JPH0222746B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0222746B2
JPH0222746B2 JP57028535A JP2853582A JPH0222746B2 JP H0222746 B2 JPH0222746 B2 JP H0222746B2 JP 57028535 A JP57028535 A JP 57028535A JP 2853582 A JP2853582 A JP 2853582A JP H0222746 B2 JPH0222746 B2 JP H0222746B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
indoline
reaction
catalyst
aminophenyl
ethanol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP57028535A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS58146563A (en
Inventor
Fumihiko Kondo
Kazuhisa Ito
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kawaken Fine Chemicals Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Kawaken Fine Chemicals Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kawaken Fine Chemicals Co Ltd filed Critical Kawaken Fine Chemicals Co Ltd
Priority to JP2853582A priority Critical patent/JPS58146563A/en
Publication of JPS58146563A publication Critical patent/JPS58146563A/en
Publication of JPH0222746B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0222746B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Indole Compounds (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、2−(O−アミノフエニル)エタノ
ールを液相で脱水縮合することにより、インドリ
ンを製造する方法に関するものである。 インドリンは、インドールの中間体であり、医
薬品の合成原料や農薬の中間体として有用な化合
物である。 従来、2−(O−アミノフエニル)エタノール
を原料とするインドリンの合成法としては、ボー
キサイトに水ガラスを混ぜ合わせ、300℃に加熱
したところに2−(O−アミノフエニル)エタノ
ールの蒸気を水素と窒素の混合気体とともに送り
込む方法(ドイツ特許第606027号)があるが、触
媒の寿命が短かく工業的製法としては不適当であ
る。 これに対してスウエーデンのBakkeは、脱水
触媒としてシリカゲルを用い、250℃に加熱しな
がらゆつくりと2−(O−アミノフエニル)エタ
ノールの蒸気を送り込み、98%収率でインドリン
を得たと報告(Acta.Chem.Scand.,1974、B28、
393)しているが、シリカゲルの脱水能力が小さ
いので生成時間がかかること、およびシリカゲル
が比較的高価であるという難点がある。 一方、液相反応ではp−トルエンスルホン酸ク
ロリドとピリジンを用いて2−(O−アミノフエ
ニル)エタノールからインドリンを良い収率で得
たという報告(G.B.Bennet、J.Chem.Soc.,
1941、287)があるが、p−トルエンスルホン酸
とピリジンが高価であるため、インドリンの工業
的製造方法としては好ましくない。 その他の液相反応では、2−(O−アミノフエ
ニル)エタノールの塩酸塩を220℃、5分間熱分
解しインドリンの塩酸塩とし、アルカリで塩基性
水溶液とし、ベンゼンで抽出する方法(特開昭56
−86155号)があるが、アミンの塩酸塩化の工程
は、反応器の腐食、インドリン塩酸塩からのイン
ドリンの抽出など問題が多い。 本発明者らは、液相反応によるインドリンの工
業的製造方法の確立を目的として鋭意研究し、特
定の固体酸触媒の存在下に2−(O−アミノフエ
ニル)エタノールを加熱処理することにより短時
間のうちに高収率でインドリンが生成することを
見いだし、本発明を完成するに至つた。 すなわち本発明は、2−(O−アミノフエニル)
エタノールを液相で、無機酸担持アルミナおよび
無機酸担持酸化チタンから選ばれる少なくとも1
種の固体酸触媒の存在下に脱水環化することを特
徴とするインドリンの製造方法に関するものであ
る。 本発明方法における無機酸担持アルミナ触媒と
しては、γ−アルミナを担体とし、この担体にリ
ン酸、ホウ酸、無水ホウ酸、硫酸、および硝酸よ
り選ばれる酸性物質を担持したものがあげられ
る。ただし、リン酸、ホウ酸、および無水ホウ酸
は、γ−アルミナと混合しただけでも、担持触媒
と同程度の活性を有するようになる。 本発明方法における無機酸担持酸化チタン触媒
としては、酸化チタンの担体に、リン酸、ホウ
酸、および無水ホウ酸より選ばれる酸性物質を担
持もしくは混合した触媒があげられる。 本発明方法における触媒はγ−アルミナまたは
酸化チタンの担体に前記の酸性物質を2ないし
40wt%、好ましくは10〜30wt%担持あるいは混
合したものである。ただし酸性物質のうちリン酸
は担体とは任意の割合で担持もしくは混合でき
る。 本発明方法の触媒が2−(O−アミノフエニル)
エタノールに対してすぐれた脱水環化力を有する
詳細な理由は明らかではないが、本発明方法の固
体酸触媒のうち表面酸性度がpKa−3以下のもの
がとくに好ましい脱水能力を有する。この場合の
表面酸性度とは、Benesi法によつて測定した値
を意味する。本発明方法の固体酸触媒の表面酸性
度をBenesi法によつて測定した結果の一部を、
参考例とともに第1表に示す。(第1表中の酸性
物質の担持量はいずれも10wt%である。) 【表】 【表】 本発明方法におけるこれら固体酸触媒の調製
は、通常の担体付き触媒の製造方法に従えばよ
い。とくにγ−アルミナに酸性物質を担持した後
200℃以上で焼成して得た触媒は、水を加えて撹
拌しても担持物の水中への溶出はみられず、した
がつて装置を腐食することがなく有利である。 本発明方法の脱水環化反応は、150ないし300
℃、好ましくは180〜250℃の温度範囲で行なう。
反応温度が150℃以下では、反応速度が低いため、
反応収率が悪く、300℃以上では副生成物として
のインドールの生成が多くなる。 本発明方法における触媒の使用量は、原料の2
−(O−アミノフエニル)エタノールに対して2
〜40wt%、好ましくは10〜20wt%である。 本発明方法の反応は、無溶媒でも充分進行する
が、不活性な溶媒で2−(O−アミノフエニル)
エタノールを希釈して反応させてもよい。これら
の不活性な溶媒としては、たとえば、トルエン、
ベンゼン、ヘキサンなどがあげられる。 本発明方法の反応は、液相状態であれば減圧、
常圧、加圧下のいずれでもよいが、溶媒で希釈し
て反応させる場合は、使用する溶媒の沸点を考慮
して常圧ないしは加圧下での反応が好ましい。 本発明方法による反応が終了した後、反応液を
減圧蒸留して留出してくる水とインドリンを分液
するだけで高純度のインドリンが得られる。減圧
蒸留後の触媒に、さらに2−(O−アミノフエニ
ル)エタノールを加え、反応を繰り返すことがで
きる。 本発明方法の利点を列挙すると次のようにな
る。 (1) 本発明触媒アルミナ系および酸化チタン系の
固体酸触媒の水中でのPHが中性付近であるため
装置を腐食することが少ない。 (2) 2−(O−アミノフエニル)エタノールから
短時間で多量のインドリンを製造しうる。 (3) 反応後の減圧蒸留によつて留出する留出物の
分液だけで高純度のインドリンが得られる。 (4) 本発明方法の触媒の耐久性が長く、したがつ
て触媒の繰り返し使用ができる。 本発明方法を実施例によりさらに詳しく説明す
る。 実施例 1 50ml丸底フラスコに蒸留装置、磁気撹拌子、温
度計を装備し、2−(O−アミノフエニル)エタ
ノール40g(0.29モル)と硫酸担持γ−アルミナ
(担持量10wt%)4gを入れ、加熱撹拌した。反
応温度が約200℃になると水が留出してきた。さ
らに反応温度を上昇させ、216〜218℃で1.5時間
反応した。この間に約10gの水層部分が留出し
た。この水層にはわずかに有機層が含まれ、有機
層のGLC分析は2−(O−アミノフエニル)エタ
ノールとインドリンが含まれていた。反応液を冷
却し減圧留出(〜100℃/16〜18mmHg)させた。
この操作を5回繰り返し、常圧で留出した水層を
合一して水層に含まれる有機層を分離した後同様
に反応させた。合計6回の反応で得られた減圧留
出物を合一し、この合一した減圧留出物から水を
分液し、有機層167gを単離した。有機層をNmr.
Ir.GLCで分析したところ、インドリンの標品
(アルドリツチ社製)の分析結果と一致した。こ
のインドリンの平均の収率は96.3%であり、純度
は97.7%であつた。インドリンに含まれる不純物
のインドールの含量は1%以下であつた。 実施例 2〜6 2−(O−アミノフエニル)エタノールに対し
て第2表に示す触媒を10wt%用いて、実施例1
に準じて反応を行ないインドリンを得た。このと
きの反応の条件とインドリンの収率と純度を第2
表に示す。 【表】 実施例7、比較例1〜6 触媒による反応性を調べるため、2−(O−ア
ミノフエニル)エタノールに対して触媒添加量を
10wt%ととし触媒の種類を変えて実施例1に準
じて反応を行つた。インドリンの収率と純度を第
3表に示す。 【表】 【表】 :インドール
実施例 8 200ml丸底フラスコに温度計、磁気撹拌子およ
び蒸留装置を装備し、2−(O−アミノフエニル)
エタノール100g(0.73モル)と、γ−アルミナ
8gに無水ホウ酸2gを混合した触媒を入れ加熱
撹拌した。液温が200℃になると水と油状物質が
留出してきた。液温をさらに240℃位までに上昇
させて2時間反応させると、1時間程は240℃を
保つがインドリンが系内で生成するにつれて液温
は220℃まで下がる。反応終了後、反応液を冷却
し減圧留去(105〜106℃/15mmHg)させ、常圧
留出物をフラスコに加えて同様に反応させ処理し
た。減圧留出物を合一し、油層と水層を分液し
た。油状物質は82.6gであつた。油状物質を
Nmr,Ir,GLCで分析したところ、インドリン
の標品の分析結果と一致した。得られたインドリ
ンは収率95%、純度98%であつた。 同一の触媒を用いて同様の反応を5回行なつた
が結果は同じであつた。 実施例9〜13、比較例7 第4表に示すような触媒を用いて、実施例10に
準じて反応を行つた。インドリンの収率と純度を
第4表に示す。 【表】
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for producing indoline by dehydrating and condensing 2-(O-aminophenyl)ethanol in a liquid phase. Indoline is an intermediate of indole, and is a compound useful as a synthetic raw material for pharmaceuticals and an intermediate for agricultural chemicals. Conventionally, the method for synthesizing indoline using 2-(O-aminophenyl) ethanol as a raw material was to mix bauxite with water glass, heat it to 300°C, and then mix the vapor of 2-(O-aminophenyl) ethanol with hydrogen and nitrogen. There is a method (German Patent No. 606027) in which the catalyst is fed together with a mixed gas, but the life of the catalyst is short and it is unsuitable for industrial production. On the other hand, Bakke of Sweden reported that he obtained indoline in 98% yield by using silica gel as a dehydration catalyst and slowly introducing vapor of 2-(O-aminophenyl)ethanol while heating to 250℃ (Acta .Chem.Scand., 1974, B28,
393) However, there are disadvantages in that the dehydration ability of silica gel is small, so it takes time to produce, and silica gel is relatively expensive. On the other hand, it has been reported that indoline was obtained in good yield from 2-(O-aminophenyl)ethanol using p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride and pyridine in a liquid phase reaction (GBBennet, J.Chem.Soc.,
1941, 287), but since p-toluenesulfonic acid and pyridine are expensive, it is not preferred as an industrial method for producing indoline. In other liquid phase reactions, 2-(O-aminophenyl) ethanol hydrochloride is thermally decomposed at 220°C for 5 minutes to form indoline hydrochloride, made into a basic aqueous solution with an alkali, and extracted with benzene (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 56
-86155), but the process of converting amines into hydrochloride has many problems such as corrosion of the reactor and extraction of indoline from indoline hydrochloride. The present inventors have conducted intensive research with the aim of establishing an industrial method for producing indoline by a liquid phase reaction, and have developed a method for producing indoline in a short time by heat-treating 2-(O-aminophenyl)ethanol in the presence of a specific solid acid catalyst. They discovered that indoline could be produced in high yield during the process, and completed the present invention. That is, the present invention provides 2-(O-aminophenyl)
ethanol in a liquid phase, at least one selected from inorganic acid-supported alumina and inorganic acid-supported titanium oxide.
The present invention relates to a method for producing indoline, which is characterized by cyclodehydration in the presence of a certain type of solid acid catalyst. Examples of the inorganic acid-supported alumina catalyst in the method of the present invention include those in which γ-alumina is used as a carrier and an acidic substance selected from phosphoric acid, boric acid, boric anhydride, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid is supported on this carrier. However, even when phosphoric acid, boric acid, and boric anhydride are mixed with γ-alumina, they have the same level of activity as the supported catalyst. Examples of the inorganic acid-supported titanium oxide catalyst in the method of the present invention include catalysts in which an acidic substance selected from phosphoric acid, boric acid, and boric anhydride is supported or mixed on a titanium oxide carrier. The catalyst used in the method of the present invention is a carrier of γ-alumina or titanium oxide containing 2 to 30% of the above acidic substance.
40 wt%, preferably 10 to 30 wt% supported or mixed. However, among the acidic substances, phosphoric acid can be supported or mixed with the carrier in any proportion. The catalyst of the method of the present invention is 2-(O-aminophenyl)
Although the detailed reason for the excellent dehydration and cyclization ability for ethanol is not clear, among the solid acid catalysts used in the method of the present invention, those with a surface acidity of pKa-3 or less have a particularly preferable dehydration ability. The surface acidity in this case means a value measured by the Benesi method. Some of the results of measuring the surface acidity of the solid acid catalyst of the method of the present invention by the Benesi method are as follows:
It is shown in Table 1 along with reference examples. (The supported amounts of acidic substances in Table 1 are all 10 wt%.) [Table] [Table] These solid acid catalysts in the method of the present invention can be prepared according to the usual method for producing supported catalysts. . Especially after supporting acidic substances on γ-alumina.
A catalyst obtained by firing at a temperature of 200° C. or higher is advantageous because even when water is added and stirred, no elution of supported substances into water is observed, and therefore no equipment is corroded. The dehydration cyclization reaction of the method of the present invention is carried out at 150 to 300
The temperature range is preferably 180 to 250°C.
If the reaction temperature is below 150℃, the reaction rate is low, so
The reaction yield is poor, and at temperatures above 300°C, a large amount of indole is produced as a by-product. The amount of catalyst used in the method of the present invention is 2
-(O-aminophenyl)2 for ethanol
~40wt%, preferably 10-20wt%. Although the reaction of the method of the present invention proceeds satisfactorily even without a solvent, 2-(O-aminophenyl) can be reacted with an inert solvent.
The reaction may be performed by diluting ethanol. These inert solvents include, for example, toluene,
Examples include benzene and hexane. The reaction in the method of the present invention can be carried out under reduced pressure if it is in a liquid phase.
The reaction may be carried out under normal pressure or elevated pressure, but when the reaction is carried out after diluting with a solvent, the reaction is preferably carried out under normal pressure or elevated pressure in consideration of the boiling point of the solvent used. After the reaction according to the method of the present invention is completed, highly pure indoline can be obtained by simply distilling the reaction solution under reduced pressure and separating the distilled water and indoline. The reaction can be repeated by further adding 2-(O-aminophenyl)ethanol to the catalyst after vacuum distillation. The advantages of the method of the present invention are listed below. (1) Since the pH of the alumina-based and titanium oxide-based solid acid catalysts of the present invention in water is near neutral, the equipment is less likely to corrode. (2) A large amount of indoline can be produced in a short time from 2-(O-aminophenyl)ethanol. (3) Highly pure indoline can be obtained simply by separating the distillate distilled out by vacuum distillation after the reaction. (4) The durability of the catalyst in the method of the present invention is long, and therefore the catalyst can be used repeatedly. The method of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples. Example 1 A 50 ml round bottom flask was equipped with a distillation device, a magnetic stirrer, and a thermometer, and 40 g (0.29 mol) of 2-(O-aminophenyl)ethanol and 4 g of γ-alumina supported on sulfuric acid (supporting amount 10 wt%) were added. The mixture was heated and stirred. Water began to distill out when the reaction temperature reached approximately 200°C. The reaction temperature was further increased and the reaction was carried out at 216-218°C for 1.5 hours. During this time, about 10 g of aqueous layer was distilled out. This aqueous layer contained a slight organic layer, and GLC analysis of the organic layer revealed that it contained 2-(O-aminophenyl)ethanol and indoline. The reaction solution was cooled and distilled under reduced pressure (~100°C/16-18mmHg).
This operation was repeated five times, the aqueous layers distilled under normal pressure were combined, and the organic layer contained in the aqueous layer was separated and reacted in the same manner. The vacuum distillates obtained from a total of six reactions were combined, water was separated from the combined vacuum distillates, and 167 g of an organic layer was isolated. The organic layer is Nmr.
When analyzed by Ir.GLC, the results matched those of the indoline standard (manufactured by Aldrich). The average yield of this indoline was 96.3% and the purity was 97.7%. The content of indole, an impurity contained in indoline, was 1% or less. Examples 2 to 6 Example 1 was prepared using 10 wt% of the catalyst shown in Table 2 based on 2-(O-aminophenyl)ethanol.
Indoline was obtained by carrying out the reaction according to . The reaction conditions and the yield and purity of indoline at this time were
Shown in the table. [Table] Example 7, Comparative Examples 1 to 6 In order to investigate the reactivity due to the catalyst, the amount of catalyst added to 2-(O-aminophenyl)ethanol was
The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount was 10 wt% and the type of catalyst was changed. The yield and purity of indoline are shown in Table 3. [Table] [Table]: Indole Example 8 A 200 ml round bottom flask was equipped with a thermometer, a magnetic stirrer and a distillation device, and 2-(O-aminophenyl) was prepared.
A catalyst prepared by mixing 100 g (0.73 mol) of ethanol, 8 g of γ-alumina, and 2 g of boric anhydride was added, and the mixture was heated and stirred. When the liquid temperature reached 200℃, water and oily substances began to distill out. When the temperature of the liquid is further raised to around 240°C and reacted for 2 hours, the temperature remains at 240°C for about an hour, but as indoline is produced within the system, the temperature of the liquid drops to 220°C. After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was cooled and evaporated under reduced pressure (105-106°C/15 mmHg), and the atmospheric distillate was added to the flask and reacted and treated in the same manner. The vacuum distillates were combined and separated into an oil layer and an aqueous layer. The oily substance was 82.6g. oily substance
When analyzed by Nmr, Ir, and GLC, the results matched those of the indoline sample. The obtained indoline had a yield of 95% and a purity of 98%. A similar reaction was carried out five times using the same catalyst, but the results were the same. Examples 9 to 13, Comparative Example 7 A reaction was carried out according to Example 10 using the catalysts shown in Table 4. The yield and purity of indoline are shown in Table 4. 【table】

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 液相で2−(O−アミノフエニル)エタノー
ルを脱水環化してインドリンを製造する方法にお
いて、無機酸担持アルミナおよび無機酸担持酸化
チタンから選ばれる少なくとも1種の固体酸触媒
の存在下に2−(O−アミノフエニル)エタノー
ルを脱水環化することを特徴とするインドリンの
製造方法。
1. A method for producing indoline by cyclodehydration of 2-(O-aminophenyl)ethanol in a liquid phase, in which 2- A method for producing indoline, which comprises cyclodehydrating (O-aminophenyl)ethanol.
JP2853582A 1982-02-24 1982-02-24 Preparation of indoline Granted JPS58146563A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2853582A JPS58146563A (en) 1982-02-24 1982-02-24 Preparation of indoline

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2853582A JPS58146563A (en) 1982-02-24 1982-02-24 Preparation of indoline

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS58146563A JPS58146563A (en) 1983-09-01
JPH0222746B2 true JPH0222746B2 (en) 1990-05-21

Family

ID=12251356

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2853582A Granted JPS58146563A (en) 1982-02-24 1982-02-24 Preparation of indoline

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS58146563A (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4833255A (en) * 1984-05-16 1989-05-23 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Process for the preparation of indoline
JPS63211264A (en) * 1987-02-27 1988-09-02 Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd Production of indolines

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52142063A (en) * 1976-05-19 1977-11-26 Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd Preparation of indoles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS58146563A (en) 1983-09-01

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