JPH0223745B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an automatic transmission for a vehicle, and more particularly to an automatic transmission for a vehicle in which a parallel shaft gear type transmission is hydraulically controlled.

(Prior Art) With the spread of automobiles, automatic transmission systems that automate the operation of clutches and transmissions have become popular in order to simplify driving operations.

This automatic transmission system does not require normal clutch or gear shifting operations; for example, once the control lever is in the drive position, all you have to do is operate the accelerator and brake pedals to start. The gear changes automatically depending on the driving conditions at the time, from acceleration to high speed to deceleration to stop.

The mechanism of such an automatic transmission also uses electronic devices in various parts, although only partially.For example,
A shift position detector for detecting the operation position of the shift operation mechanism is installed in the shift mechanism for selecting the shift position of the transmission, and this shift position detector is configured with an electronic switch consisting of a reed switch. For example, it is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 126468/1983. In addition, in order to electrically detect the position of a chain gear in an automobile, etc., a potentiometer is connected to the lever of the hydraulic system, and the voltage output from the potentiometer is compared with multiple comparators. When the output voltage is within the voltage range set for these comparators, the comparator is configured to output a position signal, and position detection is performed electronically instead of conventionally using a micro switch. A device that performs detection is described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 49-94019.

By the way, when a fluid pressure actuator is used to shift the gears of a parallel shaft gear type automatic transmission, if the fluid actuator is moved to its full operating stroke during the gear shifting operation and maintained in that state, the gear shifting operation is completed. This has the disadvantage that excessive force is applied to the gears and shafts of the rear transmission, causing rapid wear of the gears and shafts within the transmission, resulting in extremely poor durability. Therefore, it becomes necessary to devise a way to hold the actuator in a free position where no force is applied to the gears or shafts after the shift/select is performed by fluid manipulation.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the conventional device, since there was no good device for accurately measuring the position of the actuator, the actuator operation stopped before the shift/select operation was completed. This often results in operational errors such as shifting or selecting not being completed completely, resulting in failure to change gears or damage to clutch sleeves, gears, etc. due to incomplete gear changes. was.

Furthermore, the sensors described in the above two publications detect the position in stages, and even if these technologies are directly applied to parallel shaft gear type automatic transmissions, A smooth gear shifting operation cannot be expected, and the actuator cannot be accurately stopped at a free position after a gear shifting operation.

The present invention is intended to improve the above-mentioned drawbacks, and its purpose is to smoothly perform gear switching in a parallel shaft gear type transmission by controlling an electronic control device, and also to improve gear switching when controlled by a fluid. An object of the present invention is to provide an automatic transmission for a vehicle in which the operating position of an actuator can be accurately known and the position can be precisely controlled.

(Means for Solving the Problems) According to the present invention, the shift lever of the parallel shaft transmission and the piston of the shift actuator are connected, and the select lever and the piston of the select actuator are connected, In an automatic transmission for a vehicle that performs a gear shift operation of the parallel shaft type transmission by the operation of both pistons, an operating position detector is connected to each of the pistons and continuously detects the operating positions of the shift lever and the select lever. means, operating position setting means for storing in advance operating positions of the shift lever and select lever at each shift position of the parallel shaft gear type transmission, continuous operating positions detected by the operating position detecting means and the operating position setting. fluid pressure control means for comparing the operating position stored in the means and operating the select actuator and the shift actuator until the continuous operating position matches the stored operating position; It is possible to provide an automatic transmission for a vehicle, characterized in that it has an operation prohibiting means that stores the operating limit positions of the shift lever and the select lever, and prohibits the operation of the shift lever and the select lever beyond the operating limit positions.

(Function) When a parallel shaft gear type automatic transmission is operated to change gears, position detection means provided in the shift direction and select direction of the automatic transmission constantly monitor the positions of these actuators, and these actuators are electronically controlled in advance. When the optimum stop position stored in the device is reached, the gear shifting operation is stopped. Furthermore,
When the actuator operates up to the operating limit position set for each transmission, the operation of the actuator is forcibly stopped to prevent damage to the transmission.

(Example) Next, an example of the present invention will be described in detail using the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing an engine and a transmission of a vehicle. In the figure, 1 is a gasoline engine, 1a is its throttle actuator, and 1b is a throttle valve. 2 is a clutch, and 3 is a clutch actuator for operating the clutch, which includes a clutch drive device 4 and a clutch control device 5. 6 is a parallel shaft gear type transmission, and 7 is a transmission actuator that changes the gear ratio of the transmission 6. 9 is a wheel drive mechanism, which includes a propeller shaft, a universal joint, a final reduction gear, etc. 10 is a rotation sensor disposed in the wheel drive mechanism 9. 11
The position switch 12 is switched by the control lever for drive operation, and the signal emitted from this position switch 12 is sent to the electronic control device 1.
Sent to 3. Then, in response to this signal, the electronic control device 13 gives a signal according to the position of the control lever 11 to the transmission actuator 7, and the transmission actuator 7 switches the gear ratio of the transmission 6 in accordance with the signal. 14 is an accelerator pedal, 15 is a throttle control device, 16 is a potentiometer that detects the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal 14, and 17 is an idling switch. The throttle control device 15 has a drive section 15a that drives the throttle 1b and a control section 15b that controls the throttle 1b.The throttle control device 15 determines the depression position of the accelerator pedal 14 based on a signal from a potentiometer 16. The opening degree of the throttle valve 1b is controlled accordingly. The electronic control device 13 includes a read-only memory 13a that stores necessary data such as a sequence program for controlling engine operation, transmission gear switching control data, clutch, and switching control data to be described later, as well as calculation results, input data, etc. a readable/writable data memory 13b for storing;
It has a control memory 13c that stores a control program, a processing device 13d that performs calculations and other data processing under the control of the control program and sequence program, and an input/output interface circuit 13e. In this invention, the electronic control unit 13 not only controls engine control parameters such as fuel supply amount, ignition timing, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) according to the operating conditions, but also controls the clutch and transmission. It also controls gear switching. Therefore, in addition to the clutch switching data, the read-only memory 13a stores detailed data for controlling gear switching of the transmission.

The electronic control unit 13 sequentially captures the outputs of the potentiometer 16, position switch 12, and rotation sensor 10 into the data memory 13b via the input/output interface circuit 13e, and stores the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal 14 indicated by the captured data. The processing device 13d calculates and determines the optimum gear ratio according to the instruction of the control lever 11 and the rotation speed of the engine 1, and stores the corresponding gear switching control data and clutch switching control data from the read-only memory 13a. It is read out and output to the transmission actuator 7 and clutch actuator 3 via the input/output interface circuit 13e. Based on this data, the transmission actuator 7 and clutch actuator 3 are driven, and the transmission 6 and clutch 2 are operated to perform a gear change. The electronic control unit 13 constantly takes in the relevant data, determines the gear ratio, and outputs control data, and always controls the gear ratio of the transmission 6 to be optimal. Second
The figure is a configuration diagram mainly showing the internal configuration of the transmission actuator 7 according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram in which the transmission actuator 7 and the transmission 6 are combined.
In the figure, 21 is a hydraulic pressure generator including an oil pump, which outputs a constant pressure oil. 22 is a filter. 23 is a normally closed electromagnetic valve, 24 is a relief valve, 25 is a select actuator of the transmission, and 26 is a shift actuator of the transmission. 27 to 30 are all normally closed electromagnetic valves, and among these, electromagnetic valves 27 and 2 are normally closed type electromagnetic valves.
Reference numeral 8 controls the select actuator 25, and electromagnetic valves 29 and 30 control the shift actuator 26. The select actuator 25 has a cylinder 25a, and a piston 25b that moves in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder 25a is disposed in the cylinder 25a. A rod 25c is attached to one end of the piston 25b, and its tip is connected to an end 34b of a select lever 34 for switching gears of a transmission 6, which will be described later. A rod 2 is attached to the other end of the piston 25b.
A rod 25d having a cross-sectional area larger than that of 5c is attached, the end of which projects outwardly from the cylinder 25a. The shift actuator 26 has a cylinder 26a, and a piston 26b that moves in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder 26a has a rod 26c attached to one end, and the tip of the rod 26c is connected to the transmission 6, which will be described later. It is connected to a shift lever 31 for changing gears. A rod 26 is attached to the other end of the piston 26b.
Rod 2 with a cross-sectional area larger than the cross-sectional area of c
6d is attached, the end of which projects outwardly from the cylinder 26a. At the tip of the rod 25d is a position sensor 40 that detects the position of the piston 25b, that is, the rotational position of the select lever 34.
is provided. The position sensor 40 is the rod 25
It is composed of a reading element 40a provided at d and a fixed position scale 40b. Also, Rod 26
At the tip of d, there is a position sensor 4 that detects the position of the piston 26b, that is, the rotational position of the shift lever 31.
1 is provided. The position sensor 41 is composed of a reading element 41a provided on the rod 26d and a position scale 41b.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the transmission mechanism of the transmission 6 is provided with a select lever 34 and a shift lever 31. The select lever 34 is a rotating shaft 34
The end 34d of the select lever 34 is connected to the rod 25c of the actuator 25 as described above, and when the end 34d is rotated in the SEL direction, the other end 34e
It also rotates. Since the other end 34e is provided with a pin 34c that engages with the engagement groove 32a of the shift lever shaft 32, the shaft 32 moves in its axial direction (Y direction) by rotation of the other end 34e.
On the other hand, the shift lever 31 is spline-fitted to the shift lever shaft 32 and rotates together with the shift lever shaft 32, but is configured to be relatively movable in the axial direction, and the rotation of the shift lever 31 causes the shaft 32 to rotate. do. Since the shift lever 31 is connected to the rod 26c of the actuator 26, the operation of the actuator 26 causes the shift lever 31 to rotate, and therefore the shaft 32 to rotate. An internal lever 33 is fixed to the shaft 32, and the internal lever 33 is moved and rotated in the SEL direction by the select lever 34 and in the SIL direction by the shift lever 31. Internal lever 3
The tips of 3 are shift rods 36a, 36b, 36c
shift blocks 35a, 35 respectively fixed to
It is engaged with either of the engagement grooves b and 35c,
As the select lever 34 rotates, it moves within the engagement grooves of the shift blocks 35a, 35b, and 35c, and remains in the engagement groove of any one of the shift blocks. Further, the engaged shift lever block is moved in the direction of arrow X by the rotation of the shift lever 31. Each of the shift rods 36a, 36b, and 36c is provided with a shift fork 37 for moving a clutch sleeve (not shown), so when the shift block moves, the shift rod also moves, and the shift fork moves to operate the clutch sleeve to achieve the desired shift. The gears are engaged, and the previous gear engagement is released to perform a gear change. That is, if the select lever 34 can take three positions by rotation and the shift lever 31 can take three positions by rotation, the internal lever 33 can take three positions in the Y direction and three positions in the X direction. The Y position of the internal lever 33 can be
Three shift blocks 35 depending on the position of the direction
One of a, 35b, and 35c is selected and moved in the X direction, that is, in the shift direction, according to the position of the internal lever 33 in the X direction. This is the third
Corresponding to the positional relationship of the manually operated change lever in Figure C, the forward positions 1st, 2nd, 3rd,
4th, 5th, retreat position Rev, neutral position N ₁ ,
The internal lever 33 corresponds to nine positions N ₂ and N ₃ , and the internal lever 33 is moved to these nine positions by driving the shift lever 31 in the X direction and driving the select lever 34 in the Y direction.
It moves along a path combined in a double H shape that connects the two positions, and remains stably at one of the nine positions. For example, if the internal lever 33 is currently in the neutral position _N2 and you want to select the 1st gear, move the internal lever 33 that rotates the select lever 34 to the left in the downward Y direction, and then move the internal lever 33 that rotates the select lever 34 to the left, The selection of the 1st gear is completed by rotating the internal lever 33 to the left and moving the shift block 35c to the left in the figure.

Next, the operation of the transmission actuator according to the present invention will be explained.

Assume that the internal lever 33 is now in the neutral position _N2 . To move the internal lever 33 in the Y downward direction, the electromagnetic valve 28 is energized and closed. Then, when the electromagnetic valve 23 is energized and opened, the oil sent from the hydraulic pressure generator 21 enters the right side of the cylinder 25a of the select actuator 25. For this reason, the piston 25b
moves to the left until it reaches the leftmost position and stops. Therefore, the select lever 34 rotates to the left and shifts the shift shaft 32 and internal lever 33 to Y.
Move it downward. This movement of the piston 25b is detected by the position sensor 40 and sent to the electronic control unit 13 every moment. To maintain this state, it is sufficient to close the electromagnetic valve 23. This position is the neutral position _N1 of FIG. 3C.
To move from this position to neutral positions N ₂ and N ₃ , the piston 25b is moved to the right. That is, the electromagnetic valve 27 is closed and the electromagnetic valve 28 is closed.
Remove the excitation and return it to the open state. and,
When the electromagnetic valve 23 is opened, oil enters both sides of the piston 25b. Since the pressure receiving area on the right side of the piston 25b is smaller than the pressure receiving area on the left side, a force pushing the piston 25b in the right direction acts, and the piston 25b starts moving in the same direction.

It then stops when it reaches the rightmost end. That is, the neutral position _N3 . This piston 25b
The movement of is detected by the position sensor 40 in the same manner as described above, and is sent to the electronic control unit 13 every moment. To maintain this state, the electromagnetic valve 23 is closed.

In order to stop at the neutral position N ₂ between the neutral positions N ₁ and N ₃ , the position sensor 40 is used.
This output indicates that the piston 25b has reached the intermediate position of the cylinder 25a, and the electronic control unit 13
When detecting this, it controls the electromagnetic valve 23 to close and stops the piston 25b.

On the other hand, in order to move the internal lever 33 in the X left direction, the electromagnetic valve 30 is energized and closed. Then, when the electromagnetic valve 23 is energized and opened, the oil sent from the hydraulic pressure generator 21 enters the right side of the cylinder 26a of the shift actuator 26. Therefore, the piston 26b moves to the left,
It reaches the extreme left and stops. Therefore, shift lever 3
1 to the left to rotate the shift shaft 32 and internal lever 33 to the left. This position varies depending on the position in the Y direction.
This is one of the 1st, 3rd, and 5th forward positions in Figure C.
This movement of the piston 26b is detected by the position sensor 41 and sent to the electronic control device 13 every moment. To maintain this state, the electromagnetic valve 23 is closed. To move the piston 26b to the right from this position, the electromagnetic valve 29 is closed and the electromagnetic valve 30 is deenergized to return it to the open state. Then, when the electromagnetic valve 23 is opened, oil enters both sides of the piston 26b. Since the pressure receiving area on the right side of the piston 26b is smaller than the pressure receiving area on the left side, a force pushing the piston 26b in the right direction acts, and the piston 26b starts moving in the same direction. It reaches the rightmost edge and stops. This movement of the piston 26b is detected by the position sensor 41 in the same manner as described above, and is sent to the electronic control unit 13 every moment. To maintain this state, the electromagnetic valve 23 is closed.

This position varies depending on the position in the Y direction, and is the forward position 2nd, 4th, or the backward position Rev. Intermediate position in the X direction, that is, neutral position N ₁ , N ₂ , N ₃
In order to stop the position sensor 41, the output of the position sensor 41 is
This indicates that the piston 26b has reached the intermediate position of the cylinder 26a, and when the electronic control unit 13 detects this and controls the electromagnetic valve 23 to close, the piston 26b stops at the intermediate position. Such electromagnetic valves 23, 27, 28, 29, 30
Opening/closing control is performed by gear switching control data sent from the electronic control device 13.
3 performs holding force release control of the actuators 25 and 26, which will be described later, based on the outputs of the respective position sensors 40 and 41.

Note that in the above operation, the movement range of each piston, that is, the stroke length, differs for each transmission.
Therefore, the operating limit position, which is a stroke length unique to each transmission, is stored in the memory of the electronic control device, and the gear shifting operation is stopped when the piston reaches the operating limit position.

Although the above-described position sensors 40 and 41 are configured to read track signals on the position scale with a reading element, other sensors, such as potentiometers, may be used, or they may be configured to detect the positions of the rods 25c and 26c. It's okay.

Next, the overall operation of the automatic transmission for a vehicle will be explained using the diagram of the relationship between changes in gear position and each valve shown in FIG.

First, when the vehicle starts moving forward from a stopped state, the electronic control device 13 switches the position switch 1.
Receives drive command from 2 and returns to neutral position.
Change from N ₂ to forward position 1st and change gears. Electronic control device 13 is in neutral position
In order to shift from _N2 to position _N1 , only the four solenoid valves 27, 28, 29, 30 and the solenoid valve 28 are energized and closed, as shown in FIG.

In FIG. 4, "1" indicates energization and "0" indicates de-energization, indicating the relationship between energization and de-energization of each valve due to a change in each gear position. Also, during gear change, the electromagnetic valve 23 is energized and kept open. Therefore, the electronic control device 13 excites the electromagnetic valve 23 before the gear change.

When the electromagnetic valve 28 is closed, hydraulic pressure is applied to the right side of the piston 25b of the cylinder 25a of the select actuator 25, and the piston 25b moves to the left. And when it moves to the far left,
Internal lever 33 is in neutral position N ₁
This means that we have reached . When the electronic control unit 13 detects this based on the output of the position sensor 40,
Next, in order to set the position to 1st, the solenoid valve 30 is excited and closed, and the oil sent from the hydraulic pressure generating device 21 enters the right side of the piston 26b of the shift actuator 26 through the solenoid valve 23. The piston 26b moves to the left, moves to the leftmost end and stops, and this position is the 1st position.
When the electronic control device 13 detects this using the output of the position sensor 41, it de-energizes the electromagnetic valves 28 and 30, opens them, and opens all the electromagnetic valves 27 to 30 to eliminate unnecessary interference with the internal lever 33. Relax.

Further, the electronic control unit 13 de-energizes the electromagnetic valve 23, closes it, and completes the gear change.

Thereafter, when the engine speed increases and the electronic control unit 13 commands the transmission to switch to the 2nd position based on the output of the rotation sensor 10, the electronic control unit 13 excites the electromagnetic valve 23 and opens it. Then, the electronic control unit 13 operates the shift actuator 26 to return from the 1st position to the _N1 position. That is, when the electromagnetic valve 29 is energized and closed, the piston 2 of the shift actuator 26
6b moves to the right. At the same time, the output of the position sensor 41 is transmitted to the electronic control device 13. When the electronic control unit 13 detects that the position of the piston 26b has reached the _N1 position based on the output of the position sensor 28, the electronic control unit 13 moves the piston 26b from the _N1 position to the 2nd position.
Further, the electromagnetic valve 29 continues to be energized. Therefore, the piston 26b further moves to the right, reaches the rightmost position, and then reaches the 2nd position. position sensor 4
1 detects this, the electronic control device 13 de-energizes the electromagnetic valve 29, and the electromagnetic valves 27 and 2
Open all the valves 8, 29, and 30, and then open the solenoid valve 23.
The excitation of the internal lever 33 is also released and closed, thereby removing unnecessary force from the internal lever 33. If a gear change operation of the transmission is to be performed from now on, the internal lever 33 may be moved to a desired position by repeating the above-described shift and selection operations.

(Effects of the Invention) As explained in detail above, according to the present invention,
A pair of hydraulic actuators are used, and a position sensor is installed to detect the position of the piston of each actuator, and the current position of the actuator is constantly monitored. In addition to making it easy to perform shift/select operations, it is also possible to detect and stop the shift/select operations when each transmission reaches its unique operating limit position, thereby preventing damage to the inside of the transmission. In addition to the effect of protecting the gear from damage, the hydraulic actuator can be controlled by the output of the detection sensor, eliminating errors in shift and select operations, and making reliable gear changes possible. Further position sensors are provided, one for each actuator.
Since only one sensor needs to be installed, the number of sensors for confirming the gear position is greatly reduced, which reduces the number of parts and contributes to cost reduction. It also has an excellent practical effect of being able to perform processing.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to one embodiment, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist of the present invention, and these are not excluded from the scope of the present invention.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an overall view of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the present invention, and Fig. 4 shows changes in gear position and electromagnetic valve in Fig. 2. A relationship diagram is shown. 1...Engine, 6...Parallel shaft gear type transmission, 7...
Transmission actuator, 13...Electronic control device, 2
5, 26... Hydraulic actuator, 25b, 26b
... Piston, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30... Solenoid valve, 40, 41... Position sensor.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A shift lever of a parallel shaft transmission is connected to a piston of a shift actuator, a select lever and a piston of a select actuator are connected, and the operation of both pistons causes a gear change operation of the parallel shaft transmission. An automatic transmission for a vehicle that performs the following: operating position detection means connected to both pistons and continuously detecting the operating positions of the shift lever and the select lever; An operating position setting means that stores the operating positions of the shift lever and the select lever in advance, and a continuous operating position detected by the operating position detecting means and the operating position stored in the operating position setting means are compared to determine the continuous operating position. fluid pressure control means for operating the select actuator and shift actuator until they match the stored operating position; and fluid pressure control means for storing the shift lever and select lever operating limit positions unique to the parallel shaft transmission; An automatic transmission for a vehicle, comprising an operation prohibiting means for prohibiting operation of the shift lever and the select lever beyond the specified position.