JPH0229944Y2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0229944Y2 JPH0229944Y2 JP3619583U JP3619583U JPH0229944Y2 JP H0229944 Y2 JPH0229944 Y2 JP H0229944Y2 JP 3619583 U JP3619583 U JP 3619583U JP 3619583 U JP3619583 U JP 3619583U JP H0229944 Y2 JPH0229944 Y2 JP H0229944Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- terminal
- sealed
- case
- mounting hole
- cover plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000959 ear middle Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000833 kovar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y02E60/12—
Landscapes
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Connections Arranged To Contact A Plurality Of Conductors (AREA)
- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
Description
【考案の詳細な説明】
この考案は、人工中耳用等の人体埋込型電源装
置における密封端子の取付構造に関し、密閉ケー
スの蓋部と密封端子との接合面の溶接を確実に
し、かつ、安価にすることを目的とする。[Detailed description of the invention] This invention relates to a mounting structure for a sealed terminal in a human body implantable power supply device such as a middle ear implant, which ensures the welding of the joint surface between the lid of the sealed case and the sealed terminal, and , the purpose is to make it cheaper.
一般に、生体内に植込みされる機器において
は、安全性および信頼性が高く生体との組織反応
のないものが要求される。このため、たとえば、
人工中耳用の電源装置では、各種電気回路部品を
ステンレス製の密閉ケースで気密に覆い、生体内
への植込みを可能にしている。 Generally, devices to be implanted in a living body are required to be highly safe and reliable and have no tissue reaction with the living body. For this reason, for example:
In power supplies for middle ear implants, the various electrical circuit components are hermetically sealed in a stainless steel case, allowing implantation into living organisms.
すなわち、この種人工中耳用の小形の充電式電
源装置は、第1図および第2図に示すように構成
され、開口部を有し上ケース1と下ケース2とか
らなる偏平なステンレス(SUS316L)製の密閉
ケース3と、該密閉ケース3の開口部を閉塞する
ステンレス(SUS316L)製の蓋板4とにより、
電源装置の外装ケースが構成されるとともに、基
板上に取り付けられた環状のコイルボビン6と、
該コイルボビン6に巻回された2次コイル7と、
コイルボビン6内に収容された2次電池8および
充電回路、フイルター、安全装置等の回路部品9
とにより、電磁結合型充電装置の2次側構成部1
0が構成され、上ケース1と下ケース2とがレー
ザー溶接により一体化されて密閉ケース3が形成
されるとともに、2次側構成部10が密閉ケース
3内に収納され、密閉ケース3が蓋板4により閉
塞され、該蓋板4が密閉ケース3にレーザー溶接
により気密に固定されている。そして、2次電池
8に充電する場合、高周波交流電源と1次コイル
とからなる電磁結合型充電装置の1次側構成部を
設け、交流電源を駆動して1次コイルを密閉ケー
ス3の外側から2次コイル7に近接することによ
り、1次コイルと2次コイル7との電磁的結合に
より2次電池8の充電が行なわれる。 That is, this type of compact rechargeable power supply device for middle ear implants is constructed as shown in FIGS. A sealed case 3 made of stainless steel (SUS316L) and a lid plate 4 made of stainless steel (SUS316L) that closes the opening of the sealed case 3,
An annular coil bobbin 6 that constitutes the exterior case of the power supply device and is attached to the board;
a secondary coil 7 wound around the coil bobbin 6;
A secondary battery 8 housed in the coil bobbin 6 and circuit components 9 such as a charging circuit, a filter, and a safety device.
Accordingly, the secondary side component 1 of the electromagnetically coupled charging device
0 is constructed, the upper case 1 and the lower case 2 are integrated by laser welding to form a sealed case 3, the secondary side component 10 is housed in the sealed case 3, and the sealed case 3 is closed with a lid. It is closed by a plate 4, and the lid plate 4 is hermetically fixed to the sealed case 3 by laser welding. When charging the secondary battery 8, a primary side component of an electromagnetic coupling type charging device consisting of a high frequency AC power source and a primary coil is provided, and the AC power source is driven to move the primary coil outside the sealed case 3. By coming close to the secondary coil 7, the secondary battery 8 is charged by electromagnetic coupling between the primary coil and the secondary coil 7.
このように、この種電源装置においては、その
ケース接合面、すなわち上ケース1と下ケース2
との接合面および密閉ケース3と蓋板4との接合
面がそれぞれレーザー溶接により気密に接合され
るため、完全密封が可能となり、高信頼性が得ら
れるものである。 In this way, in this type of power supply device, the case joint surfaces, that is, the upper case 1 and the lower case 2
Since the joint surfaces between the sealing case 3 and the lid plate 4 are airtightly joined by laser welding, complete sealing is possible and high reliability is achieved.
そして、前述の充電式電源装置において、密閉
ケース3内の2次電池8の電源を外部のアンプ等
の負荷に供給する場合、同図に示すように、基板
5上から電源端子の端子棒11,12を外部に引
き出す必要があり、この場合、一般的に水晶振動
子のケースの端子部に用いられているハーメチツ
ク端子、すなわち両端子棒11,12が気密に貫
設された密封端子13を使用し、該密封端子13
を蓋板4に固定している。この密封端子13は、
第3図に示すように、コバール金属からなり開口
部周縁に鍔部14を有する横長の端子容器15
と、該端子容器15の底壁の2個の孔にそれぞれ
遊貫された2本の端子棒11,12と、端子容器
15に封入され両端子棒11,12を固定したガ
ラス16とにより構成され、両端子棒11,12
間が絶縁されるとともに、端子容器15の両孔と
両端子棒11,12とのそれぞれの間が確実にシ
ールされている。 In the above-described rechargeable power supply device, when supplying power from the secondary battery 8 inside the sealed case 3 to an external load such as an amplifier, the terminal bar 11 of the power terminal is connected from the board 5 as shown in the figure. , 12 to the outside. In this case, it is necessary to use a hermetic terminal that is generally used for the terminal part of the case of a crystal resonator, that is, a sealed terminal 13 in which both terminal rods 11 and 12 are hermetically penetrated. Use the sealed terminal 13
is fixed to the cover plate 4. This sealed terminal 13 is
As shown in FIG. 3, an oblong terminal container 15 made of Kovar metal and having a flange 14 around the opening.
, two terminal rods 11 and 12 loosely inserted into two holes in the bottom wall of the terminal container 15, and a glass 16 sealed in the terminal container 15 and fixing both the terminal rods 11 and 12. and both terminal rods 11, 12
In addition to being insulated from each other, the spaces between both holes of the terminal container 15 and both terminal bars 11 and 12 are reliably sealed.
ところで、前記密封端子13を蓋板4に固定す
る従来の密封端子の取付装置は、第4図および第
5図に示すように、蓋板4の中央部に端子容器1
5の外形に等しい形状の横長の取付孔17が透設
され、該取付孔17に密封端子13の端子容器1
5が上方から嵌合されるとともに、蓋板4と端子
容器15の鍔部14との環状の接合面がレーザー
溶接により溶接され、密封端子13が気密に固定
されている。なお、18はレーザー溶接による溶
融金属を示す。 By the way, the conventional sealed terminal mounting device for fixing the sealed terminal 13 to the cover plate 4 has a terminal container 1 attached to the center of the cover plate 4, as shown in FIGS.
A horizontally long mounting hole 17 having a shape equal to the external shape of the terminal case 1 of the sealed terminal 13 is transparently provided in the mounting hole 17.
5 are fitted from above, and the annular joint surfaces of the cover plate 4 and the flange 14 of the terminal container 15 are welded by laser welding, and the sealed terminal 13 is hermetically fixed. Note that 18 indicates molten metal by laser welding.
しかし、前記従来の取付装置によると、蓋板4
には取付孔17が透設されるのみであり、構造を
簡単にできる反面、蓋板4と密封端子13の鍔部
14との溶接においては、ステンレスとコバール
金属との異種金属の溶接になり、しかも、当該接
合面には段差があるため、溶接作業が困難になる
とともに、両金属の膨張、収縮率の違いにより接
合面にひび割れが生じ、所定の気密性能が得られ
なくなる欠点がある。 However, according to the conventional mounting device, the lid plate 4
Although the mounting hole 17 is only transparently provided in the terminal, which simplifies the structure, the welding between the cover plate 4 and the flange 14 of the sealed terminal 13 requires welding of dissimilar metals such as stainless steel and Kovar metal. Furthermore, since there is a step in the joint surface, welding work becomes difficult, and cracks occur in the joint surface due to the difference in expansion and contraction rates of the two metals, making it impossible to obtain the desired airtight performance.
そこで、前述の欠点を解消するため、第6図に
示すように、蓋板4の中央部に絞り加工による横
長の取付孔17′を形成し、該取付孔17′の上部
周縁の絞り部19に密封端子13の鍔部14を嵌
合して蓋板4と鍔部14との環状の接合面を同一
面に形成し、該接合面をレーザー溶接している。 Therefore, in order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, as shown in FIG. The flange 14 of the sealed terminal 13 is fitted to the annular joint surface of the cover plate 4 and the flange 14 to form the same annular joint surface, and the joint surface is laser welded.
これによると、蓋板4と鍔部14との接合面に
段差がないため、従来のような溶接による不都合
を回避できるが、蓋板4の取付孔17′および絞
り部19を金型で抜いて形成するため、非常に高
価となり、しかも、取付孔17′の周縁の曲げ部
分の高さが蓋板4の厚みの2倍程度必要になるの
みならず、密封端子13を固定する部分がない等
の欠点がある。 According to this, since there is no step between the joint surface of the cover plate 4 and the flange part 14, the inconvenience caused by conventional welding can be avoided, but the attachment hole 17' and the constricted part 19 of the cover plate 4 can be punched out with a mold. The height of the bent portion around the mounting hole 17' must be approximately twice the thickness of the cover plate 4, and there is no part for fixing the sealed terminal 13. There are drawbacks such as.
この考案は、前記の点に留意してなされたもの
であり、電気回路部品が収納された金属性密閉ケ
ースの蓋部に取付孔を透設し、鍔部を有するとと
もに端子棒が気密に貫通された密封端子を前記取
付孔に嵌合して固定する密封端子の取付装置にお
いて、前記蓋部の前記取付孔の外周部にエツチン
グにより段部を形成するとともに、前記取付孔に
嵌合された前記密封端子の鍔部と前記段部との間
に同一面の接合面を形成し、前記接合面をレーザ
ー溶接して前記密封端子を固定した密封端子の取
付装置を提供するものである。 This idea was made with the above-mentioned points in mind; a mounting hole was made through the lid of the metal sealed case in which the electrical circuit components were housed, and the terminal rod was passed through the flange in an airtight manner. In the sealed terminal mounting device for fitting and fixing a sealed terminal into the mounting hole, a stepped portion is formed by etching on the outer periphery of the mounting hole of the lid, and the terminal is fitted into the mounting hole. The present invention provides a sealed terminal mounting device in which a joint surface of the same plane is formed between the flange portion of the sealed terminal and the step portion, and the sealed terminal is fixed by laser welding the joint surface.
したがつて、この考案の密封端子の取付装置に
よると、蓋部の取付孔の外周部にエツチングによ
る段部を形成することにより、蓋部と取付孔に嵌
合された密封端子の鍔部との間に同一面の接合面
を形成することができ、該接合面のレーザー溶接
が確実に行なえ、ひび割れを生じることはなく、
しかも、前記段部はエツチングにより簡単に形成
できるため、安価にできるものであり、従来の欠
点を解消できるものである。 Therefore, according to the sealed terminal mounting device of this invention, by forming a step by etching on the outer periphery of the mounting hole of the lid, the flange of the sealed terminal fitted into the lid and the mounting hole can be easily connected to each other. A coplanar joint surface can be formed between the two, and the laser welding of the joint surface can be performed reliably without cracking.
Furthermore, since the stepped portion can be easily formed by etching, it can be made at low cost, and the drawbacks of the conventional method can be overcome.
つぎにこの考案を、人工中耳用充電式電源装置
に適用した場合の実施例の要部を示した第7図以
下の図面とともに詳細に説明する。なお、これら
の図面において、前記と同一記号は同一もしくは
対応するものを示すものとする。 Next, this invention will be explained in detail with reference to FIG. 7 and subsequent drawings showing the main parts of an embodiment when applied to a rechargeable power supply device for a middle ear implant. Note that in these drawings, the same symbols as above indicate the same or corresponding items.
まず、1実施例を示した第7図および第8図に
ついて説明する。 First, FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 showing one embodiment will be explained.
同図に示すように、厚さ0.4mmのステンレス
(SUS316L)製の蓋板4の中央部に密封端子13
の端子容器15の外形に等しい形状の横長の取付
孔17を透設するとともに、該取付孔17の上端
部周縁に、幅が密封端子13の鍔部14の幅に等
しく厚さが鍔部14の厚み0.2mmに等しい環状の
段部20をエツチングにより形成し、密封端子1
3の端子容器15を蓋板4の取付孔17に上方か
ら嵌合するとともに、密封端子13の鍔部14を
段部20に隙間なく嵌合し、蓋板4の上面と鍔部
14の上面との間に同一水平面の環状の接合面2
1を形成する。この場合、鍔部14が段部20に
嵌まり込むことにより、密封端子13が支持され
固定される。そして、当該接合面21をレーザー
溶接により溶接し、レーザー溶接による溶融金属
18により密封端子13を蓋板4に気密に固定す
る。 As shown in the figure, a sealed terminal 13 is installed in the center of the cover plate 4 made of stainless steel (SUS316L) with a thickness of 0.4 mm.
A horizontally long mounting hole 17 having a shape equal to the outer shape of the terminal container 15 is provided therethrough, and a flange 14 having a width equal to the width of the flange 14 of the sealed terminal 13 and a thickness equal to the width of the flange 14 of the sealed terminal 13 is provided at the upper edge of the mounting hole 17. An annular step 20 having a thickness of 0.2 mm is formed by etching, and the sealed terminal 1 is
The terminal container 15 of No. 3 is fitted into the mounting hole 17 of the cover plate 4 from above, and the flange 14 of the sealed terminal 13 is fitted into the stepped part 20 without any gap, so that the upper surface of the cover plate 4 and the upper surface of the flange 14 are fitted. Annular joint surface 2 of the same horizontal plane between
Form 1. In this case, the sealed terminal 13 is supported and fixed by fitting the flange portion 14 into the stepped portion 20. Then, the joint surface 21 is welded by laser welding, and the sealed terminal 13 is hermetically fixed to the cover plate 4 with the molten metal 18 by laser welding.
したがつて、前記実施例によると、蓋板4と密
封端子13の鍔部14との間に段差および隙間の
ない接合面21を形成できるため、レーザー溶接
による溶接が確実に行なえ、従来のようなひび割
れを生じることはなく、しかも、蓋板4の段部2
0をエツチングにより形成でき、この種段部20
の形状を比較的自由に形成できるため、段部20
の形成が極めて容易となり、費用も大幅に軽減で
きるものである。 Therefore, according to the embodiment described above, since the joint surface 21 without steps and gaps can be formed between the cover plate 4 and the flange 14 of the sealed terminal 13, welding by laser welding can be performed reliably, and it is possible to perform welding by laser welding as required in the conventional method. No cracks will occur, and the step 2 of the cover plate 4
0 can be formed by etching, and this type of stepped portion 20 can be formed by etching.
Since the shape of the stepped portion 20 can be formed relatively freely,
This makes it extremely easy to form, and costs can be significantly reduced.
つぎに、他の実施例を示した第9図について説
明する。 Next, FIG. 9 showing another embodiment will be explained.
同図に示すものは、蓋板4の取付孔17の外周
部上面、すなわち取付孔17の周縁より密封端子
13の鍔部14の幅寸法だけ外周方向へずれた位
置からの外周部の上面に、エツチングによる段部
22を形成するとともに、取付孔17に嵌合され
た密封端子13の鍔部14の外周面と前記段部2
2の外周面との間に同一周面の環状の接合面23
を形成し、当該接合面23をレーザー溶接して密
封端子13を蓋板4に気密に固定したものであ
る。 What is shown in the figure is the upper surface of the outer periphery of the mounting hole 17 of the cover plate 4, that is, the upper surface of the outer periphery from a position shifted toward the outer periphery from the periphery of the mounting hole 17 by the width dimension of the flange 14 of the sealed terminal 13. , a step 22 is formed by etching, and the outer peripheral surface of the flange 14 of the sealed terminal 13 fitted in the mounting hole 17 and the step 2 are formed by etching.
An annular joint surface 23 having the same circumferential surface between the outer circumferential surface of 2 and the outer circumferential surface of
The sealed terminal 13 is hermetically fixed to the cover plate 4 by laser welding the joining surface 23.
したがつて、前記とは溶接面が異なるが、前述
と同様の効果を得ることができるものである。 Therefore, although the welding surface is different from that described above, the same effects as those described above can be obtained.
第1図および第2図は一般の人工中耳用充電式
電源装置の斜視図および分解斜視図、第3図aお
よびbは密封端子の一部切欠正面図および下面
図、第4図および第5図は従来の密封端子の取付
装置を示し、第4図は正面図、第5図aおよびb
は蓋板の正面図および平面図、第6図は従来の他
の密封端子の取付装置の切断正面図、第7図以下
の図面はこの考案の密封端子の取付装置の実施例
の要部を示し、第7図および第8図は1実施例を
示し、第7図は切断正面図、第8図aおよびbは
蓋板の正面図および平面図、第9図は他の実施例
の切断正面図である。
3……密閉ケース、10……2次側構成部、7
……2次コイル、8……2次電池、9……回路部
品、1……上ケース、2……下ケース、4……蓋
板、17……取付孔、14……鍔部、11,12
……端子棒、13……密封端子、20,22……
段部、21,23……接合面。
Figures 1 and 2 are a perspective view and an exploded perspective view of a general rechargeable power supply device for middle ear implants, Figures 3a and b are partially cutaway front and bottom views of a sealed terminal, Figures 4 and 2 are Figure 5 shows a conventional sealed terminal mounting device, Figure 4 is a front view, Figure 5 a and b
6 is a cutaway front view of another conventional sealed terminal mounting device, and FIG. 7 and the following drawings show the main parts of an embodiment of the sealed terminal mounting device of this invention. 7 and 8 show one embodiment, FIG. 7 is a cutaway front view, FIGS. 8a and b are a front view and plan view of the lid plate, and FIG. 9 is a cutaway of another embodiment. It is a front view. 3... Sealed case, 10... Secondary side component, 7
... Secondary coil, 8 ... Secondary battery, 9 ... Circuit components, 1 ... Upper case, 2 ... Lower case, 4 ... Lid plate, 17 ... Mounting hole, 14 ... Flange, 11 ,12
...Terminal bar, 13... Sealed terminal, 20, 22...
Stepped portion, 21, 23... joint surface.
Claims (1)
磁結合型充電装置の2次側を構成する2次コイ
ル、2次電池を含む充電回路部品とより構成さ
れ、前記密封ケースを開口部を有する上下ケース
と該開口部を閉塞する蓋板とにより構成し、前記
蓋板に取付孔を透設し、鍔部を有するとともに端
子棒が気密に貫通された密封端子を前記取付孔に
嵌合して固定するものであつて、前記蓋板の前記
取付孔の外周部にエツチングにより段部を形成す
るとともに、前記取付孔に嵌合された前記密封端
子の鍔部と前記段部との間に同一面の接合面を形
成し、前記接合面をレーザー溶接して前記密封端
子を固定した人体埋込型電源装置。 It consists of a metal sealed case, and charging circuit components including a secondary coil and a secondary battery that are housed in the case and constitute the secondary side of an electromagnetic coupling type charging device, and the sealed case is separated into upper and lower parts having an opening. It is composed of a case and a cover plate that closes the opening, a mounting hole is provided in the cover plate, and a sealed terminal having a flange and having a terminal rod passed through it in an airtight manner is fitted into the mounting hole. A stepped portion is formed by etching on the outer periphery of the mounting hole of the cover plate, and an identical step is formed between the flange of the sealed terminal fitted in the mounting hole and the stepped portion. A human body implantable power supply device, wherein a joint surface is formed and the sealed terminal is fixed by laser welding the joint surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3619583U JPS59144779U (en) | 1983-03-15 | 1983-03-15 | Sealed terminal mounting device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3619583U JPS59144779U (en) | 1983-03-15 | 1983-03-15 | Sealed terminal mounting device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59144779U JPS59144779U (en) | 1984-09-27 |
| JPH0229944Y2 true JPH0229944Y2 (en) | 1990-08-13 |
Family
ID=30166871
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3619583U Granted JPS59144779U (en) | 1983-03-15 | 1983-03-15 | Sealed terminal mounting device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59144779U (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5973229B2 (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2016-08-23 | 日立マクセル株式会社 | Battery unit |
-
1983
- 1983-03-15 JP JP3619583U patent/JPS59144779U/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59144779U (en) | 1984-09-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4785827A (en) | Subcutaneous housing assembly | |
| US7103415B2 (en) | Contoured housing for an implantable medical device | |
| US8065009B2 (en) | Header over-molded on a feedthrough assembly for an implantable device | |
| US7069081B2 (en) | One piece header assembly for an implantable medical device | |
| JPH0229944Y2 (en) | ||
| JP2001135282A (en) | Sealed battery | |
| EP1928547B1 (en) | Implantable medical device with interweldable housing and header | |
| GB1145027A (en) | Electro-acoustic transducer | |
| EP4226968B1 (en) | Ferrule for non-planar medical device housing | |
| JPH04102548U (en) | deflection yoke device | |
| JPS639093Y2 (en) | ||
| JP2749064B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of filter case for magnetron | |
| US8644935B2 (en) | Methods of forming sealed devices containing heat sensitive components | |
| EP4611881A1 (en) | Systems and methods for implantable device enclosures | |
| JPH09173477A (en) | Sealed container for living body implantation | |
| JPS6035966Y2 (en) | airtight terminal | |
| JPH0396046U (en) | ||
| JPH022268Y2 (en) | ||
| JPH02228111A (en) | Airtight package | |
| JPH067575Y2 (en) | Airtight terminal | |
| JPS5836109Y2 (en) | Small sealed relay | |
| JPH10228284A (en) | Electromagnetic sounding body fitting structure | |
| JP3062141U (en) | Thin transformer | |
| JPH0324247U (en) | ||
| JPS61285640A (en) | Magnetron filter apparatus |