JPH02230395A - Device for testing function of scattered light type smoke sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To execute the test of the function of a smoke sensor with a remote operation by providing an optical system for smoke detection and an optical system for test, and a circuit to measure synthetic light receiving output by adding the light receiving output of the optical system for smoke detection and that of the optical system for test. CONSTITUTION:A photoelectric element 8 for test is connected to the amplifier circuit 7 of the optical system for smoke detection via change-over switches 6 and 5. The change-over switch 5 is connected to a contact 5b by a control instruction from a receiver, etc., and the synthetic light receiving output in which the output of the photoelectric element 8 for smoke detection and that of a photoelectric element 8 for test are added, after being inputted to and amplified at an amplifier circuit 7, is outputted to a switching circuit 9. And monitoring for fire to discriminate the presence/absence of the occurrence of the fire by the light receiving output of the optical system for smoke detection and function monitoring to discriminate whether or not the function is normal by the synthetic light receiving output in which the light receiving output of the optical system for smoke detection and that of the optical system for test are added are switched periodically. Thereby, it is possible to easily perform the operating/inoperating test of smoke sensor, and to discriminate the normalcy/abnormality of a sensing function.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a functional test device for a scattered light type smoke detector. Scattered light smoke detectors can cause false alarms if the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element or the light-receiving surface of the photoelectric element becomes dirty, and false alarms can occur if the inner wall of the dark box for smoke detection becomes dirty. Therefore, the functions of scattered light smoke detectors are required to be periodically inspected by law, and inspections are conventionally performed using the following method. In other words, there is a method in which smoke is applied to a smoke detector installed on the ceiling etc. using a smoke tester, and the pass or fail is determined by whether the smoke detector operates within a predetermined time. This method involves removing it and setting it in a smoke detector sensitivity tester, and using this tester to determine whether the smoke detection sensitivity is within the normal range. However, in the former case, the person who operates the humidification tester at the place where the smoke detector is installed and the receiving ELL side check whether the smoke detector is working or not. ．． In addition to requiring at least two people to make the determination, there are problems such as the method of communication between the smoke detector installation location and the receiver, and the fact that the smoke detector may be contaminated by the smoke generated from the smoke tester. be. In the latter case, the smoke detectors installed on the ceiling etc. must be removed one by one for inspection, which is time-consuming and may result in poor contact due to insufficient installation after the inspection. This may cause forgetfulness. In view of the above points, the present invention provides a device that allows a single person to perform a functional test of a smoke detector by remote control from the installation location of a receiver or repeater without having to go to the installation location of the smoke detector. The purpose is to The other purpose is to accurately check the function of smoke detectors and to ensure that there are no gaps in smoke detectors through functional tests. The present invention provides a smoke detection optical system comprising a smoke detection light emitting element and a smoke detection photoelectric element provided in a position that does not directly receive light from the smoke detection light emitting element; A test optical system consisting of a test light-emitting element that emits light and a test photoelectric element that directly receives the light output of the light-emitting element and is disposed at a position not affected by external light; A dark box in which the optical axis of at least the smoke detection optical system of both optical systems is located; and a smoke detection photoelectric element of the smoke detection optical system and a test photoelectric element of the test optical system are connected, and the smoke detection This is a circuit that calculates the light receiving output of the optical system for smoke detection by 2111 and the light receiving output of the test optical system, and measures the combined light receiving output. , a circuit that periodically learns and performs function monitoring to determine whether the function is normal or not based on a composite light reception output obtained by adding the light reception output of the smoke detection optical system and the light reception output of the test optical system; The aim is to achieve the above objective by having the following. A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, 1 is a light emitting circuit, and 2 is a smoke detection light emitting element. Light from the smoke detection light emitting element 2 hits smoke and is diffusely reflected, and the light is received by a smoke detection photoelectric element 3. The detection photoelectric element 3 is connected to an amplifier circuit 7 via a changeover switch 5, and the amplifier circuit 7 is further connected to a switching circuit 9.
Connect to. A light shielding plate 4 is provided between the smoke detection light emitting element 2 and the smoke detection photoelectric element 3 to prevent the smoke detection photoelectric element 3 from directly receiving the light from the smoke detection light emitting element 2. Reference numeral 8 denotes a photoelectric element for testing, which is installed in a position where it can directly receive the light output of the light emitting element 2 for smoke detection and is not affected by external light. The test photoelectric element 8 is connected to the amplifier circuit 7 of the smoke detection optical system via the changeover switch 6 and the changeover switch 5. Next, to explain the 1t operation of this embodiment, the changeover switch 5 composed of a fire monitoring relay etc. has a contact 5a.
, and every time the smoke detection light emitting element 2 issues (
In case of pulsed emission method, always in case of continuous emission method)
Diffusely reflected light (internal noise light) is generated on the inner wall surface of the dark box (not shown), and the smoke detection photoelectric element 3 receives this internal noise light to generate a noise light output, and only this output is input to the amplifier circuit 7. When smoke enters the dark box (not shown), scattered light is generated by the smoke, and the smoke detection photoelectric element 3 generates a light receiving output that is the sum of the light receiving output of the internal noise light and the light receiving output of the light scattered by the smoke, and this light receiving output is When the fire level is reached, the switching circuit 9
It vibrates and sends out a fire signal. This is the normal state of a smoke detector. Assuming that this detector sends out a fire signal at a smoke density of 10%, and the intensity of the internal noise light corresponds to the amount of smoke density of 5%, under normal conditions it would be as shown in Figure 2 (A). Since the internal noise light N is 5%, when the smoke density S reaches 10%, the sum becomes 15%, which reaches the fire level, and the switching circuit 9 is activated to send out a fire signal. However, if the light-receiving surface of the smoke detection photoelectric element 3 becomes dirty and the light-receiving output of the internal noise light N decreases to 25% as shown in FIG. Dark 11
11'S is required to be 125% (in reality, the reduction due to contamination is required, so it is more than 12.5?'), and the inner wall surface of the clear box becomes dirty, as shown in Figure 2 (C). When the internal noise light N increases to 7.5%, the smoke density S reaches 7.5% and the received light output reaches the fire level. Therefore, the standard level of the normal state is 5% of the smoke intensity conversion value of the internal noise light, and the normal level range is within ±25% of that value, or 5 ± 2.5%, and the internal noise light is the smoke density conversion value II. ! 2
．． When the internal noise light becomes 5% or less (lower limit of normal level), it is considered a false alarm state, and when the internal noise light becomes 7.5% or more (normal level upper limit) of the smoke concentration conversion value, it is considered a false alarm state.
Furthermore, when the internal noise light is between the lower and upper limits of the normal level, it is considered to be in poor normal condition. In order to determine this condition, a non-r%'#J test and an operation test are performed. That is, in response to a control command from a receiver or repeater (not shown), the changeover switch 5 is connected to the contact 5b, and the output of the test photoelectric element 8 and the smoke detection photoelectric element 3 output are added to the amplifier circuit 7. The combined light reception output is input, amplified, and then output to the switching circuit 9. At this time, if a solar cell is used as the photoelectric element, the contacts 6a and 6b of the changeover switch 6, which is composed of a relay or the like in FIG. Resistors R with different resistance values,
, R, are connected, and the output of the test photoelectric element 8 is adjusted by switching each one using the changeover switch 6. During the non-fY dynamic test, the resistance value of resistor R is adjusted to prevent the smoke concentration from being added to the light receiving output of the test photoelectric element 8 even when the internal noise light receiving output is close to the upper limit of the normal level, so that it does not reach the fire level. The converted value is adjusted to 7.5%, and during the operation test, when the internal noise light reception output of the buried detection photoelectric element 3 is slightly lower than the lower limit of the normal level, the light reception of the test photoelectric element 8 is adjusted. To prevent the output from adding up and reaching the fire level, adjust the resistance value of resistor R2 so that it becomes 125% in terms of smoke and roar intensity conversion value. When the composite light reception output is at the non-operation level during the non-operation test, a normal signal is output, and t'P is output.
When the combined light receiving output is at the operating level, an abnormality signal is sent to a receiver (not shown), and when the combined light receiving output is at the operating level, an abnormal signal is sent to the receiver, and when it is at the operating level, a normal signal is sent to the receiver. etc. By switching the selector switch 6 and the selector switch 5 with a control command from the receiver in this way, it is possible to easily perform a single-movement and non-movement test of the smoke detector to determine whether the sensing function is normal or abnormal. ．． Even when an element other than a solar cell is used as a photoelectric element, by changing the method of switching the output of the 8 test photoelectric elements, it is possible to determine whether the sensing function is normal or abnormal in the same way as described above. In addition, a light emitting element 2 for smoke detection and a photoelectric element 8 for testing
It is also possible to freely select the installation position of the test photoelectric element 8 by connecting it with an optical path such as an optical fiber as shown by the dotted line in the figure. In addition, if an address circuit consisting of an oscillator with a different frequency is provided for each smoke detector, and the signal output from the sensor is modulated,
It is possible to determine which sensor the signal is coming from. Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be explained using No. 312I. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that a comparator circuit 10 is connected to the amplifier circuit 7, and a memory circuit 1 is connected to the comparator circuit 10.
1, and usually performs both fire monitoring and functional inspection.
The function test results are stored in memory, and when a test signal is received from a receiver (not shown), a normal signal or an abnormal signal is sent out based on the memory of the function test results. That is, the relay 12 normally turns on and off repeatedly, opening and closing the switch 13. Since the switch 13 is in the closed state when the relay 12 is off, the amplifier circuit 7 receives only the light reception output of the smoke detection photoelectric element 3 for fire monitoring, and when the relay 12 is on, the switch 13 is in the closed state. is in the open state, the composite light receiving output obtained by adding the light receiving output of the test photoelectric element 8 to the light receiving output of the smoke detection photoelectric element 3 is input, a functional test is performed, and the test results are stored in the memory circuit 1.
Store in 1. The function determination is performed by the comparison circuit 10, and determines whether the received light output of the amplifier circuit 7 has reached the lower limit of the normal level range, which is the false alarm level, or whether it has reached the upper limit of the normal level range, which is the false alarm level. Determine whether or not. When a test signal is received from a receiver (or repeater), etc. (not shown), the relay 12 is turned on, the switch 13 is opened, and the light reception outputs of the smoke detection photoelectric element 3 and the test photoelectric element 8 are added to the amplifier circuit 7. and enter it. At this time, the received light output was within the normal level range until just before that, and
If all the circuits are normal, a normal signal is sent to the receiver, but if the previous light reception output is in a false alarm state, an abnormal signal with a repetition frequency different from the normal signal is sent to the receiver. In addition, if the previous light reception output is in a state of failure, an abnormal signal is sent to the receiver, etc. Note that, for example, if the light emitting element 2 stops emitting light due to a disconnection or the like, and both the smoke detection photoelectric element 3 and the test photoelectric element 8 no longer produce light reception output, or if the suizoting circuit 15 breaks down, the receiver etc. Even if a test signal is received, no signal is sent to the receiver, etc. (no signal), so it is possible to know if the sensor is malfunctioning.

Therefore, the return status from the sensor that sent the test signal at the receiver or repeater is a normal signal (normal status), an abnormal signal (missing alarm status, false alarm status), or no signal (failure). By determining whether the smoke detector
When the received light output reaches the fire level, it activates and sends out a fire signal. In Figure 3, parts with the same drawing numbers as in Figure 1 are as follows:
Its functions are the same as the corresponding reference numbers in Figure 1. Further, a third embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. In FIG. 4, 21 is a light emitting circuit, 22 is a light emitting element for smoke detection, and the light emitting element 22 is connected in series with a test light emitting element 24 provided with a switch 23 in parallel. A changeover switch 25 is provided between the smoke detection light emitting element 22 and the light emitting circuit 21 to change the light emitting current. receiving light, the photoelectric element 26 is connected to an amplifier circuit 27,
Further, the amplifier circuit 27 is connected to a switching circuit 28. A light shielding plate 29 is provided between the smoke detection light emitting element 22 and the photoelectric element 26 to prevent direct reception of light from the smoke detection light emitting element 22. Furthermore, an optical path 30 such as an optical fiber is provided so that the photoelectric element 26 can directly receive the light from the test light emitting element 24. Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained. During fire monitoring, the oval switch 23 is closed, and the changeover switch 25, which is a relay, is connected to the contact 25a, and the smoke detection light emitting element is closed. Every time 22 emits light (in the case of the pulsed light emitting method, and constantly in the case of the continuous light emitting method), diffuse reflection (internal noise light) occurs on the inner wall surface of the dark box (not shown), and the photoelectric element 26 for smoke detection detects this internal noise light. is received and generates a noise optical output, and only this output is input to the amplifier circuit 27. That is, since the resistor Ra connected to the contact 25a of the changeover switch 25 is used as the light emitting current limiting resistance of the light emitting element 22 for smoke detection during fire monitoring, the light emitting element 2 for testing during fire monitoring is
4 does not emit light due to the closure of the switch 23, and only the smoke detection light emitting element 22 emits light. When smoke enters a clear box (not shown), scattered light is generated due to the smoke in the light emission output of the smoke detection light emitting element 22, and the smoke detection photoelectric element 26 adds the light reception output of the scattered light due to the smoke to the light reception output of the internal noise light. When the output of the amplifier circuit 27, which is amplified by the amplifier circuit 27, reaches a fire level, the switching circuit 28 is activated to send out a fire signal. This is the normal state of this sensor, and the smoke detection light emitting element 22 is activated by the fifth light emitting current supplied through the resistor Ra.
It emits light with the amount of light shown in Figure (1) (a). At this time, if the smoke detection photoelectric element 26 is functioning normally and the intensity of the internal noise light is within the normal level range, then
) When the light reception output shown in (a) is generated, and the internal noise light increases due to the accumulation of dust on the wall inside the dark box, the light reception output of the smoke detection photoelectric element 26 will be as shown in FIG. 5 (5) (a). If the light-receiving surface of the smoke detection photoelectric element 26 becomes dirty, the light-receiving output becomes as shown in FIG. 5 (6) (a). The switch 23 is activated by a control command or the like from a receiver (not shown).
When opened, the test light emitting element 24 emits light together with the smoke detection light emitting element 22, and the light output of the test light emitting element 24 is received by the smoke detection photoelectric element 26 via the optical path 30. The output of the received light is input to an amplifier circuit 27, amplified, and then output to a switching circuit 28. The function of this sensor is tested by connecting the contacts 25b and 25c of the changeover switch 25, which is composed of a relay or the like, to different resistances Rb. The light emitting current is adjusted by connecting Rc and switching each using the changeover switch 25. The failure of the FV-dynamic test is determined when the light output of the smoke detection photoelectric element 26 during fire monitoring is close to the upper limit of the normal level as shown in Figure 5 (3) (a). Make sure that the output does not reach the fire level (in addition, if the received light output during fire monitoring slightly exceeds the upper limit of the normal level as shown in Figure 5 (5), the received light output during the test should be The resistance Rb is adjusted so as to reach the fire level, and in the case of the f-dynamic test, the light reception output of the smoke detection photoelectric element 26 during fire monitoring reaches the lower limit of the normal level as shown in Figure 5 (4) (a). If the light receiving output during the test is near the fire level, and the light receiving output during the fire monitoring is as shown in Fig. 5 (6).
As shown in (a), when the lower limit of the normal level is less than 1, adjust the resistor Rc to FI so that the received light output during the test does not reach the fire level. In the case of a non-operation test, the changeover switch 25 is connected to the contact 25b, and a light emitting current f is supplied to the smoke detection light emitting element 22 and the test light emitting element 24 through the resistor Rb. At this time, the light emitting element 22 for smoke detection emits light with the amount of light shown in FIG. 5 (l) (υ), and the light emitting element 24 for testing emits light with the amount of light shown in FIG. The child 26 is the test light emitting element 2.
If the function is normal, the direct light from 4 and the wall diffused reflection light emitted from the light emitting element 22 for smoke detection are received. If the situation is such that the internal noise light increases, the light receiving output as shown in Fig. 5 (5) will be produced, and if the light receiving surface of the smoke detection photoelectric element 26 is dirty, the light receiving output will be as shown in Figure 5 (5). 6) Produces the light receiving output shown in Figure 5. For operation tests, select switch 2.
5 is connected to the contact 25b and the contact 25c, and supplies a light emitting current to the smoke detection light emitting element 22 and the test light emitting element 24 through the resistor Rb and the resistor Rc. At this time, the smoke detection photoelectric element 22 emits light with the amount of light shown in Figures 5 (1) and (8), and the test light emitting element 24 emits light with the amount of light shown in Figure 511Z (2) (A). The smoke detection photoelectric element 26 receives light from both the light emitting elements 22 and 24, and if the function is normal, the light reception output shown in Fig. 5 (3), (4), and (8) is generated, and the internal noise light increases. If the light-receiving surface of the photoelectric element 26 is dirty, the light-receiving output shown in Figure 5 (5) will be produced, and if the light-receiving surface of the photoelectric element 26 is dirty, the light-receiving output will be as shown in Figure 5 (6).
It produces the light receiving output shown in 8). Then, when the combined light receiving output is at the 1st shift level during the inactive FV motion test, a normal signal is sent out, and when it is at the 1st shift level, an abnormal signal is sent to the receiver (not shown).
- During IJJ t& testing, if the combined light reception output is at the non-1Y movement level, an abnormal signal is received, and when it is at the IY movement level, a normal signal is received and sent out. In this way, by switching the switch 23 and changeover switch 25 with the $qlltll command from the receiver, the smoke detector ('
It is possible to perform a P motion inactivation test to determine whether the sensing function is normal or abnormal. It should be noted that the failure alarm conditions and false alarm conditions are the same as in the first embodiment. Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. The difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is that a comparison circuit 31 is connected to the amplifier circuit 27, and a storage circuit 31 is further connected to the comparison circuit 31.
2, and usually performs both fire monitoring and functional inspection.
The function test results are stored, and when a test signal is received from a receiver (not shown), a normal signal or an abnormal signal is sent out based on the stored function test results. Since this embodiment is basically the same as the second embodiment (FIG. 3) except for the configuration of the light emitting section and the light receiving section, detailed explanation will be omitted. That is, normally, a relay (not shown) repeatedly turns on and off to open and close the switch 23. When the relay is off, the selector switch 25 is connected to the contact 25a, and a large luminous current I flows through the resistor Ra. At this time, the switch 23 is closed, so the test light emitting element 24 becomes short-circuited, and the light emitting current I1 flows only through the smoke detection light emitting element 22, resulting in a large amount of light emission. Noise light caused by this light is received by a smoke detection photoelectric element 26, and the output of the received light is input to an amplifier circuit 27. When the relay is turned on, the switch 23 is opened, the short circuit of the test light emitting element 24 is released, and the changeover switch 25 is connected to the contact 25b, causing a small current to flow through the resistor Rb.
The light emitting element 22 for smoke detection and the light emitting element 24 for testing are flooded with the light emitting element 24. This light emitting current I2 causes the smoke detection light emitting element 22 and the test light emitting element 24 to emit light with a small amount of light,
The smoke detection photoelectric element 26 receives the noise light emitted by the smoke detection light emitting element 22 and the direct light from the test light emitting element 24, and inputs a combined light reception output to the amplifier 27. In addition, in the figure, 21 is a light emitting circuit, 28 is a switching circuit,
29 is a light shielding plate, and 30 is an optical path such as an optical fiber. In addition, in the third and fourth examples, the test light emitting device 2
Although the light of No. 4 is guided to the photoelectric element 26 by the optical path 29, the light emitting element 24 may be placed opposite to the photoelectric element 26 so that the light is directly supplied to the photoelectric element 26 without going through the optical path 29. The present invention includes a smoke detection optical system, a test optical system, and a circuit that adds the light reception output of the smoke detection optical system and the light reception output of the test optical system to measure the combined light reception output. There is no need to remove the smoke detector from the ceiling or add smoke to the smoke detector. Therefore, only one person can receive it! You can test the functionality of smoke detectors by operating the machine. In addition, since the test is conducted without adding smoke, there is no contamination of the light-receiving surface of the photoelectric element. Furthermore, since the present invention has the above-described configuration, it is not only possible to simply determine whether a smoke detector is normal or abnormal, but also whether the abnormal state is a missed alarm state, a false alarm state, or whether the sensor is malfunctioning or a light emitting element is disconnected. You can accurately judge whether or not. Furthermore, fire monitoring and functional monitoring can be performed alternately, that is, functional monitoring can be performed periodically at all times. As a result, functional monitoring is carried out in parallel with fire monitoring, so functional monitoring is virtually always carried out.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1, 3, 4t21, and 6 are block diagrams showing different embodiments of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between smoke density and fire level in the embodiment of Figure 1. , FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the amount of light emitted by the light emitting device of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the light receiving output of the photoelectric device, and the fire level. 22... Smoke detection light emitting element 24...
・・・ Light emitting device for testing

Claims (9)

[Claims] (1) A smoke detection optical system consisting of a smoke detection light emitting element and a smoke detection photoelectric element provided in a position that does not directly receive light from the light emitting element; emitting light in synchronization with the light emission of the smoke detection light emitting element; a test optical system consisting of a test light-emitting element to be tested, and a test photoelectric element that directly receives the light output of the light-emitting element and is disposed at a position not affected by external light; A dark box in which at least the optical axis of the smoke detection optical system of both optical systems is located; and a smoke detection photoelectric element of the smoke detection optical system and a test photoelectric element of the test optical system are connected, and the smoke detection A circuit for adding the light receiving output of the optical system and the light receiving output of the test optical system and measuring the combined light receiving output, the fire monitoring circuit for determining whether or not a fire has occurred based on the light receiving output of the smoke detection optical system; and a circuit that periodically switches between function monitoring to determine whether the function is normal or not based on the combined light reception output obtained by adding the light reception output of the smoke detection optical system and the light reception output of the test optical system. A functional test device for scattered light smoke detectors featuring: (2) The function testing device for a scattered light smoke sensor according to claim 1, wherein one light emitting element serves both as a light emitting element for smoke detection and a light emitting element for testing. (3) Claim 1, characterized in that one photoelectric element serves both as a smoke detection photoelectric element and a test photoelectric element.
A functional test device for a scattered light smoke detector as described in Section 1. (4) A functional test device for a scattered light smoke sensor as set forth in claim 1, comprising a light emitting circuit in which a light emitting element for smoke detection and a light emitting element for testing are connected in series. (5) The light emitting circuit supplies light emitting current to the test light emitting element through the smoke detection light emitting element only during the test to cause the test light emitting element to emit light, and the light emitting current is different from that during fire monitoring. A function testing device for a scattered light smoke detector according to claim 2. (6) Function of the scattered light smoke detector according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the test light emitting element has a short circuit connected in parallel. Test equipment. (7) The short circuit is periodically opened and closed, and the circuit for measuring the combined light reception output performs fire monitoring when the short circuit is closed and functions monitoring when it is opened. Function test equipment for scattered light smoke detectors. (8) The circuit that measures the combined light reception output supplies a light emitting current only to the smoke detection light emitting element during fire monitoring, and supplies a smaller light emitting current to the test light emitting element through the smoke detection light emitting element during function monitoring than during fire monitoring. A function testing device for a scattered light smoke detector according to any one of claims 1 or 4 to 7, characterized in that the device is provided with: (9) The circuit that measures the combined light reception output receives a test signal from a receiver, etc. If the function monitoring result immediately before receiving the test signal is normal, it will output a normal signal, and if it is abnormal, it will output an abnormal signal as a function monitoring result to the receiver, etc. A function testing device for a scattered light smoke detector according to claim 1, 7, or 8, wherein the function test device is configured to send out a function test device for a scattered light smoke detector.