JPH02265936A - Tire - Google Patents
TireInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02265936A JPH02265936A JP1088289A JP8828989A JPH02265936A JP H02265936 A JPH02265936 A JP H02265936A JP 1088289 A JP1088289 A JP 1088289A JP 8828989 A JP8828989 A JP 8828989A JP H02265936 A JPH02265936 A JP H02265936A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- isoprene
- pts
- tire
- styrene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000005063 High cis polybutadiene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920005555 halobutyl Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- VLLYOYVKQDKAHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;2-methylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C=CC=C.CC(=C)C=C VLLYOYVKQDKAHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Tires In General (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は接着性、加工性及び耐オゾン性に優れたサイド
ウオールを有するタイヤに関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a tire having a sidewall with excellent adhesion, processability and ozone resistance.
（従来のＩ支１）
従来タイヤサイドウオール用のゴム成分としては天然ゴ
ム（Ｉｎ？）、イソプレンゴムｌｒＲ’）、スチレンブ
タノエンゴム（Ｓ Ｂ Ｒ）、ブタノエンゴム（ｎＲ）
、インブレンブタノエンゴム（Ｉｆ”３Ｒ）、スチレン
イソプレンゴム（ＳＩＲ）等が使用されていたが耐オゾ
ン性が劣っていた。これを改良する方法どして例えば老
化防止剤やワックスを添加する方法、或いは低不飽和ゴ
ムを併用する方法があるが、前者ではゴムの変色が起こ
り、後者では接着性が悪くなるという欠点があった。(Conventional I Support 1) Conventional rubber components for tire sidewalls include natural rubber (In?), isoprene rubber (lrR'), styrene-butanoene rubber (SBR), and butanoene rubber (nR).
, inbrene butanoene rubber (If"3R), styrene isoprene rubber (SIR), etc., were used, but their ozone resistance was poor.There are ways to improve this, such as adding anti-aging agents and wax. However, the former method causes discoloration of the rubber, and the latter method has the drawbacks of poor adhesion.
（発明が解決しようとする課ｆｆ１）
本発明の目的は低不飽和ゴムを使用する系において、接
着性、加工性を損なわず、耐オゾン性に優れたサイドウ
オールを有するタイヤを提供することにある。(Problem to be solved by the invention ff1) The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tire that uses a low unsaturated rubber and has a sidewall that does not impair adhesion and processability and has excellent ozone resistance. be.
（課題を解決するための手段）
本発明は（ａ）ムーニー粘度（ＭＬ２．＋、、 １００
’Ｃ）が４５以下、５％トルエン溶溶解度（２５°Ｃ）
が５０ｃｐ以」二のハイシスポリブタジエン、
（１＋）ハロゲン化ブチルゴム、エチレンプロピレンゴ
ムから選ばれる低不飽和ゴム及び、
（ｃ） Ｗ然ゴム、イソプレンゴム、スチレンブタノエ
ンゴム、 （、）に述べた以外のブタノエンゴム、イソ
プレンブタノエンゴム、スチレンイソプレンゴムから選
ばれる高不飽和ゴムを含有するゴム組成物から得られる
サイドウオールを有するタイヤに係る。(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention provides (a) Mooney viscosity (ML2.+, 100
'C) is 45 or less, 5% toluene solubility (25°C)
low unsaturated rubber selected from (1+) halogenated butyl rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, and (c) W natural rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene butanoene rubber, The present invention relates to a tire having a sidewall obtained from a rubber composition containing a highly unsaturated rubber selected from butanoene rubber, isoprene butanoene rubber, and styrene isoprene rubber other than the above.
本発明の（ａ）を分はムーニー粘度（ＭＬ、、、、 ＋
００’Ｃ）が４５以下、５％トルエン溶溶解度（２５’
Ｃ）が５０ｅｐ以上のハイシスポリブタジエンであり、
ムーニー粘度（ＭＶ）は４５以下、好ましくは２５〜４
５の範囲であり、５％トルエン溶解帖度（ＳＶ）は５０
ｃｐ以上、好ましくは５０〜１２０ｅμの範囲である。(a) of the present invention is Mooney viscosity (ML,... +
00'C) is 45 or less, 5% toluene solubility (25'
C) is a high-cis polybutadiene of 50 ep or more,
Mooney viscosity (MV) is 45 or less, preferably 25-4
5, and the 5% toluene solubility value (SV) is 50.
cp or more, preferably in the range of 50 to 120 eμ.
ＭＶ、ＳＶが」二元範囲からはずれる場合は一様に１オ
ゾン性が低下する。ＭＶｌｉＪ Ｉ Ｓ Ｋ８３００
に準拠して測定し、ＳＶは５％のポリマ〜を含むトルエ
ン溶液をキャノン−７工ンスケ粘度管を用いて２５°Ｃ
にて測定した。When MV and SV deviate from the binary range, the ozone properties uniformly decrease. MVliJ I S K8300
The SV is measured in accordance with
Measured at
本発明の（ｂ）成分はハロゲン化ブチルゴム、エチレン
プロピレンゴムがら選ばれる低下飽和ゴムであり、（ｃ
）成分は天然ゴム、イソプレンゴム、スチレンブタノエ
ンゴム、（ａ）に述べた以外のブタノエンゴム、インブ
レンブタジェンゴム、スチレンイソプレンゴムから選ば
れる高不飽和ゴムである。Component (b) of the present invention is a reduced saturated rubber selected from halogenated butyl rubber and ethylene propylene rubber;
The component () is a highly unsaturated rubber selected from natural rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene-butanoene rubber, butanoene rubber other than those mentioned in (a), inbrene-butadiene rubber, and styrene-isoprene rubber.
本発明において上記（ａ）〜（ｅ）成分の配合割合は（
＆）成分１０−６０重１０、（ｂ）成＋）１０−６０重
ｆｆｔ、ｕ、ＣＣ＞成分２０〜５０重ｉ部とするのが好
ましい。In the present invention, the blending ratio of the above components (a) to (e) is (
&) component 10-60 parts by weight, (b) composition +) 10-60 parts by weight fft, u, CC> component 20-50 parts by weight.
ハロゲン化ブチルゴム（Ｘ−１１Ｒ）、エチレンプロピ
レンゴム（ＣＰ！”）Ｍ）の良好な耐オゾンクラック性
を損なわず、加硫接着性、加工性を改良するのは従来非
常に困難であった０本発明におけるハイシスポリブタジ
エン（ハイシスＢＲ）を使用することにより接着性、加
工性を充分なレベルに保つためＸ−１１Ｒ，ＥＰＩ’）
Ｍを減らした場合においてら、耐オゾン性はＸ−１１Ｒ
，ＥＰＩ’）ｌｌ−減らす府と同等もしくはそれ以上の
性能が得られる。It has been extremely difficult to improve the vulcanization adhesion and processability of halogenated butyl rubber (X-11R) and ethylene propylene rubber (CP!'') M) without impairing their good ozone crack resistance. In order to maintain adhesion and processability at a sufficient level by using high-cis polybutadiene (high-cis BR) in the present invention, X-11R, EPI')
Even when M is reduced, the ozone resistance is better than that of X-11R.
, EPI')ll-Equivalent or better performance can be obtained.
本発明においては上記成分の他に公知の加硫剤、加硫促
進剤、加硫促進助剤、加硫遅延剤、有機過酸化物、補強
剤、充填剤、老化防止剤、粘着１ｔ ’＞剤、着色剤等
を添加できることは勿論である。充填剤としてはカーボ
ンブラック、シリカ、クレー炭酸カルシ９ム等の公知の
光Ｗ剤をゴム１００部に対して２０〜１００部、好まし
くは３０〜８０ｇ配合するのが良い。In addition to the above-mentioned components, the present invention uses known vulcanizing agents, vulcanization accelerators, vulcanization accelerators, vulcanization retarders, organic peroxides, reinforcing agents, fillers, anti-aging agents, and adhesives. Of course, additives, colorants, etc. can be added. As a filler, 20 to 100 parts, preferably 30 to 80 g of a known optical W agent such as carbon black, silica, or clay calcium carbonate is blended per 100 parts of rubber.
本発明のタイヤは上記！ｆｔ分を通常の加工装置、例え
ばロール、バンバリーミキサ−、ニーグーなどにより混
練することにより得られるゴムＭｌ成物をサイドウオー
ル部に使用して常法により製造でさる。The tires of the present invention are as described above! It is manufactured by a conventional method using a rubber Ml composition obtained by kneading ft. in a conventional processing apparatus such as a roll, a Banbury mixer, a Nigu, etc. for the sidewall part.
（発明の効果）
本発明のタイヤに用いられるサイドウオール用ゴム組成
物は優れた接着性、加工性及び耐オゾン性を有している
。(Effects of the Invention) The rubber composition for sidewalls used in the tire of the present invention has excellent adhesion, processability, and ozone resistance.
（実 施 例）
以下に実施例及び比較例を挙げて説明する。尚、単に部
とあるは重量部を示す。(Example) Examples and comparative examples will be described below. Note that "parts" simply indicate parts by weight.
実施例及び比較例
第１表に記載のゴム１００部、カーボンブラック５０ｇ
、オイル１５部、亜鉛部３部、ステアリン酸２部、老化
防止剤〈サント７レツクス１３）２部、パラフィンワッ
クス２部、加硫促進剤（Ｃ７，）０．８部及び６Ｈｉ、
ｓ部を、バンバリーミキサ−により４分闇充分に混練し
ゴム組成物を得、これをサイドウオール用ゴム組成物と
するタイヤサイズ１６５／８０［（１３のタイヤを常法
により得た。Examples and Comparative Examples 100 parts of the rubber listed in Table 1, 50 g of carbon black
, 15 parts of oil, 3 parts of zinc, 2 parts of stearic acid, 2 parts of anti-aging agent <Santo 7 Rex 13), 2 parts of paraffin wax, 0.8 part of vulcanization accelerator (C7,) and 6Hi,
Part s was thoroughly kneaded for 4 minutes in a Banbury mixer to obtain a rubber composition, and a tire size 165/80 [(13) was obtained by a conventional method to use this as a rubber composition for sidewalls.
得られたゴム組成物を＋ ６０ ’Ｃで２０分間、モー
ルド加硫した。The resulting rubber composition was mold vulcanized at +60'C for 20 minutes.
接着性はＪ Ｉ Ｓ Ｋ６３０１に準拠してカーカス
ゴムとの接着力をオートグラフで２Ｍ１１１！の界面を
剥がす様に評価した。剥離状態の評価においてＳＴはス
トックティア、■は界面剥離を示す。耐オゾン性は４０
℃、５０ ｐ ｐ ｔ＋ ａ＋の濃度オゾンテスター中
でのオゾンクラック発生時間を測定した。加工性はロー
ルミルによｊ）巻き付き性、帆１．耳切れ状態等のロー
ル作業性を評価した。◎：良、○：可、△：不町を示す
、結果を第１表に示す。尚、表において、ＢＲ−Ａ
： ＭＶ４０．５Ｖ７０のハイシスポリブタジエン
ＩＲ−Ｂ ： ＭＶ６０．５Ｖ７０のハイシスボリブ
タジエン
ＦＩＲ−Ｃ： ＭＶ４０、
タノエン
ＲＲ−［’）： ＭＶ６０、
タノエン
を示す。Adhesiveness is based on JIS K6301, and the adhesive strength with carcass rubber is 2M111 according to autograph! Evaluation was made by peeling off the interface. In evaluating the peeling state, ST indicates stock tear, and ■ indicates interfacial peeling. Ozone resistance is 40
The ozone crack generation time was measured in an ozone tester at a temperature of 50 ppt+a+. Processability depends on roll mill j) Coiling property, sail 1. The roll workability, such as the state of cut edges, was evaluated. ◎: Good, ○: Fair, △: Bad. The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, in the table, BR-A
: High-cis polybutadiene IR-B with MV40.5V70 : High-cis polybutadiene FIR-C with MV60.5V70: MV40, Tanoene RR-['): MV60, Indicates Tanoene.
第
５Ｖ４５のハイシスボリブ
５Ｖ４５のハイシスボリブ
１ 表
実施例１、比較例１〜３において、同一系でＭＶ、ＳＶ
の異なる／１イシスＢＲを評価したが、Ｍ■＝４５以下
、５Ｖ＝５０以上の範囲よりはずれるノ１イシスｎＲに
おいては一様に耐オゾン性が低下している。又、ロール
での加工性ら本発明のＢＲと比較して劣っている６通常
比較例５の様に比較的ｘ−ｘｒｒ＜の多い系においては
、耐オゾン性は良好であるが、加硫接着性、ａ−ル加工
性が明らかに悪くなる。これに対し本発明におけるハイ
シスＢＲを使用した実施例１〜２の系では、Ｘ−１１Ｒ
ｉを減らしたにも拘わらず耐オゾン性は同等もしくはそ
れ以上の性能が得られる。当然のことながら、加硫接着
性、ロール加工性は充分なレベルを確保している。これ
は通常のハイシスＢＲに比べ、本発明のＢＲが高いオゾ
ン性を有しているからである。5th V45 Hi-cis Voliv 5 V45 Hi-cis Vol. 1 In Table Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, MV and SV in the same system
The ozone resistance was uniformly lowered in the /1isys nR which was outside the range of M2 = 45 or less and 5V = 50 or more. In addition, in a system with a relatively large amount of x-xrr<, such as 6 Normal Comparative Example 5, which has poor roll processability compared to the BR of the present invention, the ozone resistance is good, but the vulcanization Adhesion and a-ru processability clearly deteriorate. On the other hand, in the systems of Examples 1 and 2 using the high-cis BR of the present invention,
Even though i is reduced, the same or better ozone resistance can be obtained. Naturally, sufficient levels of vulcanization adhesion and roll processability are ensured. This is because the BR of the present invention has higher ozone properties than normal high-cis BR.
（以 上） 出 願 人 東洋ゴム工業株式会社(that's all) Sender: Toyo Tire & Rubber Industries Co., Ltd.
Claims (1)
℃）が４５以下、５％トルエン溶解粘度（２５℃）が５
０ｃｐ以上のハイシスポリブタジエン、 （ｂ）ハロゲン化ブチルゴム、エチレンプロピレンゴム
から選ばれる低不飽和ゴム及び、 （ｃ）天然ゴム、イソプレンゴム、スチレンブタジエン
ゴム、（ａ）に述べた以外のブタジエンゴム、イソプレ
ンブタジエンゴム、スチレンイソプレンゴムから選ばれ
る高不飽和ゴムを含有するゴム組成物から得られるサイ
ドウォールを有するタイヤ。(1) (a) Mooney viscosity (ML_1_+_4, 100
°C) is 45 or less, 5% toluene dissolution viscosity (25 °C) is 5
0cp or more high-cis polybutadiene, (b) low unsaturated rubber selected from halogenated butyl rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, and (c) natural rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber other than those mentioned in (a), A tire having a sidewall obtained from a rubber composition containing a highly unsaturated rubber selected from isoprene butadiene rubber and styrene isoprene rubber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1088289A JPH0747668B2 (en) | 1989-04-07 | 1989-04-07 | tire |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1088289A JPH0747668B2 (en) | 1989-04-07 | 1989-04-07 | tire |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02265936A true JPH02265936A (en) | 1990-10-30 |
| JPH0747668B2 JPH0747668B2 (en) | 1995-05-24 |
Family
ID=13938751
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1088289A Expired - Fee Related JPH0747668B2 (en) | 1989-04-07 | 1989-04-07 | tire |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0747668B2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002088207A (en) * | 2000-09-13 | 2002-03-27 | Polytec Design:Kk | Rubber composition |
| JP2012233071A (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-11-29 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | Rubber composition and pneumatic tire |
| JP2012241165A (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2012-12-10 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | Rubber composition and pneumatic tire |
| JP2012251109A (en) * | 2011-06-06 | 2012-12-20 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | Rubber composition and pneumatic tire |
| CN107987406A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-04 | 宁波华恒底盘零件有限公司 | A kind of ozone proof automobile shock set and preparation method thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62220543A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1987-09-28 | Japan Synthetic Rubber Co Ltd | Diene rubber composition |
-
1989
- 1989-04-07 JP JP1088289A patent/JPH0747668B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62220543A (en) * | 1986-03-24 | 1987-09-28 | Japan Synthetic Rubber Co Ltd | Diene rubber composition |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002088207A (en) * | 2000-09-13 | 2002-03-27 | Polytec Design:Kk | Rubber composition |
| JP2012233071A (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-11-29 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | Rubber composition and pneumatic tire |
| JP2012241165A (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2012-12-10 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | Rubber composition and pneumatic tire |
| JP2012251109A (en) * | 2011-06-06 | 2012-12-20 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | Rubber composition and pneumatic tire |
| CN107987406A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-04 | 宁波华恒底盘零件有限公司 | A kind of ozone proof automobile shock set and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0747668B2 (en) | 1995-05-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |