JPH0227034Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a shield excavator that can smoothly excavate the ground that is easily collapsible and contains many boulders. This is used in the field of small and medium-sized excavators that excavate underground tunnels.

[Conventional technology]

Conventional shield tunneling machines can excavate tunnels without any particular hindrance because the sand and gravel mixed in the soft geological ground to be excavated is relatively small. Moreover, tunnel excavation is often carried out by selecting ground suitable for excavation by the shield tunneling machine as described above. However, in recent tunnel excavation work for constructing sewerage systems, there is less and less suitable ground where conventional shield excavators can be used. Therefore,
For example, when the shield excavator is excavating through sandy ground that is prone to collapse and contains many boulders up to 1 meter in diameter, it may become impossible to excavate each time it encounters the boulders, or it may not be able to remove the boulders. In addition to requiring a lot of time and effort, there are problems such as the collapse of the ground surface.

[Purpose of invention]

The present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problem, and its purpose is to be able to smoothly excavate a tunnel in the ground where boulders are mixed in the gravel geology. An object of the present invention is to provide a shield excavator capable of improving excavation efficiency.

[Structure of the idea]

The structure of the present invention will be explained based on the drawings. As shown in FIG. A pair of hemispherical buckets 5A and 5B with a rock machine insertion hole 5g drilled
And, these hemispherical buckets 5A and 5B are attached to the main machine shaft 2.
Bucket displacement means 10 for displacing the bucket support member 7 supported perpendicularly to m in the direction of the main machine axis 2m
It is provided with an airtight partition wall 15 that partitions the shield body 2 into front and rear parts at the rear of the hemispherical bucket 5, and a screw conveyor 16 that slides on the partition wall 15 and can move forward and backward in an airtight manner.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained with reference to drawings of embodiments thereof.

As shown in FIG. 1a, the shield excavator 1 includes a pair of hemispherical buckets 5A, which can be opened and closed within the front end 2a of the shield body 2 and can be reversed in the front-rear direction and in the directions of arrows 3 and 4. 5B is the front end 2
It is provided so as to form a convex bowl when viewed rearward from point a. In order to open, close and reverse both bucket carts 5 as described above, four swing jacks 6A and 6B are provided as shown in FIG. 1b. The ends 6a, 6b of the piston rod are rotatably attached via members 5a, 5b fixed to the inner surface of the bucket 5, and the ends 6c, 6d of the cylinder section are fixed to the inner surface of the shell 2b. It is rotatably mounted via the attached member 2c. The bucket support member 7 (see FIG. 1a) moves the inner surface of the shell 2b in the direction of arrows 8 and 9, which is the longitudinal direction of the main machine shaft 2m, using four slide jacks (see FIG. 1), which are the bucket displacement means 10. (c)]. Arms 7A, 7 forming the tip 7a of the bucket support member 7
The pins 7b and 7c integrated in B are connected to the main body shaft 2.
It is provided perpendicular to m. In addition, the above-mentioned both buckets 5A and 5B have insertion holes 5c for reversing them,
5d is bored, rotatably supported by pins 7b and 7c, and movable together with bucket support member 7. Furthermore, one manhole is bored in each of the buckets 5, and the manhole covers 5e and 5f are fitted thereto,
When boulders in the ground appear on the face 11, the gun 12a [second gun] of the jackhammer 12 is used to crush the boulders.
(See Figure a) A large number of insertion ports 5g are provided for insertion. Shell 2 at the front end 2a of the shield body 2
b has a thick wall so as to form a shield hood 2d, and a plurality of cutting wedges 13 for excavating the face 11 are fixed to the front surface of the shield hood 2d. A seal gasket 2e is attached to the inner surface of the shield hood 2d to prevent spring water and dirt from entering the shield body 2 when excavating with both buckets 5 closed. Cutting wedges 14 are fixed to the outer surfaces of both bucket bags 5. The four slide jacks of the bucket displacement means 10 are provided through an airtight bulkhead 15, which will be described later, and the end 10a of the cylinder portion thereof is attached to a member 2f fixed to the inner surface of the shell 2b, and the piston rod is The end portion 10b is attached to a member 7d fixed to the inner surface of the bucket support member 7. The airtight bulkhead 15 is 1
At the rear of the pair of buckets 5, a screw conveyor 16 is fixed to the inner surface of the shell 2b so as to partition the shield main body 2 into front and rear parts, that is, a front part 2A and a rear part 2B, and is capable of airtightly discharging excavated soil.
The partition wall 15 is inserted into the partition wall 15 so as to be slidable in the directions of arrows 17 and 18, and can be moved forward and backward, and a seal gasket (not shown) is fitted into the sliding portion 15a to maintain airtightness between the front portion 2A and the rear portion 2B. ing. Bulkhead 1
5 is connected to a conduit 19 connected to an air compressor (not shown) for pressurizing the inside of the front part 2A of the shield body 2 across the partition, and a stop valve 20 is installed in the conduit. A branch pipe 19A and a stop valve 20A are interposed for returning the air to the atmosphere. Bulkhead 1
5 is provided with a manhole 21, and a manhole cover 22 is attached thereto (see FIG. 1d). In addition, the shield body 2 is attached to the partition wall 15 by pressing the tunnel wall constructed by the segments 23.
12 shield jacks 24 [1st
(see Figure e) is fixed. The end portions 25a of the piston rods of the two cylinders 25 for moving the screw conveyor 16 forward and backward in the directions of arrows 17 and 18 are attached to a member 15b fixed to the partition wall 15.
and the end 25 of the cylinder part thereof.
b is attached to a member 16a fixed to the outer surface of the screw conveyor 16. The screw 16A of the screw conveyor 16 is driven by a drive source 27, for example, a hydraulic motor, via a universal joint 26. A discharge port 16B is provided at the lower part of the rear end of the screw conveyor 16, and a gate 28 is provided for opening and closing the discharge port 16B with a cylinder 30. When the gate 28 opens the discharge port 16B, the excavated soil transported by the screw 16A falls and a belt conveyor 29 for discharging the soil is installed. A winch 31 (see FIG. 1f) for assembling the segments 23 is fixed to approximately the center of the outer surface of the screw conveyor 16, and the winch 31 is driven by a drive source (not shown). That winch 31
A wire rope guide 32 is fixed to the outer surface of the screw conveyor 16 for guiding and sliding the wire rope 31A on its surface. In addition, at the rearmost part of the shell 2b of the shield body 2, there are a plurality of tail seals 33 that are pressed against the outer surface of the tunnel constructed by the segments 23 to prevent spring water and dirt from entering the shield body 2. It is installed.

According to the above-described embodiment, when operated as follows, the shield excavator can excavate the ground mixed with boulders to be excavated.

As shown in FIG.
is constructed into a one ring width tunnel using the winch 31 inside the shield body 2. The pair of hemispherical buckets 5A and 5B have each completed an inversion in the direction of arrow 3, and are convex when viewed from the front end 2a of the shield body 2 rearward. Next, as shown in FIG. 2b, in the second stage, the shield jack 24 presses the segment ring to obtain a reaction force, and the shield excavator 1 excavates new ground. On the other hand, in the first stage, if the boulders 34 are mixed in the ground of the face 11 and remain as they are, excavation in the second stage will be hindered, so first, the boulders 34 are crushed into medium-sized pebbles as much as possible. There is a need. For this work, a worker is placed in the front section 2A, so the pressure in the front section 2A is set to atmospheric pressure.
That is, when the stop valve 20 is closed and the stop valve 20A is opened, the high pressure air that pressurizes the front part 2A of the shield body 2 flows out from the branch pipe 19A through the pipe line 19 connected to the partition wall 15, and the front part 2A is compressed. 2A is lowered to atmospheric pressure (see Figure 1a). An operator can remove the manhole cover 22 and enter the front section 2A through the manhole 21. And the worker
For example, an insertion port 5g suitable for crushing the boulders 34 is selected from among a large number of insertion ports 5g drilled in the hemispherical bucket 5A, and the gun 12a of the rock drill 12 is inserted into the insertion port 5g to crush the boulders. 34 is crushed into, for example, medium-sized pebbles 34A and 34B. Note that the other insertion port 5g is closed by inserting a plug. As other crushing work, a hole that does not penetrate through the boulder 32 is made,
It is also possible to fill the hole with an expanding material to cause the material to fracture. If necessary, the worker should install a manhole cover5.
e can be removed and the boulder 32 can be crushed directly under the shield hood 2d using the manhole in the space between the face 11 and the outer surface of the bucket 5. When the boulder 32 is crushed, for example, the boulder 34 is split into two pieces, such as a medium-sized pebble 34A,
34B, the worker should install the manhole cover 5e.
and 22, and attach the rear part 2 of the shield body 2.
Move to step B and make the front part 2A airtight. And the second
In the second stage shown in Figure b, the stop valve 20A is closed;
The stop valve 20 is opened and high pressure air is introduced from the pipe 19 to pressurize the front section 2A to prevent spring water from entering the front section 2A from the face 11. At this time, since the gate 28 of the discharge port 16B of the screw conveyor 16 is closed by the extension of the cylinder 30, the above-mentioned pressurized air is retained without passing through the inside of the screw conveyor 16. Next, when the 12 shield jacks 24 are extended all at once in the direction of the arrow 9, a reaction force is obtained as described above, and the shield main body 2 digs. Then, the cutting wedge 13 fixed to the shield hood 2d excavates the ground. At this time, in response to the amount of extension of the shield jack 24, the four slide jacks that are the bucket displacement means 10 simultaneously reduce the amount in the direction of arrow 9 by the same amount as the amount of extension of the shield jack 24, 5 remains at the same position as the first stage by relatively sliding on the inner surface of the shell 2b via the bucket support member 7, arms 7A, 7B of its tip 7a, and pins 7b, 7c. On the other hand, the airtight partition wall 15 fixed to the inner surface of the shell 2b and the first
Similarly to the step, as the cylinder 25 (see FIG. 1a) is contracted, the screw conveyor 16, which is in the position advanced in the direction of arrow 17, moves in the direction of arrow 8 together with the shield body 2. Then, the medium and small stones 34A are introduced directly under the shield hood 2d together with the earth and stones, and the second stage of excavation by the shield excavator 1 is completed. As shown in Figure 2c, in the third stage, the second
As in the stage, the air pressure in the front section 2A is maintained, and the pair of bucket bags 5 are maintained in the same position and orientation as in the first and second stages. In the fourth step described below, in preparation for reversing the bucket 5 in the direction of arrow 4, the screw conveyor 16 is retracted in the direction of arrow 18 by extending the cylinder 25. Subsequently, in the fourth stage shown in FIG. 2d, the two swing jacks 6A and 6B are simultaneously reduced, and the former and the latter are reversed in the four directions of the arrows, ie, the bucket 5A and the latter, respectively, to form a shield. The main body 2 has a concave shape when viewed rearward from the front end 2a. In the third stage, the space between the face 11 and the convex bucket 5 is filled with soil and stones mixed with medium and small stones 34A, so the bucket 5 becomes concave.
It rushes into the bucket 5. At that point,
The surface of the earth and stone forms an inclined surface, and a space 35 is created. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2e, in the fifth step, the bucket cart 5 is moved in the direction of arrow 8 by extending the slide jack of the bucket cart displacement means 10, with the bucket cart 5 in the same direction as in the previous step. , the above-mentioned blank 35 is narrowed. Next, as shown in FIG. 2 f, in the sixth step, the swing jack 6 is extended to invert the bucket 5 in the direction of the arrow 3, so that the shield main body 2 has a convex shape when viewed rearward from the front end 2a. . At this time, the cutting wedge 14 can smoothly invert the bucket 5. Therefore, the medium and small stones 34A are taken into the front portion 2A of the shield body 2 together with a large amount of dirt and stones. next,
The front section 2A is exposed to the atmosphere as described above, and the cylinder 25 is contracted to move the screw conveyor 16 in the direction of the arrow 17. The screw 16A is driven by the driving source 27 through the universal joint 26 to transport the soil and stone, and the gate 28 is moved so that the discharge port 16B is opened by the contraction of the cylinder 30. Then, they can be transferred to the belt conveyor 29 and discharged to the rear of the tunnel. Medium pebble 3
Depending on the size of 4A, screw conveyor 1
6 may not be possible. Therefore, after retracting the screw conveyor 16 in the direction of the arrow mark 18, the worker can enter the front part 2A from the manhole 21 again using the created space and crush it into pebbles using a rock drill or the like. can. This sixth
Since the state of the stage has returned to the state of the first stage,
Excavation of one ring width of the tunnel is completed and one cycle of operation is completed. By sequentially repeating this cycle, a desired tunnel can be excavated.

By the way, the shield excavator of this invention can excavate at a depth of 5 to 8 meters from the ground surface, and
The diameter of the tunnel to be excavated ranges from 2 to 4 meters. In addition, when excavating a tunnel with a diameter of 3 to 4 meters, it is necessary to install a shelf 36 as shown by the two-dot chain line in Figure 1 a and b to provide a function to prevent the ground from collapsing. Can be done.

[Effect of idea]

As described above in detail, the present invention allows the shield excavator to smoothly excavate the ground where boulders and the like are mixed in the easily collapsible geological formation to be excavated. In addition, compared to the case where a conventional shield excavator excavates the above-mentioned ground, it is possible to avoid situations where excavation becomes impossible and difficult removal work of boulders, so the ground surface is reduced due to the removal of boulders. Not only can major accidents such as collapses be avoided, but the labor and expense required for removing large stones can be eliminated, and tunnels can be excavated with high efficiency and at low cost. In addition, the shield excavator can dig to the desired location in the shortest distance according to the tunnel excavation plan, without having to choose a ground where only pebbles are mixed in, as is the case with conventional methods. It can be widely used for tunnel excavation.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1a is a longitudinal sectional view of the shield tunneling machine of the present invention, Fig. 1b is a sectional view taken along the - line in Fig. 1a, Fig. 1c is a sectional view taken in the - line in Fig. Figure d
is a cross-sectional view taken along the - line in figure a, Figure 1 e is a cross-sectional view taken along the - line in figure a, Figure 1 f is a cross-sectional view taken in the - line in figure a, and Figures 2 a to f is an explanatory diagram covering the first to sixth stages of the excavation operation of the shield excavator. 1... Shield excavator, 2... Shield body,
2a...Front end, 2m...Main body axis, 3, 4...
Anteroposterior direction, 5, 5A, 5B... hemispherical bucket,
5g...Insertion hole, 7...Bucket support member, 10
... Bucket displacement means, 12 ... Rock drill, 15 ...
...Airtight bulkhead, 16... Screw conveyor.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claim for Utility Model Registration] A pair of hemispherical buckets that can be opened and closed within the front end of the shield main body and can be reversed in the front and back direction, and that have a number of jackhammer insertion holes. a bucket displacement means for displacing a bucket support member that is supported perpendicularly to the bucket in the direction of the axis of the main body; an airtight bulkhead that partitions the shield body into front and rear parts at the rear of the hemispherical bucket; A shield excavator comprising: a screw conveyor that can be discharged;