JPH0248876B2 - - Google Patents

Abstract

The timepiece comprises means for numerically displaying several items of time-related information. The display for this information is arranged in three rows which can, by selection, provide indications of the current time or indications of particular times at which the sun occupies certain given positions. The timepiece comprises means for calculating these particular times as a function of a stored geographical position and of the time of year determined by the timekeeping function of the timepiece. Control and display-correction buttons (bpH, bpM, bpB) enable the display to be controlled and corrected independently for each row. This timepiece can advantageously serve to determine and display times for Islamic services. <IMAGE>

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electronic timepiece, particularly of the type having a digital display and means for calculating the time and displaying desired calculated data based on the altitude position of the sun. Numerous types of digital display electronic watches, especially chronographs, alarms,
Digital display electronic wristwatches have already been proposed that perform functions such as memory. On the other hand, Muslims
For example, the electronic wristwatch of the present invention, which is particularly suited to Islamic customs, has not heretofore been manufactured or simply proposed. In Muslim custom,
Prayer must be performed facing the direction of Metsuka at a fixed time each day, and the prayer is governed by a principle very closely related to the position of the sun, with the prayer time being 90 minutes before sunrise and 90 minutes before sunrise. At sunrise, when the sun passes the meridian, when the sun's altitude is 26 degrees 30 minutes, at sunset, and 90 minutes after sunset. Naturally, the sunrise and sunset times are different in each region of the world, and finding the sunrise and sunset times in a given region depends on the calendar published in that region. I had no choice but to look into it. Also, the calendar used by Muslims is the Islamic calendar (Hejira calendar), and the year in the Islamic calendar is different from the Gregorian calendar, which is based on the solar calendar. It is 11 days short, and each month consists of alternating 29 and 30 days. Therefore, when viewed in relation to the Western calendar, the Islamic calendar is delayed every year. As a natural result, Muslim holidays are celebrated at different times than in the Western calendar, and the Islamic calendar no longer has a certain relationship to the seasons. To date, Muslims have not been provided with a clock that displays prayer times in relation to the position of the sun, although this would be very useful. Also, for architects who design buildings all over the world and must calculate the length of the sun's shadow cast at different locations and on different days, if the time of the sun's meridian passage can be determined, the architect's plans will be correct. Works very effectively. A clock is also very useful for pilots who are flying at different latitudes and longitudes and can easily determine when the sunrise or sunset will occur during their flight. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to create a digital electronic wristwatch, which is particularly useful for Muslims, and can determine and display most of the desired matters related to the altitude of the sun, which currently requires viewing the calendar. The objective is to provide an electronic clock that can be effectively used in a wide range of fields such as architects and pilots. [Embodiment 1 of the Invention] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. From FIG. 1, it can be seen that the watch has, on the one hand, a display surface with three display areas, each display area having four main display positions for one digit and auxiliary display positions for one or two points; It can be seen that it has two positions and a confirmation symbol on the other hand. Four pushbuttons are arranged around the periphery of the clock, and three of them, bpH, bpM, and bpB, are arranged on the upper right hand side of the clock, as shown in Figure 1, and each one is placed at the height of the display area. Yes, the fourth one
As shown in Figure 1, the bpC is located on the left hand side of the watch case, and can be used to perform the necessary corrections using the other three pushbuttons. There are many different possibilities for combining the representations of the three display areas, and in addition to the possibilities shown in FIG. 1, similar possibilities are shown in FIG. With the aid of FIGS. 1 and 2, the complete external operation of the watch will first be detailed. The middle display area is reserved for displaying the time of the day. For example, FIG. 1 shows 10:28 a.m., as shown in section A of FIG. The upper and lower areas typically display only the standard time of the clock day, as shown in section A of FIG. In the upper display area (H), rapid pressure on the pushbutton bpH causes a series of data types to be displayed continuously on the upper display area (H). The upper display area has five possible cycles as follows: H1 Pause H2 Islamic calendar day (day and month that change at sunset). H3 Hijri day of the week (changes daily at sunset). H4 Islamic year (30 year cycle). H5 Next prayer time (one of the six prayer time data determined by the matrix in the watch and the calculator). The display on the lower display area then consists of a wider range of nine possibilities, which can be recognized from the fact that B1 Pause B2 Seconds display, which changes every second, so that no recognition symbols are needed. B3 Western calendar day (month and day of the Western calendar year). B4 Western calendar day of the week (changes at midnight instead of sunset). B5 Last two digits of the Western calendar year, or the type of Western calendar year, e.g. 1st, 2nd, or 3rd year (short or normal year) or 4th year (long or normal year).
In other words, an indication that it is a leap year). B6 zone (“south” or “north” (s,
n) regional indication of latitude and longitude zones with indication; B7 Regional latitude correction in distance units of 25Km each [maximum correction limit is ±39 units or ±975Km (25Km
×39=975Km)]. B8 Regional longitude correction expressed in longitude and hours (minutes). B9 Eight displays S, SE, E, NE, N, NW,
“Direction to Metsuka” given by one of W and SW. Starting from B1 or H1, each brief press on the corresponding pushbutton (bpH for the upper display area and bpB for the lower display area) advances the information one step in the above-mentioned period. Additionally, a prolonged press will cause the display to automatically advance to the last item in the cycle, and if the button is pressed twice in quick succession, the cycle will return to the initial position. Intermediate display area is short time pressure is intermediate pushbutton
It has only two values that are reversed each time they are added onto bpm. The first value, M1, represents the Islamic calendar time. The second value in the intermediate display area, M2, displays the official time (standard time) of the day (Western calendar), which is the most common function of a wristwatch. Next, the "display change" function, to be more precise, the "display" is changed by pressing the intermediate pushbutton bPM for a long time. As soon as the "change display" operation is performed, the three cycles of the upper, middle and lower display areas automatically go into their respective initial positions. At that time, the prayer time data determined by the calculation section of the electronic clock is displayed by "display change" which is divided into the first display T and the second display T. In H1 and B1 these data fill the empty positions, while in M1 the data replaces the Islamic day time display. Thus, when the "display change" is performed, the first display that appears is the first three prayer times, from top to bottom, "90 minutes before sunrise" in the upper area and "sunrise time" in the middle area. The lower area shows "the time when the sun passes through the meridian." These are information H1T, M1T and B1T, respectively, as shown in FIG. 2M. By pressing the intermediate pushbutton again for a long time, the second half of ``display change'', ie, T, appears. As shown in Figure 2 N, this latter part T is the time when the sun's altitude is 26 degrees and 30 minutes in the upper area, the time at sunset in the middle area, and the time after sunset in the lower area. 90 minutes” will appear. Each of these six types of display is recognized by a symbol at an auxiliary display position. The symbol at each auxiliary display position forms an incomplete S shape, with the appropriate fragment portion appearing for displays 1-6. The period of "display change" is advanced as much as desired by a forward or leap operation within the period. Each time the next prayer time display appears, the identification symbol flashes to indicate that this time is correctly the next prayer time. Whenever the prayer time data (even if it is not displayed in the display area at that time) and the standard time data match, the clock enters the alarm state. The last position of the cycle must then appear in the upper and lower areas, indicating (with its recognition symbol) that the exact moment is the prayer time, and an indication of the direction to the metsukah is also indicated. Thus Muslims can immediately perform the ritual at that time. When the notification appears, the table operation condition is automatically suppressed if it is still in progress. As mentioned above, the fourth pushbutton bpC is located on the left hand of the watch as shown in FIG. Said pushbutton bpC is used to switch into either forward or reverse modification operating conditions, thereby activating a cycle of three positions: the O position, the forward modification position and the reverse modification position. For example, when selecting forward correction (indicated by the small arrow pointing up that appears in the leftmost position of the clock near pushbutton bpC), the operation of the buttons in the three areas produces quite different effects. In this situation, the pushbutton
Pressing bpH, bpM, bpB for a short time will move the first digit on the right hand side of the corresponding line, that is, the minute digit, forward or backward by one step. Pressing for a longer time will result in the second line being pushed from the right side of the line in question.
(i.e., the tens digit of the minute). And finally, a double press (pressing the button twice in quick succession) advances (or backwards) the number on the left side of the line, in this case the hour unit. “Display Modification” automatically modifies only the displayed display, and it is modified as a function of the position it appears on the watch face. The same pilot wire that controls the appearance of the various displays on the display area also controls the modification of the counters or registers that supply the displays. As will be seen below, most of these counters or registers operate bidirectionally. Regarding the "display modification" indication, the watch has a small symbol in the shape of an ∧ on the bottom left side, as shown in FIG. Depending on which of the two sides of ∧ is removed, it represents an arrow pointing upwards or an arrow pointing downwards. Regarding Figure 2, “23rd zone, 2nd northern latitude”
[345 degrees east longitude, 15 degrees north latitude] (Figure F) and “3rd time zone, 2nd southern latitude” [45 degrees east longitude, 15 degrees south latitude]
It has been shown that geographical zones such as (Figure G) actually correspond to inhabited areas, with Senegal (Dakar) being the former of these and the latter consisting of the entire northern part of Madakalcas (Tanariv). . Also, the first
When the lower display area of the diagram indicates the location of "16th zone, 4th northern latitude" [240 degrees east longitude, 35 degrees north latitude], it corresponds to San Francisco. A final factor that cannot be ignored is the so-called "summer time" (sunshine utilization time), sometimes "double summer time" and also, very rarely, "slow summer time". All data about the time of day given by a clock are usually followed by a dot that appears between and on the same line as the hours and minutes. If the points are on the same line, the time is normal for that time period (C-figure M2). If the dot appears above the space between the letters, the time is daylight savings time (Figure A).
M2), if a colon (:) appears instead of a single point, it is double summer time (Fig.
M2). Similarly, if no dots appear, it means "slow time" (Fig. E M2). A H1 No display M2 Current time 10:28A.M (Summer time) B1 No display B H2 Islamic calendar April 27th M1 Islamic time 19:00 B3 Western calendar March 25th C H1 No display M2 Current time 12:07P.M B2 Current time 38 seconds D H3 3rd day of the week in the Islamic calendar M2 Current time 8:36P.M B4 2nd day of the week in the Western calendar E H4 29th year in the Islamic calendar M2 Current time 4:31A.M (slow time) B5 3rd year in the Western calendar F H1 Display None M2 Current time 12:08P.M B6 23rd longitude zone 2nd northern latitude zone G H2 Islamic calendar September 17th M2 Current time 11:45A.M B6 3rd longitude zone 2nd southern latitude zone H H5 Next prayer Hour 5:47P.M M2 Current time 4:50P.M B9 Direction of Metsuka NE (northeast) I H1 No display M2 Current time 11:26A.M B7 Correction value, latitude 17 units north (1 unit is 25Km) J H1 No display M2 Current time 11:26A.M B8 Correction value Advance the longitude by 42′ K H5 Next prayer time 11:58A.M M2 Current time 11:33A.M B9 Direction of Metsuka SW (southwest) L H3 Islam Calendar 5th day of the week M1 Islamic time 6 o'clock B9 Direction of Metsuka S (south) M H1T 90 minutes before sunrise is 6:07 A.M (daylight saving time) M1T Sunrise is 7:37 A.M (daylight saving time) B1T True noon is 12: 53P.M (Summer Time) N H1T Sun 26°30' is 4:35P.M M1H Sunset is 6:08P.M (Summer Time) B1T 90 minutes after sunset is 7:38P.M (Summer Time) O H5 Next service time 6:08P.M (Summer time) M2 Current time 6:08P.M (Summer time) B9 Direction of Metsuka SE (Southwest) P H5 Next service time 7:21P.M (Double summer time) M2 Current time 6 :14P.M (Double Summer Time) B9 Direction of Metsuka W (West) Note: When displaying the current time on the M2 display,
Daylight saving time, etc. is displayed depending on the position of "・". Example, 10.28 10:28 during normal time 10.28 During daylight saving time 〃 10 28 10:28 during slow time 10:28 During double summer time 〃 H5 Explanation of the symbol that appears on the right edge of the display "〓" Sunrise "〓" indicates 90 minutes ago "〓" indicates sunrise "≡" indicates true noon "〓" indicates sun altitude is 26°30′ "" indicates sunset 90 minutes after sunset Figure 3 is a schematic diagram (list diagram) of the electronic timepiece of the present invention.
It is. The drawings are accompanied by explanations to facilitate understanding. The standard time calculation from the oscillator and divider 11 to the year calculation is relatively conventional and does not require any special explanation. Depending on the month and year, 1
The number of days in the month will be 28, 29, 30 or 30. This is done by a reset circuit 13 which at the same time also provides information for marking four successive periods which occur repeatedly from March 1st of each year to the end of February of the following year. This actually concerns prayer times, sunrise and sunset, and for that reason it is necessary to take into account as precisely as possible the position of the Earth in its displacement around the sun and its longitude. However, it plays a relatively important role in revising this prayer time. The present invention utilizes the angle between the earth's axis and the sun in a specific area, which is generated from the relationship between the sun's position and the earth's position, and the time difference between true noon and noon in standard time, as a so-called calendar. The calculator section 15 functions as a control section that causes the display section to display the prayer time, ie, sunrise time, sunset time, etc. The calculator section 15 calculates data regarding the calendar previously stored in the storage section, namely, firstly, the angle α between the straight line that engages the centers of the earth and the sun and the axis of the earth;
Second, the above prayer time is calculated from two coefficients: the difference δt between the time when the sun passes through the meridian, which is true noon, and noon in standard time. The calculator section 15 functions as a control section that displays the prayer time, etc. on the display section, firstly determining the angle α between the straight line that engages the centers of the earth and the sun and the axis of the earth, and secondly determining the true noon. Prayer time is calculated from two coefficients: the difference δt between the time when the sun passes through the meridian and noon in standard time. In the center of the time zone where standard time is obtained, for example at Greenwich, true noon at the vernal equinox coincides with noon in standard time. Matrix 17, which stores the relationship between the sun's position and the earth's position, contains 96 pieces of data, namely the values of Griniewicz δt and α in a certain year, including the first, fifth, ninth, 13th days of the month, 17th day, 1st
This is one year's worth of data on the 21st, 25th, and 29th days. For the intervening days, the calculator 15 obtains the coefficient value from a unit constant of the number where one unit is 3 hours. One unit constant corresponds to 3 hours. Therefore, the coefficient value for the next day after the stored day is an addition of 8 unit constants (24 hours). Also, the exact value of the coefficient is 3.
It is accurate for the period from the 1st of the month to February 29th of a leap year. After February 29th, at any time on any day, the Earth will always have 18 hours, or 6
It is located further away in the orbit than on the same day and time of the previous year by a unit constant. Therefore, an additional 6 unit constant must be added for this first period, and the calculator 15 performs this task. Then 1/4 day is spent during the next period and only 4 units constant must be added. During the next period, there will be only 2 unit constants, and finally there will be no unit constants to add for the dates that come just before February 29th. Calculator 15 is not shown in detail, but its operation is easily understood. In this way, the calculator 15 first considers the day and checks the reference date stored in the matrix 17 for that purpose (for example, if the date considered is April 15th, then
Confirm the fourth reference date of April, which is the 13th of the month. ), then the number of days beyond the reference date (for example, if it is April 15th,
This is the number of days that exceed April 13th by two days. ).
The reference date information valid for four days is the 3rd, 4th, and 5th bits of the day counter in the chart section 19 and the chart section 19.
is supplied by the month counter bits. The first and second bits (lighter) of the day counter give the number of days beyond the reference date and are respectively 1 day, 2 days,
Or add 8 unit constant, 16 unit constant, and 8+16 unit constant for 3 days difference. Then, in order to take into account whichever period the period is from "early March to the end of February", corrections are made by 6, 4, and 2 unit constants. A correction is then made by the unit constant from the time zone recorder 23 with the three time zones having a unit constant value of 1 (this regional correction is equivalent to moving the time zone forward or backward, so if desired, the calculator This point is also designed to take into account ±79 minutes of longitude and one arcuate degree every four minutes.Finally, if necessary, 12 or There is also provision for a "Gregory correction" to be made every 13 years. This "Gregory correction" can be done simply by hand, for example at the watchmaker's office.The procedure described above allows the calculator to first adjust the true noon and standard Calculate the midday difference in hours, then take into account the regional correction in longitude and, if necessary, the fact that there is daylight saving time, daylight hours (or double daylight saving time or slow time) instead of normal time. , it is also possible to calculate the exact time given by the clock when the sun passes through the meridian in the area in question, expressed in the standard time system given for other clocks in that location. In addition, the calculator 15 calculates the times of sunrise and sunset. For this purpose, the calculator first takes into account the angle α between the Earth's axis and the Earth-Sun line, and then calculates the region - latitude - Consider the latitude λ given by the modified recorder (diagram block 21) and the "geographical" recorder (diagram block 25). If we assume that the coefficient consisting of the angle α does not change during the day, then the difference between sunrise and its meridian The interval between passages is equal to the interval between the passage of the meridian and sunset. The calculator calculates said interval as a function of the angle α and the angle λ indicating latitude. In the clock:
The angle λ is recorded on the one hand in the latitudinal zone recorder 21 (diagram block 21), extending within 10 degrees of latitude of each said zone, and on the other hand in the regional correction recorder 25. . For the middle of the zone the latter is a unit with a value of 25 km, i.e. 0.225 degrees,
Or make a positive or negative correction of 9/40 degrees. To create the value of the coefficient α to be taken into account, the calculator uses the coefficient δt
Proceed in the same manner as detailed above. That is, take the δt value corresponding to the reference date from matrix 17, and then calculate the coefficient α for the time and region in question.
some unit constants (the values of the unit constants are supplied by the matrix 17 together with the coefficient values) to obtain the value of
Add. Coefficient α when the sun passes through the meridian
To obtain , exactly the same number of unit constants are added as were added to obtain the coefficient δt value. However, since sunrise is on average about 6 hours before the sun crosses the meridian, and sunset is on average about 6 hours after the sun crosses the meridian, the calculator
It is designed so that the value of the coefficient α at sunrise is 2 units constant less, and the value of the coefficient α at sunset is 2 units constant. With two data, one for the latitude (angle λ) and one for the coefficient consisting of the angle between the Earth's axis and the Earth-sun line (angle α), the calculator calculates the interval between sunrise and the time when the sun passes through the meridian. and the interval between said latter time and the time of sunset can be calculated. To do so, apply the formula below. ti = (12 hours 0 minutes) 1/πcos <sup>-1</sup> (tan λctn α) Over the course of a year, the angle α changes within the limits given by the equation below. 113 degrees 26 minutes > α > 66 degrees 34 minutes For α values of 90 degrees or more, ti is larger than 6 hours because cos is negative, but for α values of 90 degrees or less, ti is greater than 6 hours because cos is positive. Because there is, it is smaller than 6 hours.
This means that for the Northern Hemisphere, angle α can be considered as the angle made by the southern half of the Earth's axis and the Earth-Sun line, and vice versa. As a function of the days of the year, matrix 17 has a coefficient α value for the Northern Hemisphere, i.e. the angle formed at the center of the Earth by the Sun-Earth line and the part of the Earth's axis pointing towards the South Pole. Store the corresponding coefficient value.
For the southern hemisphere, the calculator calculates the supplementary angle of angle α (180
degrees - α), otherwise would reverse the results for 6 hours (e.g. 7 hours 13 minutes instead of 4 hours 47 minutes). After determining the interval ti between sunrise and sunset, the calculator 15 determines that the interval is 4 hours 30
Check that it is neither less than 7 hours and 30 minutes. If this happens, the calculator will recalculate, subtracting by one unit constant for sunrise if the interval is less than 4 hours and 30 minutes, and subtracting by 3 units for sunrise if the interval is greater than or equal to 7 hours and 30 minutes. There are fewer unit constants, and 3 unit constants are taken for sunset. Once calculator 15 calculates the interval, calculator 1
5, the sunrise time expressed in standard time is obtained by subtracting the interval related to sunset from the standard time when the sun passes the meridian, and the calculator 15 calculates the time when the sun passes the meridian. The interval associated with sunset is added to the standard time, thus obtaining the sunset time expressed in terms of standard time. In this way, the calculator 15 determines the second and fifth prayer times. To obtain the first prayer time, calculator 15 subtracts the second prayer time (sunrise) or 1 hour and 30 minutes, and to obtain the sixth prayer time, calculator 15 simply subtracts the fifth prayer time (sunset). Add 1 hour and 30 minutes to The fourth prayer time is the time when the obelisk's shadow is twice as long as the square itself, which means that the sun's altitude must be 26 degrees and 30 minutes. Calculator 15 calculates the distance between the sun and the meridian.
Calculate the interval between the altitude of 26 degrees and 30 minutes using the following formula: ti′ = (12 hours) 1/πcos <sup>-1</sup> (tan λctn α+sin26°30′/cos λsin α) of the fourth prayer time. Regarding the interval ti, the calculator defines a minimum of 2 hours and a maximum of 7 hours and 30 minutes. We have now shown how the clock's electronic circuitry creates six indications of Islamic prayer times. Regarding the “direction to Metsuka”, matrix 17 has 384
Directly stores 368 data of individual zones.
Next, for the 16 cooperative zones that surround Metsuka and span the four zones and the four northern hemisphere zones (each at 10 degrees latitude), the matrix divides the cooperative zones into three in each direction, or into nine. Increases the number of points to be memorized by 128. However, in the 16 limited regions surrounding Metsuka (each of which has a surface area equal to 1/9 of the larger coordination zone), further subdivisions are made, thereby increasing the number of positions in which directions can be placed by an additional 240 only increases. Finally, in the immediate vicinity of the metka, the number of locations to be stored is further increased by 48 by further subdivision. Therefore, the matrix is N, NE, E,
One of the eight data SE, S, SW, W and NW is stored for a total of 800 different locations on the globe. In the matrix, the zones are defined by (1) data from the large coordinate zone georegister 21 and (2) regional latitude correctors 25 (25 Km distance units, i.e. 9/40 arcuate degrees) and longitude corrections. 27 (in minutes, ie 1/4 arc degree). The “Metsuka direction”
At the data output 29, the matrix directly (and indirectly for a portion of the fourth display position) binary data symbols for the second and third display positions in the desired manner. become These encoded data B9 are intended to be displayed on the third display area of the watch. For the roughly rectangular area approximately 25km on each side, where Metsuka City itself is located, the matrix does not provide any other data other than the indication mark ``direction'' within the auxiliary area. From the above we can see how a lot of very unusual data regarding Islamic prayers is determined by the clock in question. Latitude and longitude register 21
Data regarding the geographical coordination zone from is simultaneously obtained for display and optionally for desired positioning at point B6. Furthermore, data regarding regional corrections in latitude (in distance units of 25 Km) and longitude (in time units of minutes) can also be obtained at B7 and B8, respectively, for display and, if necessary, correction. The calculator 15, which receives high-frequency pulses via line 31 from the frequency divider 11 for its operation, makes a new determination of six prayer times each time at least one of the data supplied at its various inputs changes. Perform automatically. The above six prayer time data are supplied to a coincidence detector 33 which also receives current time data in hours and minutes including AM/PM distinction. The coincidence detector 33 operates continuously under the influence of the clock frequency received from the frequency divider 11, and at six output points corresponding to each of the prayer times, the coincidence detector 33 operates continuously under the influence of the clock frequency received from the frequency divider 11. Either the time has already passed during the day (level “0”) or the said prayer time is about to arrive or is exactly at that time (level “1”)
Provides logical data indicating which is the case. The above 6 logical data are sent to stage 35 "recognizing and selecting the next or exactly current prayer time", which selects only the "1" level corresponding to the next prayer time or the prayer time that is exactly at the current moment. It is used for one of the six output conductors.
The output conductor is a wink stage 37 which provides a glow flash interruption to one of the six conductors which controls the illumination of the identification symbol when the corresponding prayer time is displayed.
connected to. The six identification symbols do not need to be encoded at that location since they are each sent directly to a different input of the general coder when the gating circuit sorts out the correspondence. The match detection stage also provides a signal by a single conductor at the moment a match is detected on one of the six prayer time data. The alarm circuit 39, which receives the minute pulse at that time, is activated for 5 minutes, during which time said circuit blocks the "recognition and selection of next or current prayer time" stage 35, so that:
The stage 35 indicates that even if after one minute the prayer time is considered to have elapsed in the coincidence detection circuit 33, as long as the alarm circuit is activated,
Stay as you are. However, the alarm release command is given before that 5 minute period by pressing the cycle modification control pushbutton for a long time (the pushbutton only controls its cycle when the pushbutton is pressed for a short time). The output of 39 is connected to a display control circuit, a multiplication circuit and an encoding circuit 41, and at the same time to a symbol wink stage 37, which stops flashing the symbol by this route. Once the alarm is given to the display control circuit, multiplier circuit and encoding circuit 41, the latter also receives the six signals of the next or current prayer time circuit recognition and selection circuit 35.
As a function of one of these outputs representing the “1” level, it represents the worship data indicating whether it is the next one or this one, but in reality it is not real because the alarm is activated. be. Upon receiving an alert, the display control data 41 thus provides a mandatory display of the current prayer time on the upper display area. At the same time, by acting on the multiplication scanning circuit, it causes all the displays to be presented on the display area, so that all the data relating to the current prayer time is flashed. Furthermore, at the same time, under alarm control, the display control circuit, the multiplication scan circuit and the encoding circuit 41 will inevitably cause the data in the direction of the clock to appear in the lower display area, so that the watch holder can correctly see it on his wrist. (on a watch) firstly, the indication of the standard time of the day, and secondly, the indication of the fact that the Islamic ceremonial time is exactly at that moment, identified by the identification symbol in the auxiliary display position;
Thirdly, you can get the correct indication of the direction of the metsuka where you should face the direction of the metsuka for worship. As soon as the "clear alarm" instruction is given manually, even if less than 5 minutes have elapsed, the alarm circuit is reset and the clock resumes operation as before. If the alarm is not manually cleared within the five minutes, the alarm circuit is reset at the end of the five minutes to avoid leaving the watch in an alarm state unnecessarily. A simple explanation of alarm activation can be described as causing each of the three display cycles (upper, middle and lower zones) to automatically pass to its last position. This consists of two pushbuttons bpH and bpB
, but in this case the standard time is reliably displayed on the intermediate area. From Figure 3 it can be seen how the counting cycle of Islamic time works. The coincidence detection circuit 33 is
A pulse is supplied when detecting coincidence with the fifth prayer time (sunset). At that time, said circuit has a module 6 for counting numbers to the tens of minutes of the standard time of the day.
Reset the prayer calculator 43. Thus, when sunset occurs, after an elapsed time of 51 to 60 minutes depending on the time, the pulse leaves the counting calculator 43 and returns to the "1" position at the time of the sunset pulse. ~9 Activate counter 45. thus,
If cycle position M1 of the intermediate display area is selected, for approximately one hour, the clock will indicate that one hour of Islamic time is then in progress. minutes of standard time
After one hour, corresponding to the full number of tens, the display becomes the two o'clock Islamic time, and then after one hour the display becomes the three o'clock Islamic time, ie three hours after sunset. Since the 0-9 counter provides a carryover to the 0-2 counter 47 which is also reset at sunset,
This counting and this display of Islamic time lasts until sunset the next day, i.e. for 24 hours. Overall 0-9 and 0
It is advisable to arrange the ~2 count so that it does not exceed 24, otherwise the 24 hours may be exceeded by an additional 3 or 4 minutes at the time of the vernal equinox, mainly in northern regions. Information regarding Islamic time is displayed and controlled by M1 and is applied to the multiplication and encoding circuit 41. In order to bring the operation of the clock into line with the decisions of Islamic governments, the sunset pulse may be replaced, if necessary, by a regularly occurring pulse at 6:00 pm each day, or alternatively to prevent uncertainty. Therefore, for example, the pulse may be generated after 6:20 pm. The sunset pulse (or alternatively the 6pm pulse) or the Islamic days of the month (almost always alternating 29th and 30th) and the Islamic month (always
A set of interactive calculators 49 for counting Islamic years within a 30-year cycle during which common years (or short years) and leap years (long years) alternate in a very special sequential order. is also applied. Said
2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th, during the 30 year cycle
13th, 16th, 18th, 21st, 24th, 26th and 29th
2019 is a leap year, and in that case December has 29 days instead of 29 days.
It will be 30 days. In order to distinguish between the above case where the month must have 29 days and the case where the month must have 30 days, the reset circuit 51 is controlled by an Islamic month year counter and acts on the bidirectional counter 49. do. Additionally, the 1-7 counter 53 counts the number of days in the Islamic week each time starting from the input pulse of the sun. From FIG. 3, it can be seen that the corrective display period and alarm clearing circuits 55, 57 (shown separately for ease of illustration), if properly adjusted, can also be used with various geolocation recorders. It also sends a correction pulse to the tropism counter. The latitude/longitude recorder 21 that counts latitude bands is used to measure latitude bands from the 13th latitude band to the 12th latitude band or
When there is a passage from the 12th longitude band to the 13th longitude band (block 61 indicates), the correction control circuit 59 is used to correct the date and day of the week, which always change at that time.
Send a pulse to. Also, in order to prevent this from causing an inappropriate change in the calculation of the coefficients α and δt at the same time, the unit constant is modified by adding 8 unit constants to the latitude band 13 rather than the latitude band 12. For example, a person traveling around the world adjusts the latitude and longitude recorder on his or her watch each time he or she crosses successive latitudinal boundaries. The modified control circuit, part of the graphical block 63 (the special features of which will be explained in more detail in connection with FIG.
Controls the advance of the display cycle recorders 55, 67, and 69. The same circuit also controls table recorder 71 with three positions "0", "T1" and "T2".
The output of the table recorder divides the initial inputs of the three recorders H, M and B into three different outputs, respectively. The entire output of the recorder is applied through a single conductor to the display-control, multiplication and encoding circuit 41, so that the latter is applied to itself in order to cause the data to appear in the appropriate display area. Appropriately select various types of data. Figure 4, consisting of 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D, is the third
The representation shown in the figure shows the operation of the control, multiplication and encoding circuits. Generally speaking, the transition recorder 7
3 receives the multiplied frequency FM from the frequency divider 11;
A "1" level is passed successively over six conductors of different outputs. Said output conductor controls a gate circuit 75 that includes a transmit gate, which gate circuit has a potential V1 continuously above the left hand half of the upper display area.
It is then passed over the right hand half of the line, then over the left hand half of the intermediate display area, then over the right hand part of the latter, then over the left hand part of the lower display area, then over the right hand part of the latter, and so on. A potential V1 is thus introduced onto the common electrode of each of these parts, which potential is
The partial electrode is excited by a high potential on the partial electrode facing the common electrode. During this time, the other five of the six sections are at potential V2 (e.g. medium potential or high frequency varying potential) such that neither the high potential nor the low potential on the partial electrode facing the common electrode excites the corresponding section. receive. Under these circumstances, multiplication is easily accomplished whether the present watch is equipped with a liquid crystal display, as is desirable, or with other types of display, such as light emitting diodes. Segments at different display positions are transcoding and display control stage 77,7
9 and 81. The transcoding step receives at the input of the circuit
It is encoded not only as a function of BCD data, but also as a function of binary data with 16 positions that allow non-numeric characters to be displayed. 2
The two transcoding circuits 22 and 23 are similar only in the way they transcode 10 BCD data, but they differ in the way they transcode the other 6 binary combinations made with 4 bits. This allows you to obtain a large number of symbols instead of numbers. As for the transcoder 81, it provides a seven part display for the confirmation display position plus a two dot display for indicating daylight saving time, etc. Transcoder 81 does not receive BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) data at its input, but it does receive digital data on a number of conductors equal to the number of orders it receives. top, middle,
As for the multiplication between the lower three display areas, it is carried out directly on the gates which similarly select the various data as a function of the display-cycle recorder. The two transcoders 77 and 79 are "modulo, two" controlled by a multiplication stage 83 or multiplication timing recorder 73.
is input and multiplied by Therefore, the input of the multiplier circuit 83 is 4 series.
Consists of BCD inputs, each of which controls one of each display area. The inputs are assumed to include an OR gate with multiple inputs, as symbolized by reference numeral 83a in Figure 4A. The drawing shows that the single line shown entering circuit 83a actually contains multiple conductors grouped at the input of one OR gate. . Two groups of BCD inputs are equipped with two special transcoders 85 and 87 that operate only when commanded by signals Y and Non-BCD 4-bit data coming from the time calculator along with the day and year counters in 1
It is intended to convert 2 or 4 bit data 32. For the rest of the circuit it is advantageous for the counter to operate with a simple 4 or 5 bit system, while for display the data is divided into tens and ones digits. It is necessary to divide each into two pairs of BCD type data for each purpose. The upper part of Figure 4 shows the display as shown in Figure 3.
A gate circuit is shown which controls the input to the display of various data applied to the control, multiplication and coding circuits. The gates 89 to 127 are gate circuits 8
At least one located at each input of 9 to 127
It works for inputting various data only when the conditions expressed by the data synthesized in the AND circuits are satisfied. When all control conductors are at the "1" level, each conductor supplying data has as many data input control gates as there are conductors requiring control, and the gate circuit is "crossed". cross)” can be done. In fact, this number may reach 16 for each gate circuit, but is generally lower since each item of data leaves some bits unoccupied. The gate circuit also controls one of the 19 inputs of the transcoder 81 so that two of the 16 confirmation symbols for various data are displayed (see FIG. 2). ) open circuit. FIG. 5 shows how three different signals that do not interfere with each other can be generated from a single pushbutton operating within the display period modification and alarm clearing circuit shown in FIG. show. The diagram of FIG. 5 shows a flip-flop FF1 that eliminates rebound and simply repeats the change of state of the toggle switch. flip flop
FF3 changes state when flip-flop FF1 goes to the “1” state, and then flip-flop
FF2 follows FF1, and thereafter for 1 second, flip-flop FF3 controls its supply via the gate at a frequency of 8c/s.
``1'' until the 4-bit binary counter with 3 succeeds in flipping in its final stage.
remain independently in the state of During this time, flip-flop FF1 follows any possible changes in the switch contacts, so that if FFF1 returns to logic ``0'' while FF3 is still in the ``1'' state,
Yet another flip-flop FF4 becomes "1". If the contact is subsequently activated again, flip-flop FF1 will return to the "1" state. The time measured by the counter there reaches its end. Then, when the “1” level moves to the output D of the counter, the flip-flop FF4 and
The state of FF5 will be balanced. If the state of none of the flip-flops changes, it means that the contacts were not broken or removed for one second, ie, there was a long pulse. Even if flip-flop FF4 goes to the “1” state, flip-flop FF5 becomes “0”.
When it remains in the state, it means that the switch was turned off during that period and was not reactivated. This means that a single short signal of the switch has been received. Finally, if both flip-flops FF4 and FF5 go to the "1" state, it means that the contact was broken during one second and then it was activated once again. The three states have three gates S1, S2 and S3 respectively.
, which supply pulses until said counter is reset, and this supply, after 1/4 second, as soon as element B of the binary counter reaches the "1" state simultaneously with element D. It will take place. Therefore, the signal LP, or CP or DP, is present for a fraction of a second before the binary counter is reset. On the other hand, it can be seen that only one of the three outputs can provide a signal at each time, and the other two cannot provide any signal for the same order. Flip-flop FF3 is “0”
When returning to the state, flip-flop FF1 becomes “1”
In this case, nothing happens because FF2 is in the "1" state. In such a case, the switch will first be turned off so that a new control operation can occur. FIG. 6 illustrates exactly how the coding of the 12 months of the year occurs in a 5-bit counter to provide BCD data for the tens and ones digits. A counter operating according to the diagram shown in FIG. 6A is easily created, this can be done with gates, selective suppression or CMOS integrated circuits. With the system shown in Figure 6A, the BCD display is not only very convenient, but also as shown in Figure 6B.
In certain cases, for example all short months or only February,
or March-December as opposed to the January-February period, which is necessary to be able to take into account the effects of the early March-end February leap year mentioned in connection with Figure 3. even periods of time can be easily detected. Figure 7, like Figure 3, shows 1/1 due to the leap year cycle.
It is possible to detect four periods from the beginning of March to the end of February, which require the addition of different numbers of unit constants to the coefficients supplied by the matrix to obtain the desired coefficients, taking into account the annual transition of only 4 days. Show how it can be done. The chart shown in FIG. 7A uses information prl as basic data in the manner shown in FIG. 6B.
In addition, counting stage F and the 4-year cycle are counted.
Considering from Figure 7B, it is possible to obtain the data for the four periods from the beginning of March to the end of February with a very simple logic circuit design including two dedicated OR gates, four AND gates, and two inverters. is clear. FIG. 8 shows the mode of operation and immediately suggests the particular type of time transcoder design shown in FIG. 4A. The upper part of Figure 8 shows the simple coding of a 4-bit 12-stage counter, and the lower part of Figure 8 shows how transcoding can be done by transcoding "12" instead of "0".
, and show how it occurs so that you can always get the tens and ones digits displayed separately. Line "A" represents the first element of the next BCD circuit (tens place). FIG. 9 is a transcoding diagram for the special transcoding circuit shown in FIG. 4A. By using a strictly binary code for calculations, we not only eliminate the need for a counting circuit, but in fact this is important in feeding a calculator from a date counter, for example, but considering the first two bits This makes it possible to obtain a quartet of data by taking into account only the last 3 bits without having to do so. For display on the other hand, the situation is different, in particular the first position is always the "1" position and not the "0" position. The right-hand side of Figure 9 shows how transcoding is obtained by providing five standard summing stages that modulate the "1" information, followed by a conventional "5-bit binary/ 2×BCD”
A decoder can be used. FIG. 10 shows the configuration of a reset circuit for determining the length of the month taking into account the 30-year cycle of the Islamic year described above. In FIG. 10, the day and year counters operate in the manner shown at the top of FIG.
It should be noted that transcoding only occurs in the special transcoding circuit of FIG. Thus, it can be seen that with a relatively small number of gates, it is possible to detect 11 leap years in the 30-year period of the Islamic cycle. Figure 11 shows two modified control and table control recorders arranged in an N shape on the right hand side of the clock, with a diagram to match that shown in the lower right hand portion of Figure 3. We will show you how to express your logical conditions using three subdivisions. If the correction recorder does not show 0, it automatically energizes the N crossbar. Furthermore, depending on whether the recorder is in a positive or negative correction condition, one or the other of the two uprights is energized to cause either an upward pointing arrow (positive correction) or a downward pointing arrow (negative correction) to appear. .
The table operating condition control recorder, which is reset in any case unless the correction recorder itself is in the zero position, energizes one or both of the uprights of N, thereby providing an indication or . The various control circuits provided by the alarm circuit particularly relate to the full gate circuit. Any gate circuit that does not control one of the three data presented by the alarm will prevent the alarm from being transmitted. On the other hand, the gate circuit that must transmit the information to be displayed in the event of an alarm receives a command to transmit itself at that time. The detailed clock operates according to Greenwich, national or local standard time, and sets that time as the first clock.
It has a normal clock function that can be displayed on the display section (display) shown in the figure, and has a memory section, that is, a ROM matrix 17, which stores data based on the relationship between the sun position and the earth position shown in FIG. , has a recorder 21 that records input of latitude and longitude positions on the earth, and records the time when the sun passes the meridian of the input latitude and longitude positions, the sunrise time, and the sunset time as shown in Figure 3. As shown, it is based on an electronic clock that is displayed on a display unit via a control unit, and shows multiple functions as a whole, but a simpler embodiment of a watch that has some (but not all) of these functions, such as a calculation It is also possible to produce clocks that relate only to time for which it is not easy, ie to time directly related to the sun, or to the times of sunrise, meridian passage and sunset. Regarding geographical locations, one could also consider introducing a matrix that automatically gives points in major cities of the world such as Cairo, Tehran, Baghdad, Alzia, Paris, London, New York, San Francisco, Tokyo, etc.
Currently, the user of the watch is required to know the longitude and longitude of each city.
Use location charts to indicate location to match latitude and to make geographic corrections for longitude and latitude. Even without the chart, the detailed system can be easily located with the aid of a map to the location recorded on the recorder. For sites on the high seas, for example, rather than on land, it is not absolutely necessary to record the direction of the metka in the matrix. In this way, a certain number of bits can be saved in the memory that provides the direction of the index. The clock could be further improved by allowing a replenishment table to appear. For example, table T
Said supplementary table, which is called similarly to
The altitude in the meridian can also be shown on the middle zone line and the azimuth of the current position of the sun on the lower zone line. That is, these values are expressed in arcuate power.
The two upper values consist of two numbers forming the whole number, followed by points and every 1/10 (1/1
0, 2/10, 3/10...) A number representing the degree is shown, and a small square representing the degree symbol ("°") is attached. Directions are expressed in degrees measured from north to east, south and west, which are indicated by a three-digit number representing the total degree followed by the same degree symbol (“°”). The signs in the right-hand area are “〓” (a square S with no upper and lower horizontal bars) for the upper line (the current altitude of the sun) and for the midline (the altitude of the sun at the time of the meridian passage). is the same sign as for the third prayer time (at the meridian crossing), and finally a b-shaped sign for the lower line (sun direction). The above table is of great benefit to those who, for example, design and operate equipment for the collection of solar energy, and also to those who design buildings all over the world and calculate the length of the sun's shadow cast at different positions and on different days. It is also very useful for architects who have to calculate Of particular interest to architects is the altitude of the sun when it passes through the meridian. Under these conditions, the use of a clock that determines the displayed meridian altitude and meridian transit time of the sun will be very effective in the architect's planning. On the other hand, if you want to know the characteristics of the sun's shadow at times other than true noon, just find the local time. It is also possible to know the size and direction of the shadow for a predetermined date and area. The present watch can easily determine when a pilot flying at different latitudes and longitudes will encounter sunrise or sunset during flight. sunrise,
The Islamic ceremonial times corresponding to the sun's meridian passage and sunset are therefore very useful to pilots. The pilot only needs to adjust his watch to the zone of the location in question, so that he knows when the sun rises or sets there so that the pilot can automatically find out the local time at the same time. . Also, in order to repeat the display of geographic zones, if the zone display displayed in the lower display area is added to the intermediate display area, the sunrise time will be displayed in the upper display area and the sunset time will be displayed in the lower display area according to table T1, and the pilot can find the local time and zone in question on the median line. By making zone modifications, the pilot will effect corresponding modifications of sunrise and sunset display times. To put it simply, the indication of the direction of the meter is removed. In this case, it is desirable to include seconds after the date and geographical indication. Finally, and for the purposes of pilots, for example, rather than Muslims, it can be said that the watch no longer indicates the Islamic calendar period, nor does it indicate Islamic time. Date display (day,
month, day of the week, year) are then assigned to positions H2 to H4, and the geographical indications, namely latitude and longitude, also fine latitude and fine longitude from B2.
It is desirable to be assigned to position B4. Position M
Regarding 1, there is no need to express it publicly, but
The seconds display can be displayed separately, without any other display on the watch, for example to be more convenient for carrying out timing operations that require rapid and accurate reading of the advancing seconds display. It is desirable to repeat the data. Also, using the above-mentioned clock, the architect may keep in the middle display area an indication of the sun's altitude at the time of its meridian passage, and in the upper display area the date (including the month) and in the lower display area. It is also possible to determine the zone (latitude and longitude). Furthermore, the three indications proposed as variants, namely the altitude of the sun at the time of the sun's meridian passage, the current altitude of the sun and the current azimuth of the sun, are very easily determined. The sun's altitude at the meridian passage is equal to α - λ, where α is given by the matrix for the indicated orbital position and λ is the longitude. Azimuth is easily calculated from the true noon position given by the matrix by calculating one degree of arc every four minutes. Finally, the current altitude of the Sun can be easily calculated by a calculator based on the previously obtained data, which is α−90°−(90°−
λ) cos equal to τ, where τ is the azimuthal angle of the sun, calculated from north as shown. Therefore, there are still other variations and applications within the scope of the present invention, but among these, the proposed timepiece is
It was produced in three variants, the first being intended for both Muslims and pilots. [Embodiment 2 of the Invention] First, a specific calculation example in Tokyo (August 27, 1989) of the present invention will be shown below. A True Noon ROM Matrix 17 is remembered 1987
The value of δt at Greenwich on August 25th [-1.9
minutes]. Calculator 15 remembers the date and August 27, 1989
For the 2-year difference in days, a 4-unit constant was obtained based on the method for calculating the coefficient value described above, and for the 2-day difference, a 48-hour ÷ 3-hour = 16-unit constant was obtained, and the standard time between Greenwich and Japan. Determine the time difference with Akashi - 9 hours by -3 unit constant, and multiply the sum of the above unit constants [17] by the correction coefficient to find δt at Akashi.
Obtain the value [1.22 minutes ≒ 1 minute]. Next, calculate true noon [11:43 a.m.] for Tokyo, which is 18 minutes east of Akashi. B Sunrise time ROM matrix 17 is stored in 1987
Provides the value of α (the angle between the sun and the earth's axis) [102.93 degrees] on August 25, 2017. Calculator 15 calculates the angle per unit constant [102.93 degrees ÷ 365 days ÷ 24 hours x 3 hours = 0.032 degrees], and then calculates the angle per unit constant [102.93 degrees ÷ 365 days ÷ 24 hours x 3 hours = 0.032 degrees]. Subtract the 2 unit constant to match the sunrise that will arrive 6 hours earlier, and multiply 0.032 degrees by the 15 unit constant to get 0.48 degrees. And the value of α on August 25, 1989 is 102.93
Subtract 0.48 degrees from degrees to find 102.45 degrees. Furthermore, since the exact latitude λ of Tokyo is recorded in the recorder 21 as 125 km north from 35 degrees north latitude due to latitude correction, the calculator 15 calculates λ.
It is calculated as 36.125 degrees. From the values of α and λ found above,
The above-mentioned "formula for calculating the interval between sunrise and sunset"
The interval between sunrise and sunset is ``6 hours and 38 minutes''. Next, calculate the sunrise time of 5:05 a.m. by subtracting 6 hours and 38 minutes from true noon. C. Sunset time Use the calculator 15 to perform the same calculation as the sunrise time described above.
calculates the sunset time of 6:19 p.m. D. Time when the solar altitude is 26 degrees 30 minutes Calculate the time 4:08 p.m. using the above formula for determining the time when the solar altitude is 26 degrees 30 minutes. The above calculation data is displayed on the display as shown in the table below.

【table】

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A clock section that operates according to the standard time of Greenwich, the country, or the region and can display the time on a display section, and a clock section that stores the relationship between the position of the sun and the position of the earth. a storage unit that records input latitude and longitude positions on the earth; and a display unit that displays at least the time when the sun passes through the meridian of the input latitude and longitude positions, the sunrise time, and the sunset time. An electronic timepiece characterized by comprising a control section that can be displayed on the screen. 2. Claim 1, characterized in that the display unit can also display the time 90 minutes before sunrise and 90 minutes after sunset at the latitude and longitude position input by the control unit. Electronic clock as described. 3. Claims 1 and 2 above, characterized in that the display unit can also display the time when the altitude of the sun at the latitude and longitude position input by the control unit is 26 degrees and 30 minutes. Electronic clock as described.