JPH0252758B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0252758B2 JPH0252758B2 JP58126855A JP12685583A JPH0252758B2 JP H0252758 B2 JPH0252758 B2 JP H0252758B2 JP 58126855 A JP58126855 A JP 58126855A JP 12685583 A JP12685583 A JP 12685583A JP H0252758 B2 JPH0252758 B2 JP H0252758B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- foamer
- pressure chamber
- foaming agent
- shield
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Landscapes
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は気泡注入式シールド工法に関し、特に
ずりが充填された圧力室内に気泡を注入してトン
ネルを掘進する土圧系のシールド工法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a bubble injection type shield construction method, and more particularly to an earth pressure type shield construction method in which a tunnel is excavated by injecting bubbles into a pressure chamber filled with shear.
土圧系シールド工法は、シールド掘進機による
地山の掘削量とずり排出量とを制御してシールド
本体における隔壁と地山の切羽とのなす空間、す
なわち圧力室内にずりを充填させ、このずりによ
り切羽の土水圧に対抗させて地山の土圧及び水圧
を保持し、切羽の安定を図りながらトンネルを掘
進するものである。 The earth pressure shield construction method controls the amount of excavation of the ground and the amount of shear discharged by the shield excavator to fill the space between the bulkhead and the face of the ground in the shield body, that is, the pressure chamber, with shear, and remove this shear. The tunnel is excavated while maintaining the earth pressure and water pressure of the ground against the earth water pressure of the face and stabilizing the face.
ところで、地山が砂質土や砂礫である場合、土
砂の内部摩擦が大きいために、圧力室内のずりの
充填度を高めると、圧力室内におけるずりの流動
性が悪くなり、カツタトルクの増大によるカツタ
の回転不能となることがあるから、圧力室内のず
りの充填度を低く押えるようにしている。しか
し、圧力室内のずりの充填度を低くすると、地山
の土砂が圧力室内へ流動して切羽が崩壊するおそ
れがある。 By the way, when the ground is sandy soil or gravel, the internal friction of the earth and sand is large, so if the filling degree of shear in the pressure chamber is increased, the fluidity of the shear in the pressure chamber will deteriorate, and the cutter torque will increase. Since the pressure chamber may become unable to rotate, the degree of shear filling in the pressure chamber is kept low. However, if the degree of shear filling in the pressure chamber is reduced, there is a risk that earth and sand from the ground will flow into the pressure chamber and the face will collapse.
そこで、前記切羽の崩壊を防止するための種種
の工法が開発されており、その１つに、圧力室内
に気泡を注入する工法がある。この工法は発泡器
により製造した発泡を圧力室内へ注入し、回転す
るカツタによりこの気泡をずりと混合してずりの
流動性を高め、圧力室内の充填度を高めようとす
るものである。 Therefore, various methods have been developed to prevent the collapse of the face, one of which is a method of injecting air bubbles into the pressure chamber. In this method, foam produced by a foamer is injected into a pressure chamber, and a rotating cutter mixes the foam with shear to improve the fluidity of the shear and increase the degree of filling in the pressure chamber.
しかし、従来のシールド工法は圧力室内の圧力
に関係なく発泡を注入している。その結果、気泡
を製造する際の発泡倍率が不定となり、当初の目
的を充分には達成していない。 However, conventional shield construction methods inject foam regardless of the pressure inside the pressure chamber. As a result, the foaming ratio when producing cells becomes unstable, and the original purpose is not fully achieved.
本発明の目的は、シールド工法において前記の
発泡倍率を好ましい範囲に保持することにある。 An object of the present invention is to maintain the above-mentioned foaming ratio within a preferable range in the shield method.
本発明は、隔壁の前方に圧力室が設けられたシ
ールド掘進機の前記圧力室へ、発泡器で形成され
た気泡を注入しながらトンネルを掘進するシール
ド工法であつて、前記圧力室の圧力および前記発
泡器に供給される起泡剤溶液の流量をそれぞれ測
定し、測定された前記圧力と測定された前記起泡
剤溶液の流量とに基づいて前記発泡器に加えられ
る空気圧力を調整することを含む、シールド工法
を提供する。 The present invention is a shield construction method in which a tunnel is excavated while injecting air bubbles formed by a foamer into the pressure chamber of a shield excavation machine provided with a pressure chamber in front of a partition wall, wherein the pressure in the pressure chamber and Measuring each flow rate of the foaming agent solution supplied to the foaming device, and adjusting the air pressure applied to the foaming device based on the measured pressure and the measured flow rate of the foaming agent solution. We provide shield construction methods, including
本発明の実施に際し、気泡は発泡器により製造
され、圧力室へ注入される。気泡を製造する方法
には、前記発泡器による方法の外、起泡剤をコン
クリート、モルタル等と混合して気泡を得る、い
わゆるミツクスフオーム法がある。このミツクス
フオーム法では混合装置や混合時間の違いにより
発泡倍率が変化するが発泡器による製造では、発
泡倍率は混合装置や混合時間に関係なく所望に得
られる。そこで本発明は、発泡器によるこの利点
に着目し、前記目的を達成するものである。 In practicing the invention, air bubbles are produced by a foamer and injected into the pressure chamber. In addition to the above-mentioned method using a foamer, methods for producing foam include the so-called mix foam method, in which foaming agents are mixed with concrete, mortar, etc. to obtain foam. In this mix foam method, the expansion ratio changes depending on the mixing device and mixing time, but in production using a foamer, the desired expansion ratio can be obtained regardless of the mixing device and mixing time. Therefore, the present invention focuses on this advantage of the foamer and achieves the above object.
発泡器の発泡倍率η、圧力差Ｐ、起泡剤溶液流
量Ｑの関係回帰式は
η＝k0＋k1P〓Q〓
で与えられる。ここで、αは発泡筒の径、長さ、
発泡筒内に収容されるガラスビーズの径等の装置
の構造によつて定まる係数、βは起泡剤の種類及
び濃度、必要に応じて加えられ、起泡剤と混合さ
れる気泡強化剤の種類及び濃度によつて定まる係
数、k0、k1は回帰分析によつて定まる係数であ
る。 The relational regression equation among the foaming magnification η of the foamer, the pressure difference P, and the foaming agent solution flow rate Q is given by η=k 0 +k 1 P〓Q〓. Here, α is the diameter and length of the foam tube,
The coefficient β is determined by the structure of the device, such as the diameter of the glass beads accommodated in the foaming cylinder, and β is the type and concentration of the foaming agent, as well as the foaming agent added as needed and mixed with the foaming agent. Coefficients determined by type and concentration, k 0 and k 1 are coefficients determined by regression analysis.
シールド掘進機の掘削断面積をＡ、掘進速度を
Ｓ、起泡剤の適切な注入率をＣとすると、
Ｑ＝ASC
となる。そこで、注入率Ｃを定め、シールド掘進
機の掘進速度Ｓから、起泡剤溶液流量Ｑを得るこ
とができ、発泡器へ供給する供給量を適切に定め
ることができる。 Let A be the excavation cross-sectional area of the shield excavator, S be the excavation speed, and C be the appropriate foaming agent injection rate, then Q = ASC. Therefore, by determining the injection rate C, the foaming agent solution flow rate Q can be obtained from the excavation speed S of the shield tunneling machine, and the supply amount to be supplied to the foamer can be appropriately determined.
また、前記Ｑを用い、適切な発泡倍率ηと各係
数を定めると、前記式から圧力差Ｐを求めること
ができる。従つて、圧力室内の圧力をP1、発泡
器に加えられる圧力をP2とすると、
P2＝P1＋Ｐ
となることから、圧力室内の圧力P1を測定する
ことにより、気泡を適切な注入圧力P2で注入で
きる。 Moreover, by determining an appropriate expansion ratio η and each coefficient using the above-mentioned Q, the pressure difference P can be determined from the above formula. Therefore, if the pressure inside the pressure chamber is P 1 and the pressure applied to the foamer is P 2 , then P 2 = P 1 + P, so by measuring the pressure P 1 inside the pressure chamber, bubbles can be properly controlled. Can be injected at injection pressure P 2 .
起泡剤溶液流量Ｑを一定に保ち、圧力差Ｐを変
えたとき、発泡倍率ηは第１図のように変化す
る。次に、圧力差Ｐを一定に保ち、起泡剤溶液流
量Ｑを変えたとき、発泡倍率ηは第２図のように
変化する。このような実験を前もつて行ない、η
とＰ、Ｑとの関係回帰式を求めることにより、係
数k0、k1、α、βを定めることができる。 When the foaming agent solution flow rate Q is kept constant and the pressure difference P is changed, the foaming ratio η changes as shown in FIG. Next, when the pressure difference P is kept constant and the foaming agent solution flow rate Q is changed, the foaming ratio η changes as shown in FIG. We conducted such an experiment in advance, and η
By finding a regression equation for the relationship between P and Q, the coefficients k 0 , k 1 , α, and β can be determined.
次に適切な発泡倍率は起泡剤の性質あるいは地
山の性状を勘案して適切な値を設定する。これは
経験的に定め得る。 Next, an appropriate foaming ratio is set by taking into consideration the properties of the foaming agent or the properties of the ground. This can be determined empirically.
そして、起泡剤の適切な注入率Ｃは地山の土砂
の粒度等を考慮して決定する。この注入率は地山
の地質に影響を与えることから、地山の地質が変
るか否かを調べ、地質が変る場合には、注入率Ｃ
を別の値に設定し直すことが好ましい。 The appropriate injection rate C of the foaming agent is determined by taking into consideration the particle size of the earth and sand. Since this injection rate affects the geology of the ground, it is investigated whether the geology of the ground changes, and if the geology changes, the injection rate C
It is preferable to reset the value to another value.
前記操作は例えば計算機による自動制御で行な
うことができる。すなわち、前記式の各係数、断
面積Ａ及び注入率Ｃを前もつて入力しておき、掘
進速度Ｓの測定値を計算機に入力し、この値から
起泡剤溶液流量Ｑを算定し、その結果に基づいて
起泡剤供給用のポンプの回転数を変え、起泡剤の
供給量を調整する。他方、起泡剤溶液流量Ｑの値
から圧力差Ｐを算定し、計算機に入力した圧力室
内の圧力P1から発泡器に加えられる圧力P2を得、
発泡器へ圧縮空気を供給する配管中の自動調圧弁
を作動して適正な圧力とする。発泡器から圧力室
内へ注入された気泡はずりと混合され、ずりに流
動性を与える。しかし、地山の地質が変るような
ときには、手動操作で注入率Ｃを変更し、前記操
作を繰り返すことにより、最適な工法を確保でき
る。 The above operation can be performed under automatic control using a computer, for example. That is, input each coefficient, cross-sectional area A, and injection rate C in the above formula in advance, input the measured value of the excavation speed S into the calculator, calculate the foaming agent solution flow rate Q from this value, and calculate the foaming agent solution flow rate Q from this value. Based on the results, the rotation speed of the pump for supplying the foaming agent is changed to adjust the amount of foaming agent supplied. On the other hand, calculate the pressure difference P from the value of the foaming agent solution flow rate Q, and obtain the pressure P 2 applied to the foamer from the pressure P 1 in the pressure chamber input into the calculator,
Operate the automatic pressure regulating valve in the piping that supplies compressed air to the foamer to maintain the appropriate pressure. Air bubbles injected into the pressure chamber from the foamer mix with the shear, giving it fluidity. However, when the geology of the ground changes, the optimum construction method can be ensured by manually changing the injection rate C and repeating the above operation.
本発明のシールド工法は第３図に示す装置を用
いて実施できる。 The shield construction method of the present invention can be carried out using the apparatus shown in FIG.
シールド掘進機１０はシールド本体１２を含
む。このシールド本体１２は隔壁１４と、隔壁１
４の前方に回転可能に配置されるカツタ１６とを
備える。隔壁１４の前方はシールド本体１２と隔
壁１４とにより形成された圧力室１８となつてい
る。シールド本体１２にはカツタ１６を駆動する
駆動装置２０とシールド本体１２を前進させる複
数のジヤツキ２２とが設けられており、駆動装置
２０によりカツタ１６を回転させながら、ジヤツ
キ２２により後方のセグメント２４を押しこの反
力でシールド本体１２を前進させると、カツタ１
６の前方の地山２６は掘削される。掘削されたず
りは圧力室１８に充填され、圧力室１８の容量を
越えたずりは隔壁１４から後方へ伸びるスクリユ
ーコンベヤ２８を経て排出される。この場合のず
りの充填率は掘削量と排出量との差で定まり、こ
の差を大きくすると充填率は高くなる。地山２６
の性状によつては圧力室１８内のずりの充填率を
高めることができず、前記した地山２６の崩壊が
生ずる。 The shield tunneling machine 10 includes a shield body 12. This shield body 12 includes a partition wall 14 and a partition wall 1
4 and a cutter 16 rotatably disposed in front of the cutter 4. A pressure chamber 18 is formed in front of the partition wall 14 by the shield body 12 and the partition wall 14 . The shield body 12 is provided with a drive device 20 that drives the cutter 16 and a plurality of jacks 22 that move the shield body 12 forward.While the drive device 20 rotates the cutter 16, the jack 22 moves the rear segment 24. When the shield body 12 is moved forward by the reaction force of the push, the cutter 1
The ground 26 in front of No. 6 is excavated. The excavated waste fills the pressure chamber 18, and the waste exceeding the capacity of the pressure chamber 18 is discharged via a screw conveyor 28 extending rearward from the bulkhead 14. In this case, the shear filling rate is determined by the difference between the excavation amount and the discharge amount, and the larger this difference, the higher the filling rate. Chiyama 26
Depending on the nature of the shear, it may not be possible to increase the filling rate of shear within the pressure chamber 18, resulting in the aforementioned collapse of the ground 26.
発泡器３０はガラスビーズ３２を充填した円筒
部材によつて形成され、その入口側は２つの配管
３４，３６に、またその出口側は配管３８にそれ
ぞれ接続されている。この発泡器３０は圧縮空気
と起泡剤溶液とを混合し、起泡させる。ガラスビ
ーズ３２の形状、寸法、発泡器への詰込み長さを
変えることにより、気泡の径を変えることができ
る。例えば、ガラスビーズ３２の径を大きくする
と、この発泡器３０により発生され気泡の径が大
きくなり、ガラスビーズ３２の径を小さくする
と、気泡の径は小さくなる。また、ガラスビーズ
３２の形状、寸法、発泡器への詰込み長さを変え
ることにより、増粘剤を使用した粘性の高い起泡
剤を使用しても、発泡が可能となる。発泡器３０
の口径、長さ及びガラスビーズ３２の径は前記し
た式の係数αの値に影響を及ぼす。 The foamer 30 is formed of a cylindrical member filled with glass beads 32, and its inlet side is connected to two pipes 34 and 36, and its outlet side is connected to a pipe 38, respectively. This foamer 30 mixes compressed air and a foaming agent solution and foams the mixture. By changing the shape, size, and length of the glass beads 32 packed into the foamer, the diameter of the bubbles can be changed. For example, when the diameter of the glass beads 32 is increased, the diameter of the bubbles generated by the foamer 30 is increased, and when the diameter of the glass beads 32 is decreased, the diameter of the bubbles is decreased. Furthermore, by changing the shape, size, and length of the glass beads 32 packed into the foamer, foaming can be achieved even when using a highly viscous foaming agent containing a thickener. Foaming machine 30
The diameter and length of the glass bead 32 and the diameter of the glass bead 32 affect the value of the coefficient α in the above equation.
発泡器３０の出口側の配管３８は隔壁１４を貫
通して圧力室１８へ開口しており、発泡器３０で
発生した気泡を圧力室１８へ導く。 A piping 38 on the outlet side of the foamer 30 penetrates the partition wall 14 and opens into the pressure chamber 18, and guides the bubbles generated in the foamer 30 to the pressure chamber 18.
発泡器３０の入口側の配管３４は空気圧縮機４
０に連なつている。この空気圧縮機４０からの圧
縮空気の圧力と気泡剤溶液の供給量とを変えるこ
とにより、発泡器３０の出口側に圧力が付加され
た状態でも、任意の発泡倍率の気泡を製造でき
る。配管３４には自動調圧弁４２と圧力計４４と
が組込まれている。 The piping 34 on the inlet side of the foamer 30 is connected to the air compressor 4
It is connected to 0. By changing the pressure of the compressed air from the air compressor 40 and the supply amount of the foaming agent solution, bubbles with an arbitrary expansion ratio can be produced even when pressure is applied to the outlet side of the foamer 30. An automatic pressure regulating valve 42 and a pressure gauge 44 are incorporated into the piping 34.
他方、配管３６は配管３４から分岐し、起泡剤
溶液を収容するタンク４６に連なつている。タン
ク４６には必要に応じて気泡強化剤が一定の濃度
に稀釈して収容され、起泡剤溶液と混合される。
この起泡剤溶液及び気泡強化剤の種類が濃度が前
記式のβに影響を及ぼす。配管３６には容量可変
のポンプ４８と流量計５０とが組込まれている。 On the other hand, piping 36 branches from piping 34 and is connected to a tank 46 containing a foaming agent solution. The tank 46 contains a foam reinforcing agent diluted to a certain concentration as needed, and mixed with the foaming agent solution.
The type and concentration of the foaming agent solution and foam strengthening agent influence β in the above equation. A variable capacity pump 48 and a flow meter 50 are incorporated into the piping 36 .
圧力室１８内に圧力測定装置５２が設置され、
圧力室１８内のずり圧力又はずり圧力と水力を測
定する。この圧力測定装置５２は配管３８の開口
の近くに配置される。他方、ジヤツキ２２に掘進
速度を測定する速度測定装置５４が取付けられ、
ジヤツキのピストンロツドの伸長の速さからシー
ルド掘進機１０の掘進速度を測定する。 A pressure measuring device 52 is installed in the pressure chamber 18,
The shear pressure or shear pressure and hydraulic force in the pressure chamber 18 are measured. This pressure measuring device 52 is placed near the opening of the pipe 38. On the other hand, a speed measuring device 54 for measuring the digging speed is attached to the jack 22,
The excavation speed of the shield excavator 10 is measured from the speed of extension of the jack's piston rod.
圧力測定装置５２と速度測定装置５４とは制御
装置５６に接続され、測定値はこの制御装置５６
へ入力する。制御装置５６は測定値を演算し、そ
の結果に基づいて自動調圧弁４２とポンプ４８と
を制御する。すなわち、速度測定装置５４からの
測定値に基づいてポンプ４８の回転を変え、適切
な量の起泡剤を発泡器３０へ供給する。このと
き、流量計５０によつて起泡剤の流量を確認でき
る。また、圧力測定装置５２からの測定値と起泡
剤の流量とに基づいて自動調圧弁４２を作動し、
発泡器３０に供給される空気の圧力を調整する。
このとき、圧力計４４によつて発泡器３０の入口
圧力を確認できる。 The pressure measuring device 52 and the speed measuring device 54 are connected to a control device 56, and the measured values are transmitted to the control device 56.
Enter. The control device 56 calculates the measured values and controls the automatic pressure regulating valve 42 and the pump 48 based on the results. That is, the rotation of the pump 48 is varied based on the measured value from the speed measuring device 54 to supply an appropriate amount of foaming agent to the foamer 30. At this time, the flow rate of the foaming agent can be checked using the flow meter 50. Further, the automatic pressure regulating valve 42 is operated based on the measured value from the pressure measuring device 52 and the flow rate of the foaming agent,
Adjust the pressure of air supplied to the foamer 30.
At this time, the inlet pressure of the foamer 30 can be confirmed using the pressure gauge 44.
本発明によれば、圧力室の測定圧力と起泡剤の
供給量とに基づいて発泡器に加える圧力を調整す
ることにより、発泡倍率を所定の範囲に保持する
ことができ、これにより、地山の性状に応じたず
りと気泡との最適な混合率を得ることができる。
その結果、内部摩擦の高い地山の掘進において
も、圧力室内の充填度を高くすることが可能とな
り、地山の崩壊を防止できる。 According to the present invention, the foaming ratio can be maintained within a predetermined range by adjusting the pressure applied to the foamer based on the measured pressure of the pressure chamber and the supply amount of the foaming agent. It is possible to obtain the optimum mixing ratio of shear and bubbles depending on the properties of the mountain.
As a result, even when excavating a rock with high internal friction, it is possible to increase the degree of filling in the pressure chamber, and it is possible to prevent the rock from collapsing.
第１図は圧力差と発泡倍率との関係を示す特性
図、第２図は起泡剤溶液流量と発泡倍率との関係
を示す特性図、第３図は本発明方法を実施する装
置の概略を示す説明図である。
１０；シールド掘進機、１２；シールド本体、
１４；隔壁、１６；カツタ、１８；圧力室、２
６；地山、３０；発泡器、３２；ガラスビーズ、
４０；空気圧縮機、４６；タンク、４２；自動調
圧弁、４８；ポンプ、５２；圧力測定装置、５
４；速度測定装置。
Fig. 1 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between pressure difference and foaming ratio, Fig. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the relation between foaming agent solution flow rate and foaming ratio, and Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention. FIG. 10; Shield excavator, 12; Shield main body,
14; partition wall, 16; cutlet, 18; pressure chamber, 2
6; Earth, 30; Foaming device, 32; Glass beads,
40; Air compressor, 46; Tank, 42; Automatic pressure regulating valve, 48; Pump, 52; Pressure measuring device, 5
4; Speed measuring device.
Claims (1)
進機の前記圧力室へ、発泡器で形成された気泡を
注入しながらトンネルを掘進するシールド工法で
あつて、前記圧力室の圧力および前記発泡器に供
給される起泡剤溶液の流量をそれぞれ測定し、測
定された圧力と測定された起泡剤溶液の流量とに
基づいて前記発泡器に加えられる空気圧力を調整
することを含む、シールド工法。1. A shield construction method in which a tunnel is excavated while injecting air bubbles formed by a foamer into the pressure chamber of a shield excavator provided with a pressure chamber in front of a partition wall, wherein the pressure in the pressure chamber and the foamer a shield method comprising: respectively measuring the flow rate of a foaming agent solution supplied to the foamer; and adjusting the air pressure applied to the foamer based on the measured pressure and the measured flow rate of the foaming agent solution. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12685583A JPS6019898A (en) | 1983-07-14 | 1983-07-14 | Shield construction method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12685583A JPS6019898A (en) | 1983-07-14 | 1983-07-14 | Shield construction method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6019898A JPS6019898A (en) | 1985-02-01 |
| JPH0252758B2 true JPH0252758B2 (en) | 1990-11-14 |
Family
ID=14945510
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12685583A Granted JPS6019898A (en) | 1983-07-14 | 1983-07-14 | Shield construction method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6019898A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61282597A (en) * | 1985-06-05 | 1986-12-12 | 株式会社熊谷組 | Foaming device for shield excavation method |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6122114B2 (en) * | 1974-01-23 | 1986-05-30 | Kajima Corp | |
| JPS56156391A (en) * | 1980-05-01 | 1981-12-03 | Kajima Corp | Foaming agent addition method and apparatus |
| JPS5996395A (en) * | 1982-11-22 | 1984-06-02 | 株式会社 青木建設 | Shield drilling method |
-
1983
- 1983-07-14 JP JP12685583A patent/JPS6019898A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6019898A (en) | 1985-02-01 |
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