JPH0230351A - Manufacture of square washer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the square washer at low cost by performing swaging a billet obtained by cutting a steel round bar crosswise, setting its radial direction to upper and lower sides at inside a die, upsetting in the die, then, forming a through hole for a bolt by working in a few stages and easy working. CONSTITUTION:The billet 11 manufactured by cutting the steel round bar 10 crosswise is set into the die 12 in the state where it is put its radial direction to the upper and lower sides direction. Then, a punch 14 is put down to perform the upsetting to press-fit on the billet 11 in the radial direction, and to push into the die 12. By this method, an intermediate product 15 of square plate having R-shaped connecting part of the lower surface and the right side face is manufactured. Then, the intermediate product 15 is disposed in the state that its burr 16 is to get fast to the round part around the opening on the upper face of the die 19. Subsequently, the upper die is put down to push down the intermediate product 15 and to form the through hole 2 for the bolt and to remove the burr 16. After that, the upper die 18 is lifted up to remove the material adhered on the upper die 18 by a stripper to obtain the square washer 1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a square washer used, for example, in fastening railway rails.

In this specification, up and down refer to the top and bottom of the drawing.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Conventionally, square washers of this type have been manufactured by shearing a rolled plate using a shear to create a rectangular plate and forming a bolt penetration portion consisting of a through hole or notch.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, the thickness of commercially available rolled plates is not abundant and often does not match the thickness of the square washer required. It was necessary to apply cold rolling or hot rolling in advance to match the thickness of the rolled plate to that of the square washer. Furthermore, in order to prevent material loss, it was necessary to perform shearing separately in the vertical and horizontal directions. Therefore, there are problems in that the number of steps increases, the work is troublesome, and the cost increases. In addition, especially for square washers used for fastening railway rails, it is necessary to have a rounded connection between either the upper or lower side and one side. The washer was further forged to form the connecting portion into a rounded shape. However, in this case, there was a problem that the number of steps further increased. Moreover,
Since the forging process is carried out after the connecting portion is first made substantially perpendicular, there is a problem in that it involves unreasonable material flow and requires a large force for the process.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a square washer that solves the above problems.

Means for Solving the Problems The method for manufacturing a square washer according to the present invention includes the steps of cutting a steel bar with a circular cross section into rings to create a cylindrical material of a predetermined height; , the process of creating a rectangular plate-shaped intermediate product by arranging the material in a mold so that its radial direction faces up and down, and performing an upsetting process on the material to compress it in the radial direction; It is characterized by the steps of forming a bolt penetration part and making a square washer.

In the above, the steel bar is cut using a cutter such as a saw, and by shearing using a shear or the like.

Further, in the above description, it goes without saying that the cylindrical materials include those whose height is smaller than their diameter.

Moreover, it is preferable that the tip of the knockout pin used in the mold protrudes into the mold.

This is because the wall thickness of the intermediate product becomes thinner in the portion where the knockout pin is present, and the formation of the bolt penetration portion in the subsequent process becomes difficult.

This is particularly effective when manufacturing square washers with large wall thicknesses. It is preferable that the entire in-mold protruding portion of the knockout pin has a tapered shape or a convex spherical shape. This is to avoid disturbing the smooth plastic flow of the material during forging. Further, the bolt penetration portion includes both a through hole and a notch.

Function: According to the method of the present invention, a steel bar with a circular cross section is cut into rings to a predetermined height and used as the cylindrical material. A material with a volume that matches the dimensions can be easily obtained in one process. In addition, since a rectangular plate-shaped intermediate product is created by upsetting a cylindrical material using a mold to compress it in the radial direction, the distance between the bottom of the mold and the bottom of the punch can be adjusted. By doing so, it is possible to easily produce an intermediate product for square washers that matches the required plate thickness in one process. Then, a square washer can be made by forming a bolt penetration part in this intermediate product.

Example Embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In the following description, left and right refer to the left and right sides of the drawing.

FIG. 4 shows a square washer manufactured by the method of the invention. In FIG. 4, the square washer (1) has a rectangular shape when viewed from above, and the connecting part between the lower surface and the right side surface is rounded,
A bolt through hole (2) (bolt through portion) is formed in the center.

Next, a method for manufacturing a square washer will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. .

FIG. 1 shows the process of making a cylindrical material.

That is, a steel bar (10) with a circular cross section is cut with a saw (not shown).
Cut this into rounds using a cylindrical tool to create a cylindrical material (1 piece) of a predetermined height.

Figure 2 shows the process of making an intermediate product by subjecting a cylindrical material (11) to upsetting. First, the device will be explained. The device consists of a mold (12) with a knockout pin (13) and a punch (14) placed above the mold (12). The mold (12) has a square shape when viewed from above,
Its depth is slightly shallower than the wall thickness of the square washer (1) to be manufactured. The top surface of the knockout pin (13) and the bottom surface of the mold (12) are flush with each other. In addition, the mold (1
2) The connecting part between the bottom surface and the right side surface is rounded. Using such a device, the cylindrical material (11) is placed into the mold (12) with its radial direction facing up and down and a portion protruding upward from the mold (12) (second (See figure (a)). Next, the punch (14) is lowered, and the cylindrical material (11) is subjected to an upsetting process so as to be compressed in the radial direction, and then pushed into the mold (12) (Fig. 2 (b)).
reference). At this time, the bottom of the mold (12) and the punch (14)
The distance from the bottom surface is made to match the wall thickness of the square washer (1) to be manufactured. In this way, a rectangular plate-shaped intermediate product (15) is produced in which the connecting portion between the lower surface and the right side surface is rounded. Intermediate products (
15) There is a ridge (16) protruding outside the mold (12) on the periphery of the upper surface. Then the knockout bin (
13) is raised to take out the intermediate product (15) from the mold (12).

FIG. 3 shows the process of making a square washer (1) by simultaneously subjecting the intermediate product (I5) to drilling and trimming.

First, the device will be explained. This device is an intermediate product (1
5), and an upper mold (17) that can move up and down.
8). The lower mold (17) is a cut-off die (
19) and a hole-drilling dive bin (20) disposed within the die (19). Above the dice (I9),
A stripper (21) is arranged. Divin (20
) is located slightly below the top surface of the cut-off die (19).

Using such a device, place the intermediate product (I5) so that its burr (16) is caught in the area around the opening on the upper surface of the die (19) (see Figure 3 (a)).
. Next, the upper mold (18) is lowered to push down the intermediate product (15) to form the bolt through hole (2) and remove the bulge (1B) (see FIG. 3(b)). Thereafter, the upper mold (18) is raised and the material adhering to the upper mold (18) is removed by a stripper (21). In this way, the square washer (1
) is manufactured.

Fig. 5 shows a modification of the process of making an intermediate product from a cylindrical material. In Fig. 5, the upper end of the knockout bin (25) arranged in the mold (12) It protrudes further upward (this protrusion is indicated by (25a)). This protrusion (25a) has a tapered shape that gradually becomes thinner toward the top (see FIG. 5(a)).

Further, the diameter of the knockout bin (25) is made approximately equal to the diameter of the bolt through hole (2). Using such a device, a cylindrical material (
11) Perform upsetting processing. As a result, an intermediate product (15) having an upwardly recessed recess (27) in the center of the lower surface is produced (see FIG. 5(b)).

FIG. 6 shows another modification of the process of making an intermediate product from a cylindrical material. In FIG. 6, the depth of the mold (30) is
It is considerably larger than the wall thickness of the square washer (1) to be manufactured. In addition, the punch (31) has a shape that matches the core of the mold (30) (see Figure 6 (a)) -0
Using such a device, the cylindrical material (11) is placed in the mold (30) so that its radial direction faces the vertical direction and the entire material enters the mold (30). Thereafter, the cylindrical material (11) is subjected to upsetting in the same manner as shown in FIG. In this case, an intermediate product (1
5) is created (see Figure 6 (b)).

Moreover, according to this device, the cylindrical material (11) to be used
By appropriately changing the height of the punch (14) and the pushing depth of the punch (14), it is possible to manufacture square washers with various wall thicknesses.

FIG. 7 shows a variant of the square washer to be manufactured.

This square washer (33) has a U-shaped bolt penetration notch (34) formed therein instead of a bolt penetration hole.

In the above embodiment, the square washer to be manufactured has a rounded shape only at the connecting portion between the bottom surface and the right side surface.
The method of the present invention is not limited to this, and can also be applied to the case of manufacturing a square washer in which the connecting portion between either the upper or lower surface and two or more side surfaces is rounded. In addition, 1. It goes without saying that the method of the present invention can be applied to the manufacture of square washers that are rounded and do not have connecting portions.

Effects of the Invention According to the method of the present invention, a square washer can be easily produced in three steps as described above.

Therefore, compared to conventional methods, the number of steps is reduced, the work is easier, and the cost is lower.

In addition, especially for square washers used for fastening railway rails, the connecting part between either the top or bottom side and one side must be rounded, but in this case, the bottom of the mold and one side must be rounded. It is only necessary to make the connecting part rounded and perform upsetting on the cylindrical material, so there is no need to increase the number of steps.

Moreover, since the material is cylindrical, no forced flow of the material occurs.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing the process of making a cylindrical material from a steel bar, Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view showing the process of making an intermediate product from a cylindrical material, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the process of making a square washer from the intermediate product. 4 is a perspective view of a square washer manufactured by the method of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view showing a modification of the process of making an intermediate product from a cylindrical material, and FIG. 6 is a cylindrical material. FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing another modification of the process of making an intermediate product from the material, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a modification of the square washer manufactured by the method of the present invention. (1) (33)...Square washer, (2)...Bolt through hole (bolt penetration part), (10)...Steel bar, (11
)...Cylindrical material, (12) (30)...Mold,
(15)...Intermediate product, (34)...Notch for bolt penetration (bolt penetration part). Applicant for the above patents: Matsudani Gyo Co., Ltd. Figure 8 Figure 4 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 7

Claims (1)

[Claims] A process of cutting a steel bar with a circular cross section into rings to create a cylindrical material of a predetermined height, and arranging the cylindrical material in a mold with its radial direction facing up and down. A square washer consists of the steps of creating a rectangular plate-shaped intermediate product by upsetting the material so as to compress it in the radial direction, and forming a bolt penetration part in the intermediate product to create a square washer. manufacturing method.