JPH0260277B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPH0260277B2
JPH0260277B2 JP60084437A JP8443785A JPH0260277B2 JP H0260277 B2 JPH0260277 B2 JP H0260277B2 JP 60084437 A JP60084437 A JP 60084437A JP 8443785 A JP8443785 A JP 8443785A JP H0260277 B2 JPH0260277 B2 JP H0260277B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
nuclear fuel
binder
powder
acid
molding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP60084437A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS61243394A (en
Inventor
Hitoshi Ishizaki
Takeshi Makino
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NIPPON NUCLEAR FUELS
Original Assignee
NIPPON NUCLEAR FUELS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NIPPON NUCLEAR FUELS filed Critical NIPPON NUCLEAR FUELS
Priority to JP60084437A priority Critical patent/JPS61243394A/en
Publication of JPS61243394A publication Critical patent/JPS61243394A/en
Publication of JPH0260277B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0260277B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30Nuclear fission reactors

Landscapes

  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

〔発明の技術分野〕 本発明は成形体の製造方法に関し、特に、クラ
ツク等の欠陥がなく機械的特性にすぐれたセラミ
ツク核燃料成形体の製造方法に関する。 〔発明の技術的背景〕 原子炉に使用されている核燃料は二酸化ウラ
ン、酸化プラントニウム入り二酸化ウラン等の成
分から構成され、通常はこれら酸化物を成形、焼
結して得られる焼結体として用いている。これら
焼結体ペレツトは核燃料酸化物の粉末を加圧成形
し、これを焼結しさらに焼結体の外周面を研削す
ることによつて得られるが、ペレツトにかけや割
れ等の欠陥が存在すると核燃料として使用し得な
い。これら欠陥の多くは成形体の成形時に成形体
の強度が小さいために発生する。したがつてこれ
を改善するために核燃料酸化物粉末に結合剤(バ
インダー)を添加する方法が通常とられている。 このような目的で用いるバインダーとしては、
従来澱粉、デキストリン、アルギン酸、アルギン
酸ソーダ、カゼイン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポ
リアクリル酸ソーダ、ポリエチレングリコール、
尿素、微結晶セルロース、ぶどう糖、乳酸、酒石
酸、リンゴ酸、マロン酸、重炭酸アンモニウム、
炭酸アンモニウム等が用いられている。 しかしながら、上記のようなバインダーを用い
て従来の方法で得られた成形体は、機械的性質の
点で必ずしも満足のいくものではない。また、成
形工程においても、成形材料に塑性を付与して成
形体の取扱いを容易にする、という点で今だ不十
分である。 〔発明の概要〕 本発明は上述した点に鑑みてなされたものであ
り、成形体の製造工程の一層の容易化と作業能率
の向上が図られるとともに、クラツク等の欠陥が
なく機械的性質にすぐれたセラミツク核燃料成形
体の製造方法を提供すること、を目的とする。 本発明者らは、上記目的を達成するために様々
な実験を繰り返した結果、核燃料粉末に混合する
バインダーをマレイン酸のような消失性(焼結工
程において分解し消散する性質)のバインダーと
して、しかも該バインダーを水の存在下で混合す
ることにより、成形体作業が容易になり、かつ、
得られる燃料成形体の機械的性質もすぐれて向上
することを見出した。 本発明は上記知見に基いてなされたものであ
り、更に詳しくは、核燃料粉末と、焼結工程にお
いて消失する不飽和酸からなるバインダーとを水
の存在下で混合し、この混合物を乾燥したのち加
圧成形し、焼結することを特徴とするものであ
る。 〔発明の具体的説明〕 以下、本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。以下の
記載において、量を表わす「%」は特に断らない
限り重量基準である。 核燃料粉末 本発明で用いられる核燃料粉末としては、二酸
化ウランその他の酸化ウラン、酸化プルトニウ
ム、酸化トリウム等があげられ、これらは1種ま
たは2種以上混合して用いられる。又、中性子吸
収物質、例えば酸化ガドリニウムとの混合物とし
ても用いられる。その凝集粒径は混合前において
約10〜1500μm程度の範囲が好ましい。 バインダー バインダーとしては消失性バインダーが用られ
る。本発明において「消失性バインダー」とは、
加熱炉等で、焼結が始まる前に核燃料物質から熱
分解気化により完全に除去され、焼結体中に炭素
等の残渣を残さず、かつ焼結体組織に影響を与え
ることのないバインダーを意味する。 消失性バインダーとして用いられる物質として
は、不飽和酸があげられ、具体的にはマレイン
酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸等があり、中でもマレ
イン酸が特に好ましく用いられる。 また、その添加量は、核燃料粉末に対して0.5
〜5%となる範囲が望ましい。添加量が0.5未満
であると、成形体の物理的特性の改善効果が小さ
く、一方5%を越えると、バインダーの形状によ
つても異なるが焼結体の密度が低下し核燃料製品
として使用することができなくなることもあり、
又結合剤使用量の増加に伴う、経済的不利益も生
じる。 製造工程 まず、核燃料粉末にバインダーを添加する。添
加されたバインダーと核燃料粉末との混合は適当
な乾式混合装置を用いて行うことができる。装置
としては、V型ブレンダー、リボン型ブレンダ
ー、スラブ型ブレンダー、流動床ブレンダー、振
動ミル、ボールミル、遠心ミル等が用いられ得
る。 また、上記混合は水の存在下で行なわれる。こ
のような混合方法としては、 (イ)バインダーを水溶液の状態で核燃料粉末に添
加し混合する方法、(ロ)固体(粉末状)のバインダ
ーを水とともに核燃料粉末に添加し、混合する方
法、(ハ)核燃料粉末にバインダー粉末を添加し、加
湿しながら加熱(バインダーの融点以下の温度)
し、混合を行なう方法、が好ましく用いられる。 上記(ハ)の方法をとる場合、加湿の程度は、相対
湿度80〜90%の範囲が望ましい。 次いで、このようにして得られた混合物中の水
分を除去する。乾燥の方法としては、混合物を加
熱する方法、混合物の雰囲気湿度を低下させる方
法、乾燥ガスを混合物中に通す方法などがとられ
得る。 次いで、このようにして乾燥した混合粉末と常
法に従い、所望形状の成形機の金型中に装入し、
例えば0.5〜5ton/cm2程度の圧力で成形して、40
〜60%TD(理論密度の40%〜60%、理論密度は
二酸化ウランの場合10.95g/cm3)の成形体を得
る。 次いで成形体を、水素、水素+窒素、またはア
ルゴン等の還元性あるいは不活性ガス雰囲気中
で、核燃料粉末の種類に応じた焼結条件(例えば
通常の核燃料酸化物粉末の場合、約1500〜1800℃
で約1〜10時間)で焼結する。得られた焼結体
は、例えば所望の直径に研削し、これを燃料被覆
管中に装填し不活性ガスに置換して封入し燃料棒
としそれらを集めて燃料集合体として原子炉の運
転に供する。 以下本発明の実施例について説明するが、本発
明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。 〔実施例〕 以下に示す(a),(b),(c)および(d)の4種の混合粉
末を作成した。 (a)二酸化ウラン粉末のみ、(b)二酸化ウラン粉末
にマレイン酸の水溶液を2%添加したもの、(c)二
酸化ウラン粉末にマレイン酸を2%添加し、水を
加えたもの、(d)二酸化ウランにマレイン酸を2%
添加し、加熱・加湿(温度80℃、相対湿度90%、
処理時間60分)したもの。 これらの混合粉末を、恒温恒湿槽内で温度60
℃、相対湿度30%の条件で60分間乾燥を行つた。 この乾燥混合粉末を成形機を用いて成形圧力
1.3ton/cm2で成形して直径約13mmの円柱状成形体
を得た。この成形体を成形体強度装置の受台上に
軸を横にしておき成形体を加圧体で圧縮して破断
までの伸び(全伸び)、塑性指数、F3を評価し
た。ここで塑性指数とは全伸びに対する塑性伸び
の割合であり、F3は破壊の開始後における割れ
鈍化または割れ目の進行に対する抵抗性を表わす
相対的尺度を示す。 各試料についての測定評価結果を下記第1表に
示す。
[Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a molded body, and particularly to a method for manufacturing a ceramic nuclear fuel molded body that is free from defects such as cracks and has excellent mechanical properties. [Technical Background of the Invention] Nuclear fuel used in nuclear reactors is composed of components such as uranium dioxide and uranium dioxide containing plantonium oxide, and is usually produced as a sintered body obtained by molding and sintering these oxides. I am using it. These sintered pellets are obtained by press-molding nuclear fuel oxide powder, sintering it, and then grinding the outer peripheral surface of the sintered pellet. However, if the pellets have defects such as chips or cracks, It cannot be used as nuclear fuel. Many of these defects occur because the strength of the compact is low during molding. Therefore, in order to improve this problem, a method of adding a binder to the nuclear fuel oxide powder is commonly used. Binders used for this purpose include:
Conventional starch, dextrin, alginic acid, sodium alginate, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol,
Urea, microcrystalline cellulose, glucose, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, malonic acid, ammonium bicarbonate,
Ammonium carbonate etc. are used. However, molded bodies obtained by conventional methods using binders such as those described above are not necessarily satisfactory in terms of mechanical properties. Furthermore, in the molding process, it is still insufficient to impart plasticity to the molding material to make the molded product easier to handle. [Summary of the Invention] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and it is intended to further facilitate the manufacturing process of a molded article and improve work efficiency, and to improve mechanical properties without defects such as cracks. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an excellent ceramic nuclear fuel molded body. As a result of repeated various experiments to achieve the above object, the present inventors have determined that the binder to be mixed with nuclear fuel powder is a fugitive binder (having the property of being decomposed and dissipated in the sintering process) such as maleic acid. Moreover, by mixing the binder in the presence of water, the molding work becomes easier, and
It has also been found that the mechanical properties of the resulting fuel compacts are also significantly improved. The present invention has been made based on the above findings, and more specifically, nuclear fuel powder and a binder made of an unsaturated acid that disappears in the sintering process are mixed in the presence of water, and after drying this mixture. It is characterized by being press-molded and sintered. [Specific Description of the Invention] The present invention will be described in more detail below. In the following description, "%" representing an amount is based on weight unless otherwise specified. Nuclear Fuel Powder The nuclear fuel powder used in the present invention includes uranium dioxide, other uranium oxides, plutonium oxide, thorium oxide, etc., and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It is also used as a mixture with neutron absorbing substances such as gadolinium oxide. The aggregate particle size before mixing is preferably in the range of about 10 to 1500 μm. Binder A fugitive binder is used as the binder. In the present invention, "fugitive binder" means:
A binder that is completely removed by thermal decomposition and vaporization from the nuclear fuel material before sintering begins in a heating furnace, etc., leaves no residue such as carbon in the sintered body, and does not affect the structure of the sintered body. means. Examples of substances used as fugitive binders include unsaturated acids, such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, etc. Among them, maleic acid is particularly preferably used. In addition, the amount added is 0.5 to nuclear fuel powder.
A range of ~5% is desirable. If the amount added is less than 0.5%, the effect of improving the physical properties of the compact will be small, while if it exceeds 5%, the density of the sintered compact will decrease, although it varies depending on the shape of the binder, making it difficult to use it as a nuclear fuel product. You may not be able to
There is also an economic disadvantage associated with the increased amount of binder used. Manufacturing process First, a binder is added to nuclear fuel powder. The added binder and nuclear fuel powder can be mixed using a suitable dry mixing device. As the apparatus, a V-type blender, a ribbon-type blender, a slab-type blender, a fluidized bed blender, a vibration mill, a ball mill, a centrifugal mill, etc. can be used. Further, the above mixing is performed in the presence of water. Such mixing methods include (a) a method in which a binder is added to nuclear fuel powder in the form of an aqueous solution and mixed; (b) a method in which a solid (powdered) binder is added to nuclear fuel powder together with water and mixed; C) Add binder powder to nuclear fuel powder and heat while humidifying (temperature below the melting point of the binder)
A method of mixing is preferably used. When using method (c) above, the degree of humidification is preferably within the range of 80 to 90% relative humidity. The water in the mixture thus obtained is then removed. Examples of the drying method include heating the mixture, reducing the atmospheric humidity of the mixture, and passing a drying gas through the mixture. Next, the thus dried mixed powder is charged into a mold of a molding machine of a desired shape according to a conventional method,
For example, by molding at a pressure of about 0.5 to 5 ton/ cm2 ,
A molded body of ~60% TD (40% to 60% of theoretical density, theoretical density is 10.95 g/cm 3 for uranium dioxide) is obtained. The compact is then sintered in a reducing or inert gas atmosphere such as hydrogen, hydrogen + nitrogen, or argon under sintering conditions depending on the type of nuclear fuel powder (for example, in the case of normal nuclear fuel oxide powder, about 1500 to 1800 ℃
1 to 10 hours). The obtained sintered body is, for example, ground to a desired diameter, loaded into a fuel cladding tube, replaced with an inert gas, and sealed to form a fuel rod, which is then collected as a fuel assembly for operation of a nuclear reactor. provide Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. [Example] Four types of mixed powders (a), (b), (c) and (d) shown below were prepared. (a) Uranium dioxide powder only, (b) Uranium dioxide powder with 2% aqueous maleic acid added, (c) uranium dioxide powder with 2% maleic acid added and water, (d) 2% maleic acid in uranium dioxide
Add, heat and humidify (temperature 80℃, relative humidity 90%,
Processing time: 60 minutes). These mixed powders were heated to 60°C in a constant temperature and humidity chamber.
Drying was carried out for 60 minutes at a temperature of 30% relative humidity. This dry mixed powder is molded using a molding machine under pressure.
A cylindrical molded product with a diameter of about 13 mm was obtained by molding at 1.3 ton/cm 2 . This molded body was placed on a pedestal of a molded body strength device with its axis horizontally, and the molded body was compressed with a pressurizing body to evaluate elongation to break (total elongation), plasticity index, and F3 . Here, the plasticity index is the ratio of plastic elongation to total elongation, and F 3 is a relative measure of resistance to crack slowing or crack propagation after initiation of fracture. The measurement and evaluation results for each sample are shown in Table 1 below.

【表】【table】

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

上記実施例の結果からも明らかなように、本発
明の核燃料成形体の製造方法は、核燃料粉末に消
失性バインダーを水の存在下で混合するようにし
たので、従来法に比べて成形作業が容易になると
ともに、割れやクラツク等の欠陥がなく機械的性
質にすぐれた核燃料成形体を得ることができる。
As is clear from the results of the above examples, the method for producing a nuclear fuel compact of the present invention involves mixing the fugitive binder with the nuclear fuel powder in the presence of water, which requires less molding work than the conventional method. Not only is it easy to produce, but it is also possible to obtain a nuclear fuel molded body that is free from defects such as cracks and cracks and has excellent mechanical properties.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 核燃料粉末と、焼結工程において消失する不
飽和酸からなるバインダーとを水の存在下で混合
し、この混合物を乾燥したのち加圧成形し、焼結
することを特徴とする、核燃料成形体の製造方
法。 2 前記バインダーが、マレイン酸、フマル酸、
またはイタコン酸から選ばれる、特許請求の範囲
第1項に記載の方法。
[Claims] 1. A nuclear fuel powder and a binder made of an unsaturated acid that disappears in the sintering process are mixed in the presence of water, and this mixture is dried, then pressure-molded, and sintered. A method for producing a nuclear fuel compact. 2 The binder is maleic acid, fumaric acid,
or itaconic acid.
JP60084437A 1985-04-22 1985-04-22 Manufacture of nuclear fuel molded shape Granted JPS61243394A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60084437A JPS61243394A (en) 1985-04-22 1985-04-22 Manufacture of nuclear fuel molded shape

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60084437A JPS61243394A (en) 1985-04-22 1985-04-22 Manufacture of nuclear fuel molded shape

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS61243394A JPS61243394A (en) 1986-10-29
JPH0260277B2 true JPH0260277B2 (en) 1990-12-14

Family

ID=13830565

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP60084437A Granted JPS61243394A (en) 1985-04-22 1985-04-22 Manufacture of nuclear fuel molded shape

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS61243394A (en)

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4432915A (en) * 1982-03-22 1984-02-21 General Electric Company Method for producing nuclear fuel pellets, and product thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS61243394A (en) 1986-10-29

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