along the warp 2. The first weft y and the second weft The first weft y and the second weft X are wound around the surface. Therefore, when the pipe P is used as a hydraulic or pneumatic pipe using a composite material using this three-dimensional fabric as a skeleton material, the fluid pressure inside the pipe is supported by the three-dimensional fabric F, and the pipe P supports the fluid pressure. It is not necessary to have such functions as oil resistance and a predetermined surface roughness, and the weight can be reduced by making the wall thinner.

Next, a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional aThF in which the pipe P is incorporated will be described. When manufacturing a three-dimensional fabric F, first weave a three-dimensional fabric F in which no pipe P is embedded, and then insert the pipe P into the three-dimensional fabric F to produce a final three-dimensional fabric F in which the pipe P is embedded. Original fabric F is produced.

As shown in Fig. 3.4, the device for weaving the three-dimensional fabric F uses a warp shedding device 2 equipped with a large number of belts 1 to shear each row of two groups of warp threads. A weft belt 3 is used as an insertion device inserted between each row of the group. As weaving progresses, the ends of a large number of warp yarns 2 fed out from the warp supply section 4 are pulled by a drive mechanism (not shown) from a position close to a front frame 5 disposed at a predetermined position. It is fixed to a warp support plate 6 which is moved in the direction of picking. The warp yarns 2 constituting the second group of warp yarns are inserted in each row into each belt 1 of the warp shedding device 2 disposed between the front frame 5 and the warp supply section 4, and as the belt 1 moves up and down, the warp yarns are The two groups can be opened one row at a time. The weft belt 3 is disposed between the loom frame 5 and the warp shedding device 2, and is used to carry the first weft y fed out from the first weft supply section 7.
is inserted into each row of the second group of warp threads by its vertical movement. A guide bar 8 is arranged in parallel with the weft belt 3 above the warp shedding device 2 between the weft belt 3 and the first weft supply section 7 . The second weft X inserted between each row of the second group of warp threads is inserted between each row of the second group of warp threads by a shuttle (not shown) that moves along the warp opening. The reed 9 is reciprocated between the weaving frame 5 and the weft belt 3 between the immediate right side of the weaving frame 5 (double-dashed line in Fig. 3 (a)) and a predetermined position in Fig. 3 (a > solid line). It is arranged so that it can be moved.

Next, when weaving a three-dimensional fabric having pipe insertion points using the apparatus configured as described above, first, a large number of warp yarns 2 are weaved to correspond to the cross-sectional shape of the three-dimensional fabric F, excluding the portion where the pipe is to be inserted. The warp threads are stretched in multiple rows and rows to form 2 groups of warp threads, and the guide threads z
Weaving is started with 1 stretched. At the start of weaving the three-dimensional fabric F, the warp support plate 6 is close to the front frame 5! At the same time, the weft belt 3 and the belt 1 of the warp shedding device 2 are placed in the raised position. From this state, the belt 1 is sequentially moved downward from the opposite side of the front frame 5 by the operation of the warp shedding device 2, and the warp shedding is sequentially formed step by step from the lower side of the second group of warps to the upper side, and the warp The shuttles are sequentially introduced into the opening, and the second weft X is inserted in a meandering state between the rows of the second group of warp threads in a state perpendicular to the warp threads 2, and the reed 9 is moved from a predetermined position to the right position of the front of the weave. The weft insert is pressed against the woven side and beating is performed. After the insertion of the second weft X into the opening between the warp 2 and the first weft y in the Ik upward direction and the beating are completed, the weft belt 3 is moved downward, the first weft y is folded back downward, and the warp It is inserted between each column of the two groups.

Next, the warp shedding device 2 is operated, and as shown in FIG. The second weft X is sequentially introduced into the warp opening from top to bottom and is beaten.

+-' Then, after the insertion of the second weft X into the opening between the warp 2 and the first weft y in the lowest row is completed, the weft belt 3 is moved upward and the first weft y is folded back upward. warp 2
Inserted between each column of the group. Since the weft belt 3 is away from the weaving position, the first weft y will be in a diagonal state with respect to the warp 2 only by the vertical movement of the weft belt 3, but the reed after weft insertion of the second weft X As the beating progresses, the first weft y becomes the warp 2
are interwoven so that they are orthogonal to each other. Thereafter, in the same way, the weft insertion of the second weft X and the weft insertion of the first weft y are performed alternately to weave the three-dimensional fabric F, and the warp support plate 6 is moved in the horizontal direction to create the three-dimensional fabric. F is taken one by one. After weaving is completed, the three-dimensional fabric F is placed on the warp support plate 6.
When it is removed from the pipe, as shown in FIG.
A three-dimensional fabric F is obtained in which only

Next, as shown in FIG. 6, the end of the pipe P, whose one end is tapered, is caulked and the pipe P is attached to one end of the guide thread z1.
After fixing, the pipe P is inserted into the three-dimensional fabric F while pulling the guide thread z1 from the side opposite to the side to which the pipe P is fixed. As the pipe P enters, the first weft y and the second weft X, which were woven into the pipe-internal part, are removed to the outside and bent along the outer circumferential surface of the pipe P. If the guide thread z1 does not exist and the three-dimensional fabric F is long, it is difficult to insert the pipe P accurately along the center of the intended internal part of the pipe, but the presence of the guide thread z1 allows the pipe P to be It is guided by the thread z1 and inserted securely so that its center coincides with the center of the planned internal pipe portion. Then, after the tapered part of the pipe P protrudes to the outside of the three-dimensional fabric F, the same part is cut off, so that the pipe P is contained within I! The final three-dimensional fabric F is obtained. By impregnating this three-dimensional fiber F with a resin, a three-dimensional textile composite material with a pipe embedded therein is formed.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments,
For example, when weaving a three-dimensional fabric F for inserting a pipe P as shown in FIG. 7, the first weft y and the second
Weaving may be carried out with the weft X having a little margin at the folded portion.

When inserting the pipe P into the three-dimensional fabric F woven in this way, it is necessary to bend the pipe P containing the first weft y and the second weft along the circumferential direction as the pipe P is inserted. The length is supplied from the folded portion. Therefore, the three-dimensional fabric F will not be distorted due to excessive force being applied to the first weft y and the second weft X. Further, the guide thread z1 is not essential, and after weaving the three-dimensional fabric F without tensioning the guide thread z1, the pipe P may be inserted into the center of the pipe-internal part where the warp threads 2 are not present. At this time, when drilling a hole whose cross-sectional shape has an uneven distance from the center of rotation to the periphery and which does not have a blade, insert the tool into the intended insertion position of the pipe P to make the hole in advance, and then insert the pipe P. Alternatively, instead of inserting the second weft X alternately from both left and right directions into the warp opening with a shuttle, the second weft X can be inserted with a rapier.
A weaving method is adopted in which the second weft X is inserted only from one side of the warp opening, a loop is formed at its tip, and the second weft X is inserted in a folded manner, and a selvage yarn is inserted into the tip loop to prevent the second weft X from slipping out. You may.

Furthermore, instead of using continuous threads as weft threads, cut weft threads may be inserted one by one in each row or column of the fabric.In this case, the length of the weft threads should be slightly longer than the width of the fabric. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the weft threads from coming off from the second group of warp threads even if the weft threads are pulled when the pipe is inserted. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the three-dimensional fabric is not a simple rectangular shape, but can be applied to any cross-sectional shape that can be woven. If the cross-sectional shape of the three-dimensional fabric F is irregularly shaped as described above, there will be a portion where the number of warp threads 2 constituting the rows and columns of the warp thread group 2 increases. In this case, the weft belt is warp 2
It is necessary to insert the first weft y into the rows of the second group of warp threads by using different warp threads for each part where the number of warp threads 2 constituting each row of the group increases. That is, in the case of the three-dimensional fabric F having the shape shown in FIG. The warp threads are inserted into the rows of the second group of warp threads by respective weft thread belts different from the weft thread belts. Also, Figure 9 (
After weaving a hollow three-dimensional fabric F as shown in a), a pipe P is inserted into the hollow part as shown in FIG. 9(b).
may be inserted to produce the final three-dimensional fabric F.

[Effects of the Invention] As detailed above, when the three-dimensional fabric of the present invention is impregnated with resin and made into a composite material, it has the high strength and strength required for a structural material.
It has both the function of high rigidity and the function of air or oil piping, and since the fluid pressure inside the pipe is supported by the three-dimensional textile composite material, mechanical strength is not required for the pipe itself, and the pipe inside the pipe is not required to have mechanical strength. As a result, it is possible to use thin-walled pipes with features such as oil resistance and a specified surface roughness, and the weight of the entire device can be reduced, and hydraulic piping, etc. can be built into the three-dimensional woven composite material as a structural material. This also makes it possible to make the whole system more compact. In addition, in the manufacturing method according to the second claim, first, a three-dimensional fabric is woven in which the warp threads 2 are not present in the pipe-intended portion and the guide threads are inserted through the center thereof, and then the guide threads are pulled out. A pipe will be inserted into the relevant part, so place the pipe in the specified position! In addition, it is possible to efficiently manufacture the final product, a three-dimensional fabric with pipes, without using special manufacturing equipment. .

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 6 show an embodiment embodying the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a three-dimensional fabric containing a pipe, FIG. 2 is a partial side view thereof, and FIG. <a) and the fourth
The figure is a schematic side sectional view showing the weaving action, and Figure 3 (b) is the third
5 is a schematic perspective view of the three-dimensional offal before inserting the pipe after weaving; FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing the state in which the pipe is attached to the guide thread; The figure is a schematic perspective view showing a three-dimensional fabric before inserting a vibrator according to a modification, FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a three-dimensional fabric according to another modification, and FIG. 9(a).
(b) is a schematic perspective view showing another manufacturing method, and FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a conventional FRP with a built-in pipe. Pipe P, first weft y, second weft X, guide yarn Z1, three-dimensional fabric F. Patent Applicant: Toyota Industries Corporation Ltd. Attorney: Hironobu Onda Figure 1

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A group of multiple warp threads (z) stretched in multiple columns and rows, and continuous rows woven between the rows in a state perpendicular to the warp threads (z). Many first wefts (y) and warps (
z) A continuous second weft (x) for each row woven in a state perpendicular to the warp (z) and the first weft (y) between the rows of the group.
A three-dimensional fabric comprising a pipe having an outer diameter larger than the diameter of either the warp (z) or both wefts (x, y) so as to extend along the warp (z). 2. A large number of warp yarns (z) are stretched in multiple rows and rows corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the three-dimensional fabric, excluding the portion where the pipe is expected to be included, to form a warp yarn (z) group, and Weaving is started with the guide yarn stretched approximately in the center, and a continuous first weft (y) is inserted between the rows of the warp (z) group in a state perpendicular to the warp (z) for each row. Process and warp (z
) Weaving a three-dimensional fabric by repeating the step of inserting a continuous second weft (x) for each row in a state perpendicular to the warp (2) and the first weft (y) between the rows of the group, and then the guide A method for producing a three-dimensional fabric, in which a pipe is fixed to one end of a thread, and the pipe is inserted into a portion where the pipe is intended to be included while pulling out a guide thread from the three-dimensional fabric.