JPH03136701A - Vibrating type cutting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance the efficiency and accuracy of cutting with a simple structure by fixing a chip to the front end of a holder on a head which is oscillatably attached to the front end of a shank so that the holder is self-excited by slight vibration of the knife-edge of the chip in order to greatly increase the amplitude of the chip. CONSTITUTION:After bolts 8, 10 are loosened so as to rotate a head 4 about the bolt 8, and the knife edge (b) of a chip 22 is set to a desired angle, the bolts 8, 10 are fastened so as to secure a shank 1 and the head 4. When a workpiece 25 is rotated so as to cause the knife-edge (b) to cut into the workpiece 25, a holder 12 is rotated downward about a transverse shaft 14 together with the chip 22. Further, the lower surface of the chip bumps upon the receiving surface of the head 4 so that the lower end of an adjusting screw 15 strikes upon a receiving part by the repulsive force, and accordingly, the chip 22 is again rotated downward while being self-excited so that the knife edge (b) always perform slight vibration during cutting, which is transmitted to the holder 12 that is therefore self-excited in response to variations in load. This vibration is then reversely transmitted to the knife edge (b) so as to effect vibration cutting. When the adjusting screw 15 is rotated to adjust the gap in order to adjust the amplitude of vibration of the chip 22 so as to set the attaching angle theta of the head 4 to about 30 deg., the finishing cutting is carried out, thereby deep rough cutting with a small attaching angle theta can be made.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] This invention cuts a workpiece while effectively utilizing the automatic vibration of the blade that occurs during cutting, and also makes the mounting angle of the tip holder variable. This invention relates to a vibration cutting device.

[Conventional technology]

Machine tools that use cutters to cut workpieces include lathes, drilling machines, boring machines, milling machines, planing machines, and shaping machines.

In these machine tools, it is known that when cutting is performed while applying appropriate vibration to the cutting tool, excellent effects such as improvement in cutting speed, processing accuracy, and improvement in the durability of the cutting tool can be observed.

As mentioned above, as a vibrating device for vibrating a cutlery, an electromagnetic type or a magnetic type vibrator excited at the frequency of an oscillator is often used, and there are also electromagnetic vibration type and electric ~Hydraulic type, mechanical-hydraulic type, etc. have been proposed.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

Conventional vibrating means for cutlery as described above require complicated electric circuits, large and complicated electric circuits such as hydraulic cylinders, expensive equipment with complicated functions, etc. There's a problem.

The object of this invention is to solve the problems of conventional vibration cutting devices as described above, and to be able to perform vibration cutting with an extremely simple configuration.
Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide a vibration cutting device in which rough cutting and finishing cutting can be performed freely by changing the mounting angle of the tip holder.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a mounting head for attaching a tip holder to the tip of a shank so as to be swingable, and a fixing means for fixing the head at an arbitrary angle. A vibration cutting device is provided in which a self-excited vibration type tip holder is attached to the head, and a tip is fixed to the tip of the holder.

Furthermore, the self-excited vibration type tip holder is attached to the head so as to be able to swing freely, a gap is provided between the tip holder receiving surface of the head and the bottom surface of the tip holder, and an adjustment screw is provided to adjust this gap. We also provide equipment.

[Operation] Since the present invention has the above-described configuration, after setting the mounting angle of the head to a desired angle and fixing the head to the shank by the fixing means, it is necessary to decide whether to rotate or fix the workpiece.
Alternatively, start cutting the workpiece by moving the tip in a straight line and cutting into the surface of the workpiece, or by cutting the tip against the surface of a stationary workpiece and moving or rotating the tip. do.

In the above cutting action, minute vibrations are generated at the cutting edge of the tip, and these minute vibrations are transmitted to the tip holder.

For this reason, both the tip and the holder vibrate minutely and the vibration is promoted, so the amplitude of the tip increases, and this vibration is transmitted back to the tip, improving cutting performance.

Further, in the case where the tip of the tip collides with the tip holder when the tip holder vibrates, the vibration of the tip during cutting is further aggravated by the collision. In addition, when performing rough cutting, efficient cutting can be achieved by fixing the head so that the cutting edge of the tip is perpendicular to the cutting direction and cutting the cutting edge deeply into the workpiece.

Furthermore, in the case of finish cutting, highly accurate cutting can be achieved by fixing the head so that the cutting edge of the tip is oriented diagonally to the cutting direction and cutting with a shallow depth of cut.

〔Example〕

In the embodiment shown in the drawings, 1 is a shank (not shown) fixed to the tool post of a lathe, and there are recesses 2 at the top and bottom of the front part of the shank.
．． 3 from the front end, and the tip holder mounting head 4 is mounted in this recess 2.3.

As shown in FIG.
7 is integrally provided, the protrusion 6.7 is fitted above and below the recess 2.3 of the shank 1, and the bolt 8 inserted into the vertical hole of the upper protrusion 6 is inserted into the vertical hole of the shank 1. By screwing the lower end of the bolt 8 into the screw hole of the protrusion 7, the head 4 can swing freely around the bolt 8.

An arcuate elongated hole 9 concentric with the center of the bolt 8 is provided in the rul portion of the upper and lower recesses 2.3 of the shank 1.

10 is a tightening bolt as a fixing means, and this bolt 10
is passed through the long hole 9 from the vertical hole provided in the protrusion 6, and screwed into the screw hole provided in the protrusion 7 below.

12 is a chip holder, which has a recess 13 on the top surface of the head 4;
It is fitted into the head 4 and is swingably attached to the head 4 by means of the horizontal shaft 14.

At the rear of the horizontal shaft 14, a gap adjusting screw 15 is screwed into a vertical screw hole provided in the holder 12, and its lower end is brought into contact with a higher receiving part 16 at the rear of the recess 13 of the head.

A gap a is provided between the lower front surface 17 of the holder 12 and the lower receiving surface 18 of the front part of the recess 13, and this gap a is adjusted by the adjustment screw 15.

Reference numeral 20 in FIG. 4 denotes a recessed hole provided in the receiving surface 18. A spring 21 is fitted into this recessed hole so that its upper end projects above the receiving surface 18 and comes into contact with the lower surface of the holder 12.

In the embodiment, a plurality of disc springs are stacked as the spring 21, but a coil spring may also be used.

22 is a throw-away tip fixed to the lower mounting surface 23 of the tip holder 12 with a clamp bolt 24, but it does not necessarily have to be a throw-away tip.

Next, to explain the operation of the above embodiment, first, loosen the bolts 8 and 10, turn the head 4 around the bolt 8, set the cutting edge of the tip 22 at a desired angle, and then loosen the bolts 8 and 10.
10 to fix the shank 1 and head 4 together.

Next, when the workpiece 25 is rotated in the direction of the arrow in FIG.
4 is rotated downward in Figure 3.

When the holder 12 is turned downward as described above, its lower surface collides with the receiving surface 18 of the head 4, and the holder 12 is rotated upward due to the repulsive force, and the lower end of the adjustment screw 15 is rotated into the receiving part 16.
, and the tip 22 rotates downward again.

Further, during cutting, the cutting edge always vibrates minutely, so this minute vibration is transmitted to the holder 12, which automatically vibrates in response to changes in load. This vibration is transmitted back to the cutting edge to perform vibration cutting.

In this embodiment, the width of the tip 22 is adjusted by turning the adjustment screw 15 to adjust the gap a to iP].

When the tip 22 rotates downward together with the tip holder 12 as described above, the lower surface 17 collides with the receiving surface 18 without compressing the spring 21, thereby promoting vibration of the tip 22.

As shown in Fig. 2, the mounting angle θ of the head 4 is set to about 30°,
When the angle θ1 of the cross-cutting edge C of the tip 22 is approximately 20°, the depth of cut into the workpiece 25 becomes shallow and finish cutting can be performed.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 5, the mounting angle θ of the head 4 is made smaller than that shown in Fig. 2, so that the cross-cutting blade C is perpendicular to the rotational axis of the workpiece 25, and the depth of cut into the workpiece 25 is deepened, making rough cutting more efficient. I can do it.

Therefore, if you perform rough cutting in the state shown in Figure A and then finish cutting in the state shown in Figure 2, you can perform rough and finish machining continuously with the shank attached to the tool rest, and it is easy to perform both machining. Can be used for different purposes.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the energy required for cutting, with the vertical axis representing cutting energy and the horizontal axis representing time.

In this graph, ■ indicates a cutting method that does not vibrate the cutting tool, which has been conventionally used, and ■ indicates a forced vibration in which the cutting tool is forcibly vibrated using various known vibration generators.
(2) shows the case of self-excited vibration using the embodiment of the present invention.

As can be seen from this graph, the device of this invention requires the least amount of effort and energy.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, the present invention attaches the tip holder mounting head to the tip of the shank so as to be able to swing freely, and also provides a fixing means for fixing this head at an arbitrary angle. By attaching a vibrating tip holder and fixing the tip to the tip of the holder, the tip holder receives minute vibrations from the cutting edge of the tip, causing the tip holder to vibrate and generate self-supporting vibrations in response to load fluctuations. When the cutting edge of the insert is cutting into the workpiece and cutting is being performed, the amplitude of the vibration of the insert increases due to the vibration capturing effect of the tip holder, and the vibration of the cutting edge of the insert is effectively used to increase the cutting speed. It can be done quickly, and by changing the mounting angle of the tip holder, you can change the angle of the side edge of the tip and the depth of cut, allowing you to freely perform rough cutting and finish cutting.

In addition, the above-mentioned self-excited vibration type chip boulder is attached to the head so as to be swingable, a gap is provided between the tip holder receiving surface of the head and the bottom surface of the tip holder, and an adjustment screw is provided to adjust this gap. Since the amplitude of the cutting edge can be changed by adjusting the gap using the adjustment screw, it is possible to select the optimum amplitude for the cutting conditions and the material of the workpiece.

As a result, the chips generated by cutting are shredded or cut into appropriate lengths, making it easier to dispose of the chips.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of the invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same as above, Fig. 3 is a side view of the same, and Fig. 4 is Fig. 2 IV.
- An enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view of the TV line, FIG. 5 is a plan view when the angle of the tip holder is changed, and No. 6 UA is a graph comparing cutting energy. 1...Shank, 4...Mounting head, 8...Bolt, 9...
...... arc-shaped long hole, 10... tightening bolt,
12... Chip holder, 14...
Horizontal axis, 15...adjustment screw, 17...
...Bottom surface, 18...Receiving surface, 2
1...Spring, 22...Throwaway tip, 25...
...Workpiece, a...Gap, b...
...Blade tip, C...Cross edge.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) Attach the tip holder attachment head to the tip of the shank so that it can swing freely, provide a fixing means to fix this head at any angle, attach a self-excited vibration type tip holder to this head, and attach the tip holder to the tip of the shank. A vibration cutting device with a tip fixed at the tip. (2) A claim in which the self-excited vibration type tip holder is swingably attached to the head, a gap is provided between the tip holder receiving surface of the head and the lower surface of the tip holder, and an adjustment screw is provided to adjust this gap. The vibration cutting device according to item (1).