JPH0311399B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPH0311399B2
JPH0311399B2 JP60097615A JP9761585A JPH0311399B2 JP H0311399 B2 JPH0311399 B2 JP H0311399B2 JP 60097615 A JP60097615 A JP 60097615A JP 9761585 A JP9761585 A JP 9761585A JP H0311399 B2 JPH0311399 B2 JP H0311399B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
heat
heat storage
storage material
medium
hydrated salt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP60097615A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS60259890A (en
Inventor
Mineo Kosaka
Tadashi Asahina
Hiroshi Taoda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
Original Assignee
Agency of Industrial Science and Technology
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Agency of Industrial Science and Technology filed Critical Agency of Industrial Science and Technology
Priority to JP60097615A priority Critical patent/JPS60259890A/en
Publication of JPS60259890A publication Critical patent/JPS60259890A/en
Publication of JPH0311399B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0311399B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/025—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being in direct contact with a heat-exchange medium or with another heat storage material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

［産業上の利用分野］ 本発明は、直接熱交換方式の潜熱型蓄熱器に関
するものである。 ［従来の技術］ 現在、熱エネルギーの経済的な管理を目的とし
て、優秀な蓄熱器の出現が待望されている。これ
までに、物質の温度変化そのものを利用する顕熱
型、物質の溶融潜熱を利用する潜熱型、物質の化
学変化熱を利用する反応形など、多くの蓄熱形式
が研究されているが、いずれも一長一短がある。
蓄熱研究の主要な課題が蓄熱器の性能の向上であ
ることは言うまでもないが、さらに重要な問題と
してそのコストがあげられる。蓄熱器は省資源、
省エネルギーを目的とする機器であるため、あま
りに高コストとなつては、いかに性能が優秀であ
つても開発の意義がうすれる。 即ち、一般に、冷暖房や給湯を目的とする蓄熱
では、無機水和塩（結晶水を持つ無機塩類、たと
えば硫酸ナトリウム10水塩、Na2SO4・10H2Oや
チオ硫酸ナトリウム５水塩、Na2S2O3・5H2Oな
ど）が蓄熱材の有力な侯捕物質とされてきた。第
１図ａ，ｂはそれらの蓄熱材を用いる従来の潜熱
型蓄熱器の構造例を示すもので、同図ａはカプセ
ル型、ｂはシエル・チユーブ型と呼ばれている。
第１図ａのカプセル型において、１は蓄熱容器、
２は熱媒体の入口、３は同出口、４は無機水和塩
よりなる潜熱型蓄熱材、５はその蓄熱材を充填・
密封した多数のカプセルを示す。また、第１図の
ｂのシエル・チユーブ型蓄熱器において、１１は
蓄熱容器、１２は熱媒体の入口、１３は同出口、
１４は無機水和塩よりなる潜熱型蓄熱材、１５は
熱媒体を通過させるための熱交換チユーブを示
す。 これらの潜熱型蓄熱器において、蓄熱材４，１
４は溶融と凝固をくり返すことにより、蓄熱・放
熱を行うが、図示したカプセルや熱交換チユーブ
は、蓄熱材と熱媒体の間に適当な熱交換面を確保
する目的と、溶融した蓄熱材が熱媒体と共に流出
しないように防護する目的をもつて設備されてい
る。ところがこのカプセルや熱交換チユーブの製
作と加工には、非常に多大の経費が必要であり、
場合によればそのものの価格を上回ることもめず
らしくない。 一方、蓄熱器に熱エネルギーを蓄熱する過程で
は、熱媒体の温度が予定よりも高過ぎたり、長過
ぎる熱交換時間を与えたなどの誤操作のために、
蓄熱器中の蓄熱材が完全に融解し、一方の種子結
晶も残存しないまでに過熱される場合がある。こ
のような場合には、蓄熱材中に結晶核となる物質
がなくなり、次に熱エネルギーを取出す過程にお
いて、溶融点以下になつても結晶化が進行せず、
いわゆる過冷状態を示すことが多発し、その結
果、蓄熱装置の機能が大きく阻害される。 従つて、このような問題についても簡易な手段
による対応策を講じる必要がある。 ［発明が解決しようとする課題］ 本発明の技術的課題は、前記カプセルや熱交換
チユーブを省略できる直接熱交換方式を用いて、
蓄熱器を構造が簡単で低コストなものとし、また
直接接触方式の潜熱型蓄熱器では、熱媒体の流動
による蓄熱材の攪拌作用が著しく、むしろその攪
拌をできるだけ助長するように配慮していること
から、それを結晶核の分散のために有効に利用で
きるようにした種子結晶発生器を得ることにあ
る。 ［課題を解決するための手段］ 上記課題を解決するため、本発明の潜熱型蓄熱
器は、蓄熱材と混合しない熱媒体液を小滴とし
て、蓄熱材と直接接触させ、熱交換を行わしめる
方式の潜熱型蓄熱器であつて、蓄熱材が無機水和
塩とその飽和水溶液とからなり、上記蓄熱器に、
その内部の蓄熱材が満たされている位置に開口
し、他端が封止された管の内部に蓄熱材となる無
機水和塩を充填し、かつその封止端が蓄熱器の断
熱材層の外側まで引出された構造の種子結晶発生
器を配設し、上記熱媒体の流動による蓄熱材の攪
拌を結晶核の分散手段としたことを特徴とするも
のである。 ［作用］ 蓄熱器に熱を貯蔵する場合には、加熱された熱
媒体を蓄熱器に供給し、それを小滴として蓄熱材
と直接的に接触させ、熱交換を行わせる。このよ
うな操作を継続すると、蓄熱材の温度が上昇する
と同時に、その中に含まれる無機水和塩結晶が融
解して、溶融潜熱に相当する熱量が貯蔵される。 逆に、蓄熱器から熱を放出させる場合には、熱
媒体を冷却させてから蓄熱材に小滴として接触さ
せる。その結果、溶融していた無機水和塩が折出
し、溶融潜熱が熱媒体に与えられる。 上記蓄熱器の放熱過程において、融液中に結晶
核が不足しても、種子結晶発生器中の結晶が溶融
せずに結晶のまま残存していることから、その結
晶が結晶核として作用することとなり、過冷する
ことなく円滑な凝固が進行する。 この場合、蓄熱材とその融液は、熱媒体の小滴
との直接接触によりよく攪拌されて流動するの
で、蓄熱材自体によつて種子結晶が広く分散さ
れ、別に結晶核の分散装置等を設置することな
く、蓄熱材全体に２次核を発生させることができ
る。 ［実施例］ 以下、図面を参照して本発明の蓄熱器について
さらに詳細に説明する。 第２図は本発明に係る潜熱型蓄熱器の基本的構
造を示し、２１は蓄熱容器、２２は熱媒体の入
口、２３はその出口、２４は蓄熱に適した材料か
らなる蓄熱材、２５は上記蓄熱材よりも比重が小
さい熱媒体液であつて、上記蓄熱材容器２１内に
おいては、充填した蓄熱材２４の上方に熱媒体の
出口２３に通ずる熱媒体貯留空間２５′を形成し
ている。また、２６は断熱材層、２７は案内板、
２８はポンプ、２９は熱源または熱負荷、３０は
ポンプ２８によつて供給される熱媒体２５を入口
２２において蓄熱材２４中に小滴として分散噴出
させる多孔体、３１は蓄熱材容器２１から断熱材
層２６を通してパイプ先端を外部に導出すること
により形成した種子結晶発生器を示している。 而して、上記蓄熱容器２１の底部の入口２２に
おいて熱媒体を小滴として噴出させる構成は、熱
媒体を蓄熱材に直接接触させるための手段を構成
し、また蓄熱容器２１の上部に形成した熱媒体貯
留空間２５′及びそれに通じる出口２３は、熱媒
体２５の比重を蓄熱材２４のそれよりも小さくし
たことから、熱交換のために直接接触した熱媒体
２５を蓄熱材２４から分離抽出するための手段を
構成することになる。上記熱媒体２５を蓄熱材２
４に直接接触させるための手段及び接触した熱媒
体２５を蓄熱材２４から分離する手段としては、
図示の構成例に限ることなく、同一の作用を期待
できる他の構成を採用することができる。 上記蓄熱材２４としては無機水和塩を用いる
が、その中を熱媒体２５が小滴となつて浮上する
ため、蓄放熱操作の過程で全体的に固体化するこ
とがあつてはならない。そのため、無機水和塩に
その化学量論比以上の水を含有させ、無機水和塩
の融点以下の温度でも、即ち熱エネルギーを貯蔵
する前または熱エネルギーを放出した後の状態に
おいても、無機水和塩の結晶とその飽和水溶液と
が共存するように調製したものが使用される。 無機水和塩の種類は非常に多く、適当な無機水
和塩を選択使用できるが、適量の飽和水溶液量を
得るために添加すべき水分量は、無機水和塩の種
頼によつてそれぞれ相違する。この水分量は、あ
まり少なくては熱媒体の浮上が困難であり、また
あまり多くては蓄熱材の単位体積当りの溶融潜熱
が低下する。種々検討した結果、適当と考えられ
る水分量の一例を次表に示す。 このような水分量では、蓄熱材に熱エネルギー
を貯蔵する前、または熱エネルギーを放出した後
の状態において、蓄熱材はその全量に対し８〜18
容積パーセントの飽和水溶液と残部の水和塩結晶
を含有しており、熱媒体が小滴となつて、蓄熱材
中を上昇することが可能である。なお、無機水和
塩と適量の飽和水溶液が共存することにより、従
来法でみられた「過冷」や「相分離」などの不都
合な現象も大幅に改善される。 また、上記蓄熱体としては、二種以上の無機水
和塩の結晶とそれらの飽和水溶液を用いることも
できる。このような蓄熱体の見かけ融点は、熱エ
ネルギーの使途（冷房、暖房、給湯など）と関連
して重要であるが、無機水和塩の種類、水含量、
二種以上の塩の混合比を適切に選定することによ
りその見かけ融点を調節し、幅広い使途に対応さ
せることができる。 [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a direct heat exchange type latent heat type heat storage device. [Prior Art] Currently, the emergence of an excellent heat storage device is eagerly awaited for the purpose of economical management of thermal energy. To date, many types of heat storage have been studied, including the sensible heat type, which uses the temperature change itself of the material, the latent heat type, which uses the latent heat of melting of the material, and the reaction type, which uses the heat of chemical change of the material. There are also pros and cons.
It goes without saying that the main challenge in heat storage research is improving the performance of heat storage devices, but an even more important issue is their cost. The heat storage device saves resources,
Since the purpose of the device is to save energy, if the cost is too high, the purpose of development will be lost, no matter how excellent the performance is. That is, in general, in heat storage for heating, cooling, and hot water supply, inorganic hydrated salts (inorganic salts with water of crystallization, such as sodium sulfate decahydrate, Na 2 SO 4 .10H 2 O, sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, Na 2S 2 O 3 , 5H 2 O, etc.) have been considered to be effective capture substances for heat storage materials. Figures 1a and 1b show structural examples of conventional latent heat type heat storage devices using these heat storage materials, with figure a being called a capsule type and figure b being called a shell tube type.
In the capsule type shown in FIG. 1a, 1 is a heat storage container;
2 is an inlet of the heat medium, 3 is an outlet thereof, 4 is a latent heat type heat storage material made of inorganic hydrated salt, and 5 is a place where the heat storage material is filled.
Showing a number of sealed capsules. In addition, in the shell tube type heat storage device shown in FIG.
Reference numeral 14 indicates a latent heat type heat storage material made of an inorganic hydrated salt, and 15 indicates a heat exchange tube through which a heat medium passes. In these latent heat type heat storage devices, heat storage materials 4, 1
4 stores and radiates heat by repeating melting and solidification, but the capsules and heat exchange tubes shown in the figure are used to secure an appropriate heat exchange surface between the heat storage material and the heat medium, and to dissipate heat from the molten heat storage material. The purpose of this equipment is to prevent heat transfer from flowing out together with the heat transfer medium. However, manufacturing and processing these capsules and heat exchange tubes requires an extremely large amount of expense.
In some cases, it is not uncommon for the price to exceed the price of the item itself. On the other hand, during the process of storing thermal energy in the heat storage device, due to incorrect operation such as the temperature of the heat medium being too high than expected or giving too long a heat exchange time,
The heat storage material in the heat storage device may be so heated that it completely melts and no seed crystals remain. In such a case, there is no substance in the heat storage material that will become a crystal nucleus, and in the next process of extracting thermal energy, crystallization will not proceed even if the temperature drops below the melting point.
A so-called supercooled state is frequently exhibited, and as a result, the function of the heat storage device is greatly inhibited. Therefore, it is necessary to take countermeasures against such problems using simple means. [Problem to be Solved by the Invention] The technical problem of the present invention is to solve the problem by using a direct heat exchange method that can omit the capsules and heat exchange tubes.
The structure of the heat storage device is simple and low cost, and in the case of direct contact latent heat type heat storage devices, the agitation effect of the heat storage material due to the flow of the heat medium is significant, so care has been taken to encourage that agitation as much as possible. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to obtain a seed crystal generator that can effectively utilize it for dispersing crystal nuclei. [Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, the latent heat type heat storage device of the present invention makes small droplets of a heat medium liquid that does not mix with the heat storage material and directly contacts the heat storage material to perform heat exchange. It is a latent heat type heat storage device of the method, and the heat storage material is composed of an inorganic hydrated salt and its saturated aqueous solution, and the heat storage material is
The inside of the tube is opened at the position where the heat storage material is filled, and the other end is sealed, and the inorganic hydrated salt that becomes the heat storage material is filled inside the tube, and the sealed end is the heat storage layer of the heat storage material. The present invention is characterized in that a seed crystal generator is provided with a structure that extends to the outside of the seed crystal generator, and stirring of the heat storage material by the flow of the heat medium is used as a means for dispersing crystal nuclei. [Operation] When storing heat in the heat storage device, a heated heat medium is supplied to the heat storage device, and the small droplets are brought into direct contact with the heat storage material to perform heat exchange. If such an operation is continued, the temperature of the heat storage material rises, and at the same time, the inorganic hydrated salt crystals contained therein melt, and the amount of heat corresponding to the latent heat of fusion is stored. Conversely, when heat is released from the heat storage device, the heat medium is cooled and then brought into contact with the heat storage material in the form of small droplets. As a result, the molten inorganic hydrated salt is precipitated and latent heat of fusion is imparted to the heating medium. In the heat dissipation process of the heat accumulator, even if there is a shortage of crystal nuclei in the melt, the crystals in the seed crystal generator do not melt and remain as crystals, so the crystals act as crystal nuclei. As a result, solidification proceeds smoothly without overcooling. In this case, the heat storage material and its melt are well stirred and flowed by direct contact with the heat medium droplets, so the seed crystals are widely dispersed by the heat storage material itself, and a separate crystal nucleus dispersion device etc. is used. Secondary nuclei can be generated throughout the heat storage material without installation. [Example] Hereinafter, the heat storage device of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 shows the basic structure of the latent heat type heat storage device according to the present invention, in which 21 is a heat storage container, 22 is a heat medium inlet, 23 is an outlet thereof, 24 is a heat storage material made of a material suitable for heat storage, and 25 is a heat storage material. The heat medium liquid has a specific gravity smaller than that of the heat storage material, and in the heat storage material container 21, a heat medium storage space 25' is formed above the filled heat storage material 24 and communicates with the heat medium outlet 23. . Further, 26 is a heat insulating material layer, 27 is a guide plate,
28 is a pump; 29 is a heat source or heat load; 30 is a porous body that disperses and ejects the heat medium 25 supplied by the pump 28 into the heat storage material 24 as small droplets at the inlet 22; 31 is a heat insulating member from the heat storage material container 21; A seed crystal generator formed by leading the tip of the pipe to the outside through the material layer 26 is shown. Therefore, the configuration in which the heat medium is spouted as small droplets at the inlet 22 at the bottom of the heat storage container 21 constitutes a means for bringing the heat medium into direct contact with the heat storage material, and the structure formed at the top of the heat storage container 21 constitutes a means for bringing the heat medium into direct contact with the heat storage material. Since the specific gravity of the heat medium 25 is made smaller than that of the heat storage material 24, the heat medium storage space 25' and the outlet 23 communicating therewith separate and extract the heat medium 25 that is in direct contact with the heat storage material 24 for heat exchange. It constitutes a means for The heat medium 25 is transferred to the heat storage material 2
4 and the means for separating the contacting heat medium 25 from the heat storage material 24 include:
The present invention is not limited to the illustrated configuration example, and other configurations that can be expected to have the same effect can be adopted. Inorganic hydrated salt is used as the heat storage material 24, but since the heat medium 25 floats therein in the form of small droplets, it must not solidify as a whole during the heat storage/dissipation operation. Therefore, by making the inorganic hydrated salt contain more than its stoichiometric ratio of water, the inorganic A hydrated salt crystal and a saturated aqueous solution thereof are prepared so as to coexist. There are many types of inorganic hydrated salts, and an appropriate inorganic hydrated salt can be selected and used, but the amount of water that should be added to obtain an appropriate amount of saturated aqueous solution depends on the type of inorganic hydrated salt. differ. If this moisture content is too small, it will be difficult for the heat medium to float, and if it is too large, the latent heat of fusion per unit volume of the heat storage material will decrease. As a result of various studies, the following table shows an example of the moisture content that is considered appropriate. With such a moisture content, before storing thermal energy in the thermal storage material or after releasing thermal energy, the thermal storage material has a moisture content of 8 to 18
It contains a volume percent saturated aqueous solution and the balance hydrated salt crystals, allowing the heat transfer medium to rise in droplets through the heat storage material. Furthermore, by coexisting an inorganic hydrated salt with an appropriate amount of a saturated aqueous solution, disadvantageous phenomena such as "overcooling" and "phase separation" observed in conventional methods can be significantly improved. Further, as the heat storage body, crystals of two or more types of inorganic hydrated salts and saturated aqueous solutions thereof can also be used. The apparent melting point of such a heat storage body is important in relation to the use of thermal energy (cooling, heating, hot water supply, etc.), but it also depends on the type of inorganic hydrated salt, water content,
By appropriately selecting the mixing ratio of two or more types of salts, the apparent melting point can be adjusted to accommodate a wide range of uses.

【表】 一方、熱媒体２５としては、一般に、蓄熱材２
４と化学反応や溶解等の相互作用がなく、かつ蓄
熱材よりも比重の小さい液体、例えばシリコーン
油、灯油、軽油、石油パラフイン、やし油等が使
用される。特殊な場合には、空気等の気体を使用
することもできる。上記液体について種々検討し
たが、粘度が使用温度において５〜20センチスト
ークスのシリコーン油が最適である。シリコーン
油は、表面張力が小さく、小滴になり易い上に、
蓄熱材融液とエマルジヨンを生成しないので容易
に分離できるなどの点ですぐれているが、あまり
に高粘度のシリコーン油は、ポンプ２８による輸
送動力が過大となるために適さない。また、シリ
コーン油は蓄熱材の上面を覆つて蓄熱材の水分の
変動を防止するほか、他の機器、例えば太陽熱集
熱器や給湯器等の腐食を軽減させる効果をも有し
ている。上記構成を有する蓄熱容器に熱を貯蔵す
る場合には、熱媒体２５をポンプ２８により熱源
２９に送給し、それを熱源２９において加熱して
から蓄熱容器の入口２２に戻して循環させる。上
記熱源２９としては、例えば太陽熱、工場排液、
夜間働力などがある。熱源２９において加熱され
て蓄熱容器に送られた熱媒体は、多孔体３０内を
通過することにより小滴となつて蓄熱体２４の中
を上昇（浮上）しつつ直接的に蓄熱材２４と熱交
換を行い、熱媒容器２１内の上方の熱媒体貯留空
間２５′へ戻る。このような操作を継続すると、
蓄熱材２４の温度が上昇すると同時に、その中に
含まれる無機水和塩結晶が融解して、溶融潜熱に
相当する熱量が貯蔵される。 逆に、蓄熱器から熱を放出させる場合には、熱
媒体２５を暖房用フアンコイル、吸収式冷凍機、
給湯器などの熱負荷２９へ送り、熱媒体２５を冷
却させてから入口２２に戻して還流させる。入口
２２から送入された熱媒体２５は、蓄熱材２４中
を小滴となつて上昇（浮上）しつつ熱交換を行
い、蓄熱材２４が冷却される。その結果、融解し
ていた無機水和塩が析出し、相当する溶融潜熱が
熱媒体２５に与えられる。 以上の説明から明らかなように、上記蓄熱器で
は、蓄熱材２４の温度変化に伴つて、その中に含
まれる無機水和塩の結晶とその融液である飽和水
溶液の量比が大きく変化する。しかし、蓄放熱操
作の過程で、蓄熱材全体が固体化しないように、
無機水和塩の化学量論比以上の水を含有させ、水
和塩の融点以下の温度でも、適量の飽和水溶液が
無機水和塩の結晶と共存する状態に調製している
ため、熱媒体を蓄熱体中に小滴として分散させる
ことによる両者の直接接触に支障を来たすことは
ない。 次に、前記案内板２７について説明する。この
案内板２７は、熱媒体２５が蓄熱材２４中を急速
に上昇して分離するのを抑制し、両者の接触時間
を十分に保つて熱交換性能を高めるためのもの
で、第３図ａ，ｂにその構造例を示している。同
図の案内板２７は、その平板部３２の片側に熱媒
体を小滴状として流出浮上させる小孔群３３を有
し、かつその周囲に熱媒体流（矢印）を適正な方
向に誘導すると同時に平板部３２の上に析出した
水和塩結晶３５をすべり落ちないように支持する
縁板３４を有するものである。平板部３２は小孔
群３３を有する側が高くなるようにして水平に対
して５〜7゜の角度だけ傾斜するように縁板３４と
接合され、第２図及び第３図ｂに示すように、小
孔群３３を有する側が左右交互に位置するように
蓄熱容器２１中に配置される。 このような案内板２７を配置しない場合には、
蓄熱器の放熱過程において、融液から無機水和塩
が析出すると、比重差によつて水和塩結晶が容器
の底部に沈降し、大量の水和塩結晶が容器底部に
堆積すると、入口２２を通つて熱媒体が流入する
ことが困難となり、また偏流を生じて熱交換が不
良になることもある。しかるに、上記案内板を設
置すると、蓄熱材中に生成した水和塩結晶が分散
して担持され、その全部が器底に堆積することが
なく、熱交換性能が高められる。案内板の間隔は
５〜10cmが好適である。 次に、前記種子結晶発生器３１について説明す
る。この種子結晶発生器３１は管状容器の中に、
蓄熱材と同種の無機水和塩を充填し、その一端が
蓄熱容器２１内部に蓄熱材２４と接触して開口し
ており、他端が断熱材層２６を貫通して外部へ引
出され、封止されている。蓄熱材が十分に昇温さ
れ、蓄熱材中の無機水和塩が完全に溶融している
場合、次に放熱を行わせようとすると、結晶核の
不足のため、軽度の過冷が観察されることがあ
る。種子結晶発生器３１中の水和塩は、特に外部
に引出された部分では加熱をうけないため、溶融
さずに結晶のままで残存できる。このため、放熱
に際してその結晶が種子結晶として作用し、過冷
の少ない円滑な凝固を進行させることができる。 ［発明の効果］ 以上に詳述したところから明らかなように、本
発明の蓄熱器によれば、直接接触の熱交換方式を
とることによつて従来の装置では多大の経費を要
していたカプセルや熱交換チユーブを不要とし、
極めて安価に蓄熱器を構成することができ、熱エ
ネルギーの有効利用に資するところが大である。 また、本発明においては、種子結晶発生器を配
設したので、その発生器内の結晶を種子結晶とし
て作用させて、過冷することなく円滑な凝固を進
行させることができる。 さらに、直接接触の熱交換方式によつて、蓄熱
材とその融液が熱媒体によりよく攪拌されて流動
するために、蓄熱材自体によつて種子結晶が広く
分散されて蓄熱材全体に二次核を発生させるの
で、これによつても蓄熱器を安価にすることがで
きる。 以下に本発明の実施列を示す。 第２図に示す構造を有し、その蓄熱容器の直径
が30cm、高さが80cmの円筒型蓄熱器を製作した。
この中に底部からの高さが65cmとなるまで蓄熱材
（水分量43重量パーセント、残部が水酢酸ナトリ
ウム）を入れ、蓄熱材の上部に厚みが７cmになる
までシリコーン油を入れて熱媒体とした。案内板
は第３図ａ，ｂの形状のものを10枚設置した。あ
らかじめ蓄熱器全体を均一に65℃になるまで昇温
させ、蓄熱材中の無機水和塩を完全に溶融させ
た。次に、電動ポンプを用いてシリコーン油を汲
出し、入口２２に還流する途中で水流熱交換器に
より冷却し、入口温度を24℃に保持した。シリコ
ーン油の出口と入口における温度差、流速及び比
熱から、蓄熱材から熱媒体へと移行した熱エネル
ギー量を計算し、蓄熱材の熱含量Ｑと平均温度Ｔ
の関係を第４図に示す。曲線C3は蓄熱材に、ま
た曲線C4は比較のため計測した蓄熱材と等容積
の水に対応する結果である。蓄熱材の見かけ融点
は約57℃であつた。この温度から上下10℃（計27
℃）の温度幅で比較すると、蓄熱材の熱含量は水
の約4.1倍となる。種子結晶発生器を取除いて試
験すると、前述の見かけ融点から約８℃の過冷が
観察された。[Table] On the other hand, the heat storage material 2 is generally used as the heat medium 25.
A liquid that does not interact with the heat storage material such as chemical reaction or dissolution, and has a specific gravity lower than that of the heat storage material, such as silicone oil, kerosene, light oil, petroleum paraffin, or coconut oil, is used. In special cases, a gas such as air may also be used. Various studies have been conducted on the above liquid, but silicone oil having a viscosity of 5 to 20 centistokes at the operating temperature is optimal. Silicone oil has a low surface tension and easily forms droplets.
Silicone oil is excellent in that it can be easily separated from the heat storage material melt because it does not form an emulsion, but silicone oil with too high a viscosity is not suitable because the transport power by the pump 28 becomes excessive. In addition, silicone oil covers the top surface of the heat storage material to prevent fluctuations in the moisture content of the heat storage material, and also has the effect of reducing corrosion of other equipment, such as solar heat collectors and water heaters. When storing heat in the heat storage container having the above configuration, the heat medium 25 is fed to the heat source 29 by the pump 28, heated in the heat source 29, and then returned to the inlet 22 of the heat storage container for circulation. Examples of the heat source 29 include solar heat, factory waste water,
This includes night work. The heat medium heated in the heat source 29 and sent to the heat storage container passes through the porous body 30 and becomes small droplets that rise (float) inside the heat storage body 24 and directly exchange heat with the heat storage material 24. After the exchange, the heat medium is returned to the upper heat medium storage space 25' in the heat medium container 21. If you continue this operation,
At the same time as the temperature of the heat storage material 24 rises, the inorganic hydrated salt crystals contained therein melt, and the amount of heat corresponding to the latent heat of fusion is stored. Conversely, when releasing heat from the heat storage device, the heat medium 25 is used as a heating fan coil, an absorption refrigerator,
The heat medium 25 is sent to a heat load 29 such as a water heater, cooled, and then returned to the inlet 22 for reflux. The heat medium 25 introduced from the inlet 22 exchanges heat while rising (floating) in the heat storage material 24 as small droplets, and the heat storage material 24 is cooled. As a result, the molten inorganic hydrated salt precipitates, and the corresponding latent heat of melting is imparted to the heating medium 25. As is clear from the above explanation, in the heat storage material 24, as the temperature of the heat storage material 24 changes, the ratio of the amounts of the inorganic hydrated salt crystals contained therein to the saturated aqueous solution that is the melt thereof changes greatly. . However, to prevent the entire heat storage material from solidifying during the heat storage/release operation,
It contains water in an amount greater than the stoichiometric ratio of the inorganic hydrated salt, and is prepared so that an appropriate amount of saturated aqueous solution coexists with the inorganic hydrated salt crystals even at temperatures below the melting point of the hydrated salt, making it a heat transfer medium. This does not impede direct contact between the two by dispersing them as small droplets in the heat storage body. Next, the guide plate 27 will be explained. This guide plate 27 is for suppressing the rapid rise and separation of the heat medium 25 in the heat storage material 24 and for maintaining sufficient contact time between the two to improve heat exchange performance. , b shows an example of its structure. The guide plate 27 shown in the figure has a group of small holes 33 on one side of its flat plate portion 32 through which the heat medium flows out and floats in the form of small droplets, and around which the heat medium flow (arrow) is guided in an appropriate direction. At the same time, it has an edge plate 34 that supports the hydrated salt crystals 35 deposited on the flat plate part 32 so that they do not slip off. The flat plate part 32 is joined to the edge plate 34 so that the side having the small holes 33 is higher and is inclined at an angle of 5 to 7 degrees with respect to the horizontal, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3b. , are arranged in the heat storage container 21 so that the sides having the small hole groups 33 are alternately located on the left and right sides. If such a guide plate 27 is not arranged,
During the heat dissipation process of the heat storage device, when inorganic hydrated salt is precipitated from the melt, the hydrated salt crystals settle to the bottom of the container due to the difference in specific gravity. It becomes difficult for the heat medium to flow through the tube, and uneven flow may occur, resulting in poor heat exchange. However, when the guide plate is installed, the hydrated salt crystals generated in the heat storage material are dispersed and supported, and all of them are not deposited on the bottom of the vessel, thereby improving heat exchange performance. The preferred distance between the guide plates is 5 to 10 cm. Next, the seed crystal generator 31 will be explained. This seed crystal generator 31 is placed in a tubular container.
The same type of inorganic hydrated salt as the heat storage material is filled, and one end thereof is opened inside the heat storage container 21 in contact with the heat storage material 24, and the other end penetrates the heat insulating material layer 26 and is drawn out to the outside, and is sealed. It has been stopped. If the temperature of the heat storage material is raised sufficiently and the inorganic hydrated salt in the heat storage material is completely melted, the next time you try to dissipate heat, slight supercooling will be observed due to the lack of crystal nuclei. Sometimes. The hydrated salt in the seed crystal generator 31 is not heated, especially in the portion pulled out to the outside, so it can remain as a crystal without melting. Therefore, the crystals act as seed crystals during heat dissipation, and smooth solidification with little overcooling can proceed. [Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the detailed description above, the heat storage device of the present invention uses a direct contact heat exchange method, which requires a large amount of expense in conventional devices. Eliminates the need for capsules and heat exchange tubes,
The heat storage device can be configured at an extremely low cost, and it greatly contributes to the effective use of thermal energy. Further, in the present invention, since a seed crystal generator is provided, the crystals in the generator can act as seed crystals, allowing smooth solidification to proceed without overcooling. Furthermore, due to the direct contact heat exchange method, the heat storage material and its melt are well stirred and flowed by the heat medium, so the seed crystals are widely dispersed by the heat storage material itself and are secondary to the entire heat storage material. Since nuclei are generated, the cost of the heat storage device can also be reduced. Examples of implementations of the present invention are shown below. A cylindrical heat storage device with the structure shown in Figure 2 and a heat storage container diameter of 30 cm and height of 80 cm was fabricated.
Heat storage material (water content: 43% by weight, remainder being sodium acetate hydrate) is poured into this until the height from the bottom reaches 65cm, and silicone oil is poured into the top of the heat storage material until the thickness reaches 7cm, which acts as a heat medium. did. Ten information boards with the shapes shown in Figure 3 a and b were installed. The temperature of the entire heat storage device was raised uniformly to 65°C in advance to completely melt the inorganic hydrated salt in the heat storage material. Next, the silicone oil was pumped out using an electric pump and cooled by a water flow heat exchanger on the way to the inlet 22 to maintain the inlet temperature at 24°C. Calculate the amount of thermal energy transferred from the heat storage material to the heat medium from the temperature difference, flow velocity, and specific heat at the outlet and inlet of the silicone oil, and calculate the heat content Q of the heat storage material and the average temperature T.
The relationship is shown in Figure 4. Curve C 3 corresponds to the heat storage material, and curve C 4 corresponds to the same volume of water as the heat storage material measured for comparison. The apparent melting point of the heat storage material was approximately 57°C. 10℃ above and below this temperature (27 degrees in total)
Comparing the temperature range (°C), the heat content of the heat storage material is approximately 4.1 times that of water. When the seed crystal generator was removed and tested, subcooling of about 8°C from the above-mentioned apparent melting point was observed.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図ａ，ｂは従来の潜熱型蓄熱器の断面図、
第２図は本発明の直接熱交換形式の蓄熱器の断面
図、第３図ａ，ｂは案内板の平面図及び断面図、
第４図は試験結果を示す線図である。 ２１……蓄熱容器、２２……入口、２３……出
口、２４……蓄熱材、２５……熱媒体、２５′…
…熱媒体貯留空間。 Figures 1a and 1b are cross-sectional views of a conventional latent heat type heat storage device.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a direct heat exchange type heat storage device of the present invention, FIGS. 3a and 3b are a plan view and a sectional view of a guide plate,
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the test results. 21... Heat storage container, 22... Inlet, 23... Outlet, 24... Heat storage material, 25... Heat medium, 25'...
...heat medium storage space.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] １ 蓄熱材と混合しない熱媒体液を小滴として、
蓄熱材と直接接触させ、熱交換を行わしめる方式
の潜熱型蓄熱器であつて、蓄熱材が無機水和塩と
その飽和水溶液からなり、上記蓄熱器に、その内
部の蓄熱材が満たされている位置に開口し、他端
が封止された管の内部に蓄熱材となる無機水和塩
を充填し、かつその封止端が蓄熱器の断熱材層の
外側まで引出された構造の種子結晶発生器を配設
し、上記熱媒体の流動による蓄熱材の撹拌を結晶
核の分散手段としたことを特徴とする直接熱交換
方式の潜熱型蓄熱器。1 Heat transfer liquid that does not mix with the heat storage material is made into small droplets,
It is a latent heat type heat storage device that is brought into direct contact with a heat storage material to perform heat exchange, and the heat storage material is made of an inorganic hydrated salt and its saturated aqueous solution, and the heat storage material is filled with the heat storage material inside. A seed with a structure in which an inorganic hydrated salt serving as a heat storage material is filled inside a tube that is opened at one position and the other end is sealed, and the sealed end is pulled out to the outside of the heat insulating material layer of the heat storage device. A latent heat type heat storage device of a direct heat exchange type, characterized in that a crystal generator is disposed, and stirring of the heat storage material by the flow of the heat medium is used as a means for dispersing crystal nuclei.
JP60097615A 1985-05-07 1985-05-07 Latent heat type heat accumulator of direct heat exchange system Granted JPS60259890A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60097615A JPS60259890A (en) 1985-05-07 1985-05-07 Latent heat type heat accumulator of direct heat exchange system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP60097615A JPS60259890A (en) 1985-05-07 1985-05-07 Latent heat type heat accumulator of direct heat exchange system

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP56202700A Division JPS6040799B2 (en) 1981-12-15 1981-12-15 Direct heat exchange type latent heat storage device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60259890A JPS60259890A (en) 1985-12-21
JPH0311399B2 true JPH0311399B2 (en) 1991-02-15

Family

ID=14197108

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP60097615A Granted JPS60259890A (en) 1985-05-07 1985-05-07 Latent heat type heat accumulator of direct heat exchange system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60259890A (en)

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JP2013001211A (en) * 2011-06-15 2013-01-07 Toyota Boshoku Corp Heating device of vehicle seat
CN111154457B (en) * 2018-11-08 2021-07-09 江苏集萃分子工程研究院有限公司 A kind of inorganic composite phase change energy storage material and preparation method thereof
CN112284167B (en) * 2019-07-24 2022-07-29 北京百年水木企业运营管理中心 Phase-change energy storage material and preparation method thereof
US20260092746A1 (en) * 2022-09-27 2026-04-02 Hokkaido Electric Power Company, Incorporated Carnot battery and energy storage system

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