JPH02299439A - Turbine generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To miniaturize a device by a method wherein a pair of steam inlet nozzles is provided at the upper and lower parts of the outer periphery of a casing so as to be penetrated through the frame of ferromagnetic material while steam is injected from both steam inlet nozzles into the casing. CONSTITUTION:The flux of a magnet 6 penetrates through a rotary body 4 and a casing 2 to constitute a magnetic circuit through the frame 7 of a ferromagnetic material while a lead wire 10 is arranged so as to cross the magnetic circuit. Steam is generated by the heat of a reactor and the steam is injected into the casing 2 through steam inlet nozzles 1a, 1b to bit the steam against a pressure receiving bucket 3, levitate the rotating body 4 in the casing 2 and rotate it under non-contact condition while a magnet 6 is rotated together with the rotary body 4 to move the flux, generate an electromotive force in the lead wire 10 by electromagnetic induction effect and generate an electric power. The steam is led out of a steam outlet nozzle 11 after it is used for the rotation of the rotary body 4, then, is condensed, reheated, evaporated and circulated.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a turbine generator in which a turbine and a generator are integrally constructed, and the rotating body rotates in a floating state and in an unsupported state.

(Prior Art) Hereinafter, a power generation system for a spacecraft will be exemplified as a prior art, but the application of the present invention is not limited to this.
For example, it can be applied in a gravity field as well as a zero gravity field, and the heat source is not limited to nuclear power, but any heat source such as fossil fuel can be applied.

Conventionally, power generation systems in spacecraft have adopted static methods that do not use dynamic equipment, such as chemical power generation, solar cell power generation, and radioisotope power generation.

However, as shown in Figure 8, this static power generation system had a limit to its electrical output.

That is, although chemical power generation is capable of relatively high output, it has the disadvantage of short service life.

In contrast, solar cell power generation and radioisotope power generation
It has a long service life, but on the other hand, its electrical output is low.

Conventional spacecraft consume relatively little power;
Static power generation systems such as solar cell power generation and radioisotope power generation were sufficient.

However, as the space program continues to develop,
Space facilities such as large spacecraft and space bases that require large amounts of energy are being planned.

For this reason, the first stage of static power generation is insufficient in terms of output, and in recent years, heat engine power generation systems using nuclear heat sources that are capable of high output are expected.

By the way, conventionally, as shown in FIG. 9, in a conventional ground turbine power generation system, steam is generated by a boiler 31, a turbine 32 is rotated by the steam, and a generator 33 is driven by the rotation of the turbine 32. It is designed to rotate.

The turbine 32 and the generator 33 are separate bodies, and as shown in FIG. The rotation of the impeller 36 is transmitted to the rotor 38 of the generator 33 via the rotating shaft 37.

In this turbine 32, since the rotating shaft 37 passes through the casing 35, a bearing 39 that rotatably supports the rotating shaft 37 in the casing 35 is connected to the casing 3 with the rotating shaft 37.
It is necessary to intervene between the In addition, casing 35
In order to seal the steam inside, the rotating shaft 37 and the casing 35
It is necessary to provide a sealing mechanism 40 to seal the opening.

Similarly, it is necessary to provide the generator 33 with a bearing 41 for supporting the rotating shaft 37.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, when the above-mentioned conventional ground-based nuclear power turbine power generation system is used in a spacecraft, there are the following problems.

■Turbine casings have bearings and seal mechanisms, and generators have bearings that require regular maintenance. However, since spacecraft fly for long periods of time, such regular maintenance is not possible, making it practically impossible to use nuclear power as an energy source.

■Fluid leaks from the turbine seal mechanism, so the fluid gradually decreases.

Furthermore, if the fluid is radioactive, the radioactive substances will be dissipated and the inside of the ship and outer space will be radioactively contaminated.

Since the 0-rotation shaft slides on the bearing part, it is likely to cause failure and has low reliability.

■Since the turbine and generator are separated, it is not suitable for spacecraft that require a small power generation system.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a turbine generator in which a turbine and a generator are integrated to achieve downsizing, and in which a bearing and a seal mechanism are eliminated.

(Method PU for solving the problem) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is composed of the following elements.

a casing, a rotating body disposed in an unsupported state inside the casing, and a plurality of rotating bodies provided at circumferential ends of the rotating body,
a pressure receiving part in which a surface on which fluid collides is formed in a bowl-shaped concave body;
A fluid inlet section provided to eject fluid toward the pressure receiving section, a magnet or a conductor provided to rotate integrally with the rotating body, and power generated by the rotation of the magnet or conductor. It consists of a fixed conductor or a fixed magnet provided in the

Here, the unsupported state refers to a state in which the rotating body is not pivotally supported by the casing and is separated from the casing.

(Example) An example of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. This embodiment is a turbine generator mounted on a spacecraft (not shown) in a weightless gravity environment, and uses nuclear power as its heat source.

Referring to FIG. 1, a steam inlet nozzle 1a on one side is an inlet portion for steam generated by heat of a nuclear reactor (not shown).
and the steam inlet nozzle 1b on the other side are connected to the ferromagnetic frame 7 described later.
These nozzles are provided vertically in the figure on the outer circumference of the casing 2 to eject steam into the casing 2 from both steam-inlet nozzles 1a, 11).

Inside the casing 2, there is provided a pressure receiving packet 3 which is a pressure receiving part that receives the steam ejected from the steam inlet nozzles 1a, lb, and these pressure receiving buckets 3 are connected to a disc-shaped rotating body 4.
Multiple pieces are attached to the outer periphery of the. This rotating body 4 is arranged in a non-supported state with respect to the casing 2. That is, the rotating body 4 is separated from the casing 2 without being pivotally supported by the casing 2, and is in a floating state.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 together, this rotating body 4 floats within the casing 2 and moves along a preset rotation line C (hereinafter referred to as a set rotation line) with respect to the casing 2. It is designed to rotate when in contact. That is, the steam collision surface 3a of the pressure receiving bucket 7 is curved into a bowl shape symmetrically with respect to the set rotation line C of the rotating body 4, and the center of this steam collision surface 3a is set to the set rotation line C. MC is attending.

The two opposing steam inlet nozzles la are arranged so as to eject steam at an equal angle θ with respect to the set rotation line C.
, lb are set in one configuration.

With such a configuration, when the center of the steam collision surface 3a of the rotating body 4 is rotating on the set rotation line C, an equal force of jetted steam acts on the pressure receiving bucket 3 from the opposite direction, but the collision of the jetted steam When the part deviates from the set rotation aC, the collision angle of the two ejected steams against the pressure receiving plate 3 changes, and a force is applied to return the rotating body 4 to the set rotation plane C. (This point will be discussed later) In addition, in order to prevent the steam from colliding with the pressure receiving packet 3 due to the attitude and position of the rotating body 4 at rest changing significantly under zero gravity, the inner wall of the casing 2 is attached in the circumferential direction. Rotating body restraining portions 5 are provided protruding from both sides of the rotating body 4. Due to this rotational restraint g5, the rotating body 4 does not deviate significantly from its center position. The rotating body restraint part 5 is divided into a plurality of parts at intervals in order to reduce the contact area with the rotating body 4 at the beginning of rotation and reduce friction.

A plurality of magnets 6 are radially fixed to both surfaces of the rotating body 4, and rotate integrally with the rotating body 4. Here, the magnet 6 may be either a permanent magnet or an electromagnet,
In the case of electromagnets, it is preferable to use a power supply device for movable members such as brushes.

A ferromagnetic frame 7 is provided outside the casing 2 to guide lines of magnetic force generated from the magnet 6 to form a magnetic circuit.

This ferromagnetic frame 7 is provided with a conductor through which the lines of magnetic force of the magnet 6 pass. That is, a conductor wire 10 is wound between the center hole 8 of the ferromagnetic frame 7 and a plurality of outer peripheral holes 9 formed in the circumferential direction outside the center hole 8 to form a coil. There is.

A steam outlet nozzle 11, which is a fluid outlet, extends from the center of the taping 2 in two directions, up and down in the figure, and comes out from the center hole 8 of the ferromagnetic frame 7. The steam is heated by the heat of the nuclear reactor, used to rotate the rotating body 4, and circulated.

One embodiment of the present invention configured as described above operates as follows.

With reference to FIG.
A magnetic circuit is formed through the magnetic circuit, and a conductive wire 10 is placed across the magnetic circuit.

Now, steam is generated by the heat of the nuclear reactor (not shown), and the steam is jetted into the casing 2 from the steam inlet nozzles la and lb, and collides with the pressure receiving packet 3 to float the rotating body 4 inside the casing 2 without contact. In this state, the magnet 6 is rotated together with the rotating body 4 to move the lines of magnetic force, and an electromotive force E is generated in the conducting wire 10 by electromagnetic induction to generate electricity. The steam used to rotate the rotating body 4 is led out from the steam outlet/spool 11, condensed, heated and evaporated again, and circulated.

As mentioned above, the rotating body 4 floats inside the casing 2 and rotates in a non-contact state, but the principle is explained in @2, 3 and @
This will be explained with reference to FIG.

The steam ejected from the steam inlet nozzles la and lb is
As shown in the figure, the steam collision surface 3a is curved in a concave shape symmetrically with respect to the set rotation aC in the pressure receiving packet 3.
, an equal angle θ is made from two opposing directions with respect to the set rotation line C.
collide with.

Assuming that the steam ejection force of both steam inlets/spools la and lb is P, both steam ejection vectors act on the pressure receiving packet 3 of the rotating body 4 with a combined force of 2P cos θ.

In this case, the other vectors cancel each other out, so no residual forces in other directions act on the pressure receiving packet 3.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, since the pressure receiving packets 3 are provided symmetrically with respect to the center of the rotating body 4, the pressure receiving packets 3 located symmetrically act toward the center of the rotating body 4. Forces cancel each other out. Therefore, the kinetic energy of the steam does not move the center of rotation of the rotating body 4, but only acts as a rotational moment M that rotates the rotating body 4.

Next, when the rotating body 4 begins to rotate or when the spacecraft makes a sudden direction change, the collision position of the steam against the steam collision surface 3a of the pressure bucket 3 is temporarily changed to the set rotation line C.
will no longer match.

For example, as shown in FIG. 4, assume that the pressure receiving packet 3 is shifted upward in the figure by a distance d from the set rotation #XC. Then, the point of action of the steam composite vector 2Pcosθ, which was acting on the 0 point of the steam collision surface 3a in the normal state, moves to the β point on the steam collision surface 3a. Here, 2Pcosθ is the vector that the steam has,
Since the pressure packet 3 has a curvature, there is a vector F that pushes the pressure packet 3 in the vertical direction depending on the tangential angle of the steam collision surface 3a, and a vector F2 that changes the flow direction of the steam by colliding with the steam collision surface 3a. It is decomposed into.

In other words, the vector F1 is placed at point β on the vapor collision surface 3a.
Decomposed into the Y coordinate system, vectors F and x that try to rotate the pressure receiving packet 3 in the rotational direction and vector Fly that try to lower the pressure receiving packet 3 act. This vector Fly moves the pressure receiving packet 3 downward, the 0 point moves toward the β point, and the pressure receiving packet 3 returns to the normal setting position tic. On the regular setting rotation line C,
Since the steam acts perpendicularly to the steam collision surface 3a, the vector Fu' is not generated, and the entire vector 2Pcos θ becomes the rotation vector of the pressure receiving packet 3 and is used for f.

In addition, the shape of the pressure bucket 3 is bowl-shaped, and the point of action of the combined vector of the ejected steam is concentrated at one point, so only when the positional shift occurs in the Y-axis direction in Figure 4 It is clear that even when the rotation occurs in the Z-axis direction, a similar action causes a correction force to return to the set rotation line.

As explained above, according to the present invention, the rotating body 4 rotates with the same center of rotation and in accordance with the set rotation FAC, so that it floats within the casing 4 and rotates in a non-contact state. becomes.

Furthermore, during rinsing, the rotary body 4 is restrained in its posture by the rotary body restraint TR section 5 so as not to shift its center position too much, so that when the rotation starts, the steam inlet nozzle l
The steam ejected from a and lb does not come off from the pressure receiving packet 3.

Up to this point, an embodiment has been described in which a plurality of steam inlet nozzles la and l'b are installed so as to face the set rotation line C, but the present invention is limited to the above embodiment. It is not something that will be done. That is, in order to rotate the rotating body 4 without contact, the arrangement of the steam inlet nozzles is not limited to the arrangement of the above embodiment, but may be arranged in a dog-like arrangement.

FIG. 6 schematically shows the main parts of a generator system having the same structure as FIG. 1 except for the arrangement of the steam inlet nozzle 1 to the extent necessary for explanation. Referring to FIG. 6, a plurality of pressure receiving packets 3 are attached to the outer periphery of the rotating body 4, and the steam inlet nozzle 1 is arranged so as to be located on a set rotation line (not shown in FIG. 6). and rotating body 4
A plurality of steam inlets/spools 1 are installed symmetrically in the transverse direction of the casing 2 so that the ejected steam hits the same position on the bowl-shaped concave surface of the pressure receiving part 3 when the casing is in a regular non-contact rotation state.

Even in this arrangement of the steam inlet nozzle 1, only a rotational moment is generated in the rotating body 4, and the rotating body 4 can be rotated without contact. The principle of generating the correction force when the collision position of the steam with respect to the steam collision surface is temporarily shifted has already been described, so a description thereof will be omitted here.

In this turbine generator, since the turbine and the generator are integrated, it can be miniaturized and is suitable for being mounted on a spacecraft.

The turbine and generator are integrally constructed, and there is no shaft for transmitting rotation from the turbine to the generator as in the past, so there is no bearing to support the shaft, and the hole for passing the sleeve is in the casing 4. There is no sealing mechanism to seal the hole.

Since there is no bearing or seal mechanism, there is no need for regular maintenance and inspection, making it suitable for spacecraft that fly for long periods of time.

Since the turbine and the generator are integrated, and there is no shaft for transmitting rotation from the turbine to the generator like in the past, there is no hole in the casing 2 for the shaft to pass through, so the casing 2
is sealed so that the fluid will not leak out of the casing 2 and be reduced, and the radioactive fluid will not be dissipated into the spacecraft and become contaminated.

Since the turbine and the generator are integrated, and there is no shaft for transmitting rotation from the turbine to the generator as in the past, there is no bearing to support the shaft. In this way, since there is no bearing which is the sliding part WJ, reliability is improved.

In the above explanation, we have explained the turbine generator under zero gravity, but even in a gravity field, by appropriately designing the steam ejection force and the weight of the rotating body, etc., the return force can be increased and the This allows the rotating body to float inside the casing against the settling force of gravity.

Further, when used in a gravitational field, it is preferable to provide a structure in which wings 22 are provided to generate lift force that resists the gravity G, as shown in FIG. That is, a plurality of blades 22 are cut and raised in the circumferential direction of a rotating body 21, and as the rotating body 4 rotates, the blades 22 send out air as shown by arrow Q in the figure, thereby creating a lift force that resists gravity G. is designed to occur.

The present invention is not limited to the examples listed above,
For example, in order to form a magnetic field line circuit, the casing may be made of a ferromagnetic material instead of the ferromagnetic frame provided outside the casing.

Alternatively, a conductor may be provided on the rotating body, and magnets may be placed outside the rotating body, such as in a casing or a ferromagnetic frame.

Furthermore, as mentioned above, the application of the present invention is not limited to being mounted on a spacecraft, but can also be applied in a gravitational field.
The heat source is not limited to nuclear power either, and may be any source such as fossil fuel.

Furthermore, the number of steam inlets and steam outlets may be arbitrary.

(Effect of the invention) According to the present invention described above, the following effects are achieved.

■Since the turbine and generator are integrated, the power generation system can be made smaller.

■The turbine and generator are integrated, and there is no shaft for transmitting rotation from the turbine to the generator (as in the conventional case), so there is no bearing to support the shaft, and there is no hole for the shaft to pass through. Since it is not in the casing, there is no sealing mechanism to seal that hole.In this way, there is no bearing or sealing mechanism, so
It can be operated for a long time without maintenance and inspection.

■The turbine and generator are integrated, and there is no shaft for transmitting rotation from the turbine to the generator as in the past, so there is no hole in the casing for the shaft to pass through, so the casing is sealed and fluid is not allowed to pass through. It will not leak out of the casing and decrease.

■The turbine and generator are integrated, and there is no shaft for transmitting rotation from the turbine to the generator as in the past, so there are no bearings to support the sleeves, and the bearings that are the sliding parts are As a result, reliability is improved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure fjS1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a working state diagram showing steam jetting against the pressure receiving packet. Figure PS3 is another operational state diagram showing steam jetting against the pressure receiving packet. FIG. 4 is yet another operational state diagram showing steam jetting against the pressure receiving packet. FIG. 5 is a working state diagram showing the power generation action of this embodiment. FIG. 6(A) is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6(B) is a sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 6(A). FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing the main parts of another embodiment. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the life and output of various power generation means. FIG. 9 is a system diagram of a known power generation system. FIG. 10 is a schematic enlarged view of a part of FIG. 8. la, Ib: Steam inlet nozzle 2: Casing 3: Pressure receiving bucket) 3a: Steam collision surface 4: Rotating body 5: Rotating body restraining part 6: Magnet 7: Ferromagnetic frame 10: Conductor 11: Steam outlet nozzle Rotating to 2 Body 22:! Agent A Patent Attorney Tsuji Sanbe (1 person) Figure 1 Figure 6 (In Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 8 1 hour 1 day January 1 year 10 years (shared lifespan)

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A casing, a rotating body disposed in an unsupported state inside the casing, and a plurality of pressure receiving parts provided at the circumferential end of the rotating body, each of which has a bowl-shaped concave surface on which fluid collides. a fluid inlet section provided to eject fluid toward the pressure receiving section; a magnet or a conductor provided to rotate integrally with the rotating body; and power generated by the rotation of the magnet or conductor. What is claimed is: 1. A turbine generator comprising: a fixed conductor or a fixed magnet; (2) A casing, a rotating body disposed in an unsupported state inside the casing, and a plurality of pressure receiving parts provided at the circumferential end of the rotating body, each of which has a bowl-shaped concave surface on which fluid collides. a fluid inlet section provided to eject fluid toward the pressure receiving section at an angle equal to a set rotation line of the rotating body; and a magnet provided to rotate integrally with the rotating body. , a ferromagnetic frame provided to guide magnetic lines of force generated from the magnet to form a magnetic circuit, and a conductor provided in the ferromagnetic frame and generated by the rotating magnet. A turbine generator characterized by: (3) The turbine generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotating body is provided with wings for generating lift by rotation of the rotating body.