JPH02273123A - Culture medium for mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the title culture medium capable of the fungus bed artificial culture of Flammulina velutipes which has been considered to be impossible with medium materials other than rice bran except for Pleurotus ostreatus and Pholiota nameko etc. by using milo powder as a raw material for culture medium. CONSTITUTION:The objective culture medium comprising (A) milo powder pref. ca. 150-10 mesh in granular size, (B) chaff and bran and (C) sawdust and/or rice hulls.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to a culture medium for mushroom cultivation.

[Conventional technology]

Traditionally, most edible mushrooms have been cultivated by hydroponic cultivation using logs, and the harvest has often been affected by climate conditions. However, in recent years, enoki mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, etc., have been cultivated in boxes or clay beds using a culture medium prepared by mixing sawdust, rice husk, etc. with rice bran in a ratio of 0.1 to 1 part by dry weight to 1 part by dry weight. With the establishment of artificial cultivation methods, it has become possible to stably harvest edible mushrooms throughout the year without being affected by the four seasons. Mushroom cultivation, which used to be a domestic labor on farms, is now transitioning to an industrial production format that involves continuous mass cultivation. This artificial cultivation of mushrooms on an industrial production scale requires the use of rice bran as a mixed material for the culture medium.

However, due to a decrease in rice consumption or a reduction in acreage due to agricultural policy, rice production is decreasing year by year, and as a result, the supply of rice bran is naturally decreasing, making it difficult to obtain it. Another problem with the artificial cultivation method of mushrooms using rice bran is that rice bran must be as fresh as possible.

For this reason, various research is being carried out on substitutes for rice bran.
-112156), Fusuma (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 52-81252)
It has been proposed to use the Cone Plan (Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-7697), etc.

However, certain of them are limited to specific mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms or shiitake mushrooms, and are completely powerless to cultivate enokitake mushrooms, which have the highest production volume.

By the way, the current annual production of oyster mushrooms is 15,000 tons, and the annual production of enoki mushrooms is so, oo.

tons, and the amount of rice bran used is almost the same.

On the other hand, even in conventional culture media using rice bran together with sawdust and/or rice hulls, the yield of mushrooms is not fully satisfactory; Currently, the yield was lower than that of rice bran.

[Contents of the invention]

The present inventors have conducted various studies on materials for mushroom cultivation that are effective in place of these conventional materials.

As a result, the present inventors discovered that milo powder is extremely effective as a material for a culture medium, and completed the present invention.

That is, in the present invention, by mixing at least one of sawdust and rice hulls with milo powder and rice bran to form a culture medium, it is possible to cultivate not only oyster mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, and shimeji mushrooms but also conventionally impossible to cultivate with medium materials other than rice bran. This technology also made it possible to artificially cultivate enoki mushrooms in fungal beds, which was thought to be possible.

Moreover, it has been unexpectedly discovered that the use of such a culture medium can increase the yield of fruiting bodies, shorten the cultivation period, and improve quality.

The Milo powder used in the present invention includes those obtained by pulverizing Milo grains using various types of pulverizers, or those obtained by fractionating the pulverized product and adjusting the protein, fat, etc. content to a desired level. In particular, milo flour with a high protein and fat content is preferred as a mushroom culture medium. Note that the milo powder suitable for use in the present invention usually has a particle size of about 150 mesh to 10 mesh. Such Milo powder has the components shown in the following table.

Ingredients Ratio Moisture 8-17% Crude protein
6-17〃 Crude fat 3-15〃 Crude fiber 2-16// Crude ash 1.5-5,5tt Carbohydrate 5-75// As described above, the culture medium for artificial cultivation of mushrooms of the present invention is
It consists of a mixture of milo powder and rice bran, as well as at least one of sawdust and rice hulls.

The term "bran" as used herein refers to by-products such as rice bran and wheat bran produced when grains are refined and/or milled.

Examples of the present invention are listed below. Note that the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example l Sawdust 2809 Hemilo powder (crude protein 14%, crude fat 7%,
Add and mix 45 g (ash content 3%), *45 g and 120 ml (l) of water and adjust the moisture content to 65%.
After filling a 0cc plastic bottle and sealing it, 12
High pressure sterilize at 0°C for 30 minutes.

Thereafter, oyster mushroom fungi are inoculated and cultured in a culture room at a room temperature of 15 to 20°C and a humidity of 60 to 70%. Once the mycelia have propagated throughout the bottle, they are scraped and then cultivated in a cultivation room at a room temperature of 10 to 12°C and a humidity of 80 to 90%. Once the mushrooms have reached an appropriate size, they are picked off from the base, and the fungus is scraped again to encourage a second outbreak. For the second generation work, repeat the same work as the first time.

As a control example, 280 g of sawdust, 90 g of rice bran and 120 g of water were added.
Oyster mushrooms were cultured in the same manner as described above using a culture medium mixed with m(l).The results of determining the yield, growth period, and quality of the fruiting bodies of oyster mushrooms in the above examples and control examples are shown in Table 1 below. .

[Table-1] Number of first culture days // Number of cultivation days〃 Total growing period 2nd cultivation days 1st time Fruiting body yield 2nd time 〃 Fruiting body yield Total stem length approximately 5-8 crR Cap size Comprehensive evaluation of volume and fruiting body quality of approximately 1-2.5 cm 20 days 22 days 21 days 23 days 41 days 45 days 14 days 15 days 50 g 309 1209 91 g Approximately 52 plants 71 plants Approximately 38 plants/1 plant Approximately 35 plants/1 plant Approximately 23 plants/1 plant chipped Good example 2 260g of sawdust, 50g of milo powder (9% crude protein, 4% crude fat, 1.5% natural ingredients), 50g of rice bran, and 120mff of water.
The culture medium was added and mixed and the water content was adjusted to 65%, and the culture medium was filled into a plastic bottle with a capacity of 800 cc, and after the bottle was tightly stoppered, it was sterilized under high pressure at 120° C. for 30 minutes.

After that, inoculate this with enokitake bacteria and keep the temperature at 18-20℃.
and culture in a culture room with a humidity of 70 to 75%. Mycelia propagate throughout the bottle, and then the bacteria are scraped.

Thereafter, the mushrooms are sprouted in a sprouting chamber at a room temperature of 12 to 13° C. and a humidity of 80 to 85%, and finally grown in a growth chamber. The room temperature of the growth chamber is 5-7°C and the humidity is 80-90%.

As a control example, 260 g of sawdust, 100 g of rice bran, and 12 g of water were used.
Enokitake mushrooms were cultured in the same manner as described above using a culture medium mixed with 0ma. The results of determining the yield, growth period, and quality of the enokitake fruiting bodies in the Examples and Control Examples are shown in Table 2 below.

[Table-2] Example 2 (sawdust + milo powder + rice bran) Control example (sawdust + rice bran) Number of days around bacteria Number of days for budding Number of growing days Total cultivation period Fruiting body yield Fruiting body quality Stem thickness (average) Stem length (average) Umbrella Whiteness Book) Comprehensive evaluation of fruit body quality 18th 10 days 22nd 50 days 2.6 number 12.5 c shoulder Excellent 20th 12th 23rd 55 days 2.4+++m 12.0 cm.

Good example 3 260g of sawdust and milo powder (crude protein 14%, crude fat 7%,
Add and mix 50 g of ash (3% ash), 50 g of rice bran, and 120 mI2 of water, and adjust the moisture content to 65%.
The mixture was filled into a 00cc plastic bottle, sealed tightly, and sterilized under high pressure at 120°C for 30 minutes.

After that, inoculate this with enokitake bacteria and keep it at room temperature 18-22.
Culture in a culture room at 70-75% humidity. Once the mycelium has grown throughout the bottle, scrape it. After that, for mushroom sprouting, room temperature is 12-13℃ and humidity is 80-85℃.
After sprouting in a % sprouting chamber, the seeds are finally grown in a growth chamber. The room temperature in the growth room is 5-7℃, and the humidity is 80-9.
It is 0%.

As a control example, sawdust 2609, rice bran 1009 and water 12
Enokitake mushrooms were cultured in the same manner as described above using a culture medium containing 0+i12. The results of determining the yield, growth period, and quality of the enokitake fruiting bodies in the Examples and Control Examples are shown in Table 3 below.

7/ [Table 3] Example 3 (sawdust + milo flour + rice bran) Control example (sawdust + rice bran) Number of days around fungi Number of days for sprouting Number of growing days Cultivation period Total fruiting body harvest Quality of fruiting body Stem thickness (average) Stem Length (average) Whiteness of cap (W value) Overall evaluation of fruiting body quality 18 days 10 days 22 days 50 days 20 days 12 days 23 days 55 days 2.7 Dragon 2.4 Ho 12-7 cv* 12 .0cm excellent
Good Example 4 Sawdust 2609 and Milo powder (16% crude protein, 15% crude fat)
, ash content 5.5%) 50g, rice bran 509 and water 120m
A 800 cc plastic bottle is filled with the culture medium, which has been mixed with 0.0% and the water content is adjusted to 65%, and the bottle is sealed and sterilized under high pressure at 120° C. for 30 minutes.

After that, inoculate this with enokitake bacteria and keep the temperature at 18-20℃.
and culture in a culture room with a humidity of 70 to 75%. Once the mycelium has grown throughout the bottle, scrape it.

Thereafter, mushrooms are sprouted in a sprouting room at 12-13° C. and 80-85% humidity, and finally grown in a growth room. The room temperature of the growth chamber is 5-7°C, and the humidity is 80-90%.

As a control example, sawdust 2609% rice bran 1009% and water 12%
Enokitake mushrooms were cultured in the same manner as described above using a culture medium mixed with 0ml. The results of determining the yield, growth period, and quality of the enokitake fruiting bodies in the Examples and Control Examples are shown in Table 4 below.

[Table 4] After sealing with a stopper, sterilize under high pressure at 120℃ for 30 minutes Number of days for germination Number of sprouting days Number of growth days Cultivation period Total fruit body yield Quality of fruit body Example 4 (Sawdust + Milo flour + Rice bran) Control example (Sawdust + rice bran) 18th 20th 10th 12th 22nd 23rd 50th 55th Yu I) Ryodai) l) The stems are thick and long, and the umbrellas are uniform in size, giving a sense of volume and color. It's also white.

The stems are rather thin and short, the size of the caps is somewhat uneven, it lacks a sense of volume, and its color is a little less white.

Example 5 280g of sawdust and milo powder (crude protein 14%, crude fat 7%,
Ash content 3%) 459, rice bran 459 and water 120+
A culture medium to which ff was added and mixed and the moisture content was adjusted to 65% was filled into a plastic bottle with a capacity of 800 cc.

Thereafter, oyster mushroom fungi are inoculated and cultured in a culture room at a room temperature of 15 to 20°C and a humidity of 60 to 70%. Once the mycelia have propagated throughout the bottle, they are scraped and then grown in a cultivation room at a room temperature of 10-12°C and a humidity of 80-90%. Once the mushrooms have reached an appropriate size, they are picked off from the base, and the fungus is scraped again to encourage a second outbreak. For the second generation work, repeat the same work as the first time.

As a control example, 280 g of sawdust, 90 g of rice bran, and 120 g of water were used.
Oyster mushrooms were cultured in the same manner as described above using a culture medium mixed with mα. The results of determining the yield, growth period, and quality of the fruiting bodies of oyster mushrooms in the Examples and Control Examples are shown in Table 5 below.

[Table 5] Example 5 (sawdust + milo flour + rice bran) Control example (sawdust 10 rice bran) 1st cultivation days 1st growing days 1st cultivation period Total 2nd growing days 1st fruiting body yield 2nd offspring Body yield Quantity Body yield Total fruiting body quality 20 days 22 days 20 days 23 days 40 days 45 days 13 days 15 days 1309 91 g Excellent 1' Good 2] The desirable stem (axis) length for oyster mushrooms is It is about 5 to 8 crs, with a cap diameter of about 1 to 2.5 cm, and has a large number of mushrooms, giving it a voluminous feel, and the cap is dark in color.

The number of mushrooms with stalk (axis) length of about 5 to 8 cI11 and cap diameter of about 1 to 2.5 cm, which is considered desirable for oyster mushrooms, is less than half of that in Example 5, lacking a sense of volume. Moreover, the color of the umbrella is a little pale.

Example 6 To 280 g of sawdust, 45 g of milo powder (9% crude protein, 4% crude fat, 1.5% ash), 459 g of rice bran, and 120 mQ of water were added, and the culture medium with the moisture content adjusted to 67% was made into a culture medium with a volume of 800 g.
After filling in cc of plastic salt and sealing 12
High pressure sterilize at 0°C for 30 minutes.

Thereafter, the bacteria of Honshimeji mushrooms are inoculated and cultured for 28 days in a culture room at a room temperature of 24 to 27°C and a humidity of 60 to 70% for further ripening. 78 days after inoculation, half the amount was taken, and 83 days after inoculation, the bacteria were scraped, and the room temperature was 15°C and the humidity was 93-9.
Growth was carried out for 23 days in a 5% cultivation room.

As a control example, 280g of sawdust, 909g of rice bran, and 120g of water
Honshimeji mushrooms were cultured in the same manner as described above using a culture medium to which TPR (l) was added and the moisture content was adjusted to 67%.

However, bacterial scraping was performed 80 and 85 days after inoculation.

The results of determining the yield, cultivation period, and quality of Honshimeji fruiting bodies in the above Examples and Control Examples are shown in Table 6 below.
Shown below.

[Table 6] Example 6 (sawdust + milo flour + rice bran) Control example (sawdust + rice bran) Number of ripening days Number of growing days Total cultivation period 50 days 55 days 23 days 23 days 101 days 106 days Stem length approximately 5-8C1m Approximately 58 umbrellas (per plant) Approximately 60 umbrellas with a size of approximately 1.5 to 2.5 cm (per plant) Volume umbrella color Approximately 9 bottles Approximately 9 pieces Same as left Brown-brown Same as left 50 days 23rd, 103rd, 55th, 23rd, 108th Approximately 45 Approximately 51 Approximately 5 items Approximately 6 items are slightly chipped Same as left white and brown Same as left Example 7 Add 280 g of sawdust to Milo powder (crude protein 14%, crude fat 7%,
Ash content 3.0%) 45g, rice bran 459 and water 120ml
2 and the moisture content was adjusted to 67%.
After filling in 00cc of plastic salt and sealing it 1
High pressure sterilize at 20°C for 30 minutes.

Thereafter, the bacteria of Honshimeji mushrooms are inoculated and cultured in a culture room at a room temperature of 24 to 27°C and a humidity of 60 to 70% for further ripening. 78 and 83 days after inoculation, the bacteria were scraped and kept at room temperature 1.
Growth was carried out in a cultivation chamber at 5° C. and 93-95% humidity.

As a control example, sawdust 2809, rice bran 909 and water 120
Honshimeji mushrooms were cultivated in the same manner as described above using a culture medium to which IIIQ was added and the moisture content was adjusted to 67%.

However, bacterial scraping was performed 80 and 85 days after inoculation.

The determination results of the yield, cultivation period, and quality of Honshimeji fruiting bodies in the above Examples and Control Examples are shown in Table 7 below.
Shown below.

[Table 7] Example 7 (sawdust + milo flour + rice bran) Control example (sawdust + rice bran) Culture days Aging days Growing days Cultivation period Total fruiting body harvest Fruiting body quality 28 days 28 days 30 days 30 days 50 days 55 Day 50th 55E
I23rd 23rd 23rd 23rd
Day 101st 106th 103rd 1
08th Excellent l) Excellent 1) Good 2) Good 2) l) The desirable length of the stem (shaft) of Honshimeji is about 5 to 8 crs, and the diameter of the cap is about 1.5 to 2.5 crs.
M mushrooms have a large number of mushrooms and are voluminous, and the caps are dark in color.

The desirable length of the stem (shaft) for Honshimeji is about 5 to 8 cm and the diameter of the cap is about 1.5 to 2-5 cm.
The number of mushrooms was less than half that of Example 7, lacking in volume, and the color of the umbrella was a little pale.

Claims (1)

[Claims] A culture medium for cultivating mushrooms, comprising a mixture of milo powder and bran mixed with at least one of rice husk and sawdust.