JPH03172B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a machine for manufacturing or processing the teeth of a straight or helical gear by means of a toothed tool having a hyperboloid, globoid or similar shape. In some cases, the toothed tool has a ground surface or a similar tooth surface, and is engaged with the workpiece from one tooth end surface to the other tooth end surface, and the axes of the workpiece and the tool intersect, and the tool and the workpiece are connected to a guiding gear, which guiding gear has the same transmission ratio as the workpiece-tool pair, and the workpiece. The tool pair is of the type in which the tool pair is adapted to be rolled relative to each other in such a way that only the right or left flank of the tool tooth in each case comes into contact with the workpiece tooth during a machining procedure.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A machine of the above-mentioned type is known from DE 33 04 980 A1.
With such a machine, hardened gear wheels or gear wheels made of hard materials can be processed quickly, in which case a high surface quality and gear quality can be guaranteed.

The term "grinding surface" above means the cutting tooth surface of a tool that does not have cutting edges or the like. In short, all tools with particulate working surfaces, e.g. stones, as well as tools for electrolytically or electroerosively or electrochemically cutting materials belong to this category (e.g. shaving cutters). does not belong). The machine of the present invention is
This is a grinding machine that processes in such a way that out of all the tool teeth, only one gear is in contact with the facing surface of the workpiece teeth each time during processing. There is a backlash on the other tooth surface that does not have this problem. During machining operation,
The tooth surface to be machined can be replaced.
The guide gears can mesh without play. However, it is advantageous if the guide gears can also mesh with backlash, for example if the tools are brought closer together by changing the shaft spacing. Furthermore, the workpiece-tool pair can mesh with the tooth surface on a side different from the one in contact with the tooth surface. However, if both the workpiece-tool pair and the guide gear pair are meshed with backlash, the transmission as a whole will have no play. The machines of the prior art actually machine the flanks of the workpiece teeth without vertical sliding of the tool relative to the workpiece. In addition to gears, friction wheels or friction discs or the like can also be used as guide gears, the manufacture of which is relatively simple. In any case, you only need to take care that these have the correct transmission ratio.

In the case of known machines, the axes for the workpiece-tool pair and the guide gear pair are crossed at intervals. It has only one so-called axial intersection point or only one common vertical line. Although the defined position for the axis intersection is not specified, i.e. it can be located inside the tooth thickness of the workpiece or the guide gear, or it can be located outside the gear, for example between the workpiece-tool pair mentioned above and the guide gear. However, the configuration of the machine is limited by such a common axis point. Moreover, the tools and/or guide gears become extremely complex. For example, if the axis intersection is located inside the workpiece-tool pair, the tool is relatively simple, but the guide gear is considerably more complex. This is because the guide gear must be a combination of gears for intersecting axes and bevel gears.

Problem to be solved by the invention The present invention can easily switch directions,
and to construct a machine in which the tool and/or the guide gear are of simple construction.

Measures taken to solve the problem The measures taken to solve the above-mentioned problem are such that there is in each case a separate axis intersection for the workpiece-tool pair and the guide gear pair of the guide gear. be.

Embodiment According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, an exchange gear transmission is provided between the workpiece/tool pair and the guide gear pair.

It has a separate axis intersection and the workpiece
In order to be able to easily access the tool pair, the guide gear pair, and the replacement gear pair from the operating side, the workpiece and the gear connected to the workpiece of the guide gear are arranged so that their axes are parallel to each other. the shafts are connected to each other via a main gear, and the tool and the gear of the guide gear connected to the tool are also respectively arranged on shafts parallel to each other. These shafts are connected to each other via exchange gears. Furthermore, it is further simplified by the fact that the main gear is irreplaceably attached to the machine.

Furthermore, the use of easily manufactured cylindrical screw gears as gears of the guide gear pair simplifies production, which reduces costs.

Embodiment A workpiece 2, that is, a workpiece gear to be machined, is fixed to a workpiece spindle 1 so as to be replaceable. Fixation devices are well known and therefore will not be described here. The workpiece is machined by a tool 603, which is replaceably connected to a tool spindle 604.
is fixed. The axes of the workpiece and the tool, or both axes of the respective spindles, intersect at intervals. The intersecting axes have a common vertical line located perpendicular to both axes, and the vertical line is actually designated as the axis intersection point. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the axis intersection 605 is located on the inside of the gear, but is not limited thereto and can also be located on the outside of the gear. The tool engages the workpiece in a hyperboloid, globoid or similar shape. The gears of the tool contact the teeth of the workpiece only on one side, and there is a backlash on the back side. This machine uses the brunge cut method to
In short, the flanks of the workpiece teeth are machined, eg, cut, without longitudinal sliding of the tool relative to the workpiece, ie the teeth of the tool are at least as wide as the teeth of the workpiece. The teeth of the tool have a grinding surface at least on the tooth surface to be machined.

A first guide gear 606 is attached to the work spindle 1.
is attached, and this guide gear meshes with the second guide gear 607. A second guide gear is attached to drive shaft 608. The axes of both guide gears intersect at a distance, thus forming a second axial intersection 609. Both gear pairs 2,6
03 or 606, 607 each have a separate axis intersection. The drive shaft 608 itself is connected to a motor 610, which can be switched in both directions of rotation. A replacement gear 611 meshing with an intermediate gear 612 is replaceably mounted on the free end of the drive shaft. The intermediate gear 612 meshes with a second exchange gear 613 which is exchangeably mounted on the free end of the tool spindle. In the case of such a device, the transmission ratio of the guide gear pair 606, 607 does not correspond to the transmission ratio of the workpiece-tool pair. It is only important that the transmission ratio of the entire transmission, which is formed from the guide gear and the replacement gear, corresponds to the transmission ratio of the workpiece-tool pair. In other words, other work-
When machining by replacing the workpiece-tool pair, it is sufficient to leave the guide gear pair in the same state and simply replace the replacement gears 611, 613 and intermediate gear 612. Of course, the premise is that the axis intersection angle remains the same.

At the free end of the work spindle 1 there is a brake 6
14 are provided. A switchable clutch 615 is attached to the tool spindle 604.

The tooth flank to be machined is changed by switching the direction of rotation of the motor 610, appropriate switching of the clutch 615 and actuation of the brake 614. In this machine, the tool spindle 604 and the drive shaft 608 are
It is mounted on a frame (not shown) so that the axis crossing angle with respect to the workpiece spindle 1 can be selected.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3, a workpiece 521 is machined by a tool 522. In the embodiment according to FIGS. The tool is constructed as shown in the embodiment of FIG. The workpiece is replaceably mounted on a workpiece spindle 523, and the tool 522 is replaceably mounted on a tool spindle 524.
A motor 52 is mounted at the free end of the tool spindle 524.
5 is provided. A guide gear 526 that meshes with a second guide gear 527 is replaceably mounted on the free end of the workpiece spindle 523 .
On one side, the axis of the workpiece and the axis of the tool intersect at a distance, and on the other side, the two guide gears intersect at a distance. A transmission device consisting of a workpiece and a tool has its own axis intersection point (common vertical line) 537
, and the transmission consisting of both guide gears has a separate shaft intersection 538 . Second
A guide gear 527 is replaceably mounted on the shaft 528. Both transmissions 521, 522 or 526, 527 have the same transmission ratio.

Tool spindle 524 and shaft 528 are connected to each other by a belt transmission 529, which acts as an adjusting transmission. The belt transmission generally consists of a toothed disc 5 mounted on a shaft 528.
30 and a second toothed disc 531 mounted on the tool spindle 524, both toothed discs being wrapped around a toothed belt 532. A tensioning curved member 533 is arranged between the two toothed discs so as to mesh around the toothed belt. The tensioning armature is mounted so as to be movable at right angles to the axis of the toothed discs 530, 531, and for this purpose it can be driven by a motor 534. There are two rollers 5 on the tensioning curved member.
35, 526 are supported, each of these rollers bearing against the outside of the toothed belt and deflecting it depending on the position of the tensioning curve. By changing the operative tensioning roller, i.e. by changing the deflected section of the gear belt, an additional rotation is imparted to the shafts 524, 528, which rotation causes one of the teeth of the tool to One side or the other side is selectively brought into contact with the teeth of the workpiece.

Such machines can be used both for producing interlocking workpieces and for machining interlocking tools when suitably constructed.

In the fourth embodiment, a workpiece 620, which is a gear to be machined, is exchangeably fixed to a workpiece spindle 622. A workpiece 620 is machined by a tool 621 that is replaceably fixed to a tool spindle 623. The axis of the workpiece and the axis of the tool or both axes of the spindle intersect at a distance. The intersecting axes are
It has a common vertical line located perpendicular to both axes. The point where the workpiece and the tool engage is a so-called pitch point 624. The tool 621 is the tool 60 described above.
It corresponds to the shape and mode of action of 3.

The first main gear 625 is attached to the work spindle 622.
is attached, and this main gear meshes with the second main gear 626 without play. Second main gear 62
6 further includes a shaft 62 that exchangeably receives a first guide gear 628 meshing with a second guide gear 629;
It is attached to 7. This guide gear is also replaceably mounted on shaft 630. The axes of both guide gears 628, 629 intersect at a distance and have a common vertical line forming an axial intersection 631. Both guide gears 628, 629
The teeth are in contact only on one side, so there is a bump on the back.

The overall play-free operation of the workpiece-tool-guiding transmission device ensures that the tool 621 and the second
The guide gears 629 are further connected to each other via exchange gears 632, 633 which mesh with each other without play. In this case, exchange gear 633 is attached to tool spindle 623 and exchange gear 632 is attached to shaft 630. One of the guide gears 628, 629 can engage the other in a hyperboloid, globoid or similar shape similar to a tool configuration. However, such a machine has a guide gear 62 as shown in the figure.
The structure is simple if 8,629 is formed as a cylindrical screw gear. Of course, such a configuration is also possible in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2.

A work spindle 622 is connected to a motor 638, which motor can switch the work spindle in both directions of rotation. A brake 634 is provided on the tool spindle 623 and a switchable clutch 635 is provided on the shaft 627. The tooth surface to be machined is
38 by appropriate switching of the rotation direction switching clutch 635 and operation of the brake 634. In this machine, the tool spindle 623 and shaft 630 are replaced by the work spindle 622 and shaft 62.
It is supported on a frame (not shown) so that the axis crossing angle with respect to 7 can be selected.

The two main gears 625, 626 or the workpiece spindle 622 and the shaft 627 are preferably non-replaceably mounted on a frame (not shown), so that only the replacement gears have to be replaced depending on the machining situation. In this case, the main gears 625, 626 and the replacement gears 632, 633 are housed in their own casing 636.
or is protected against the harmful effects of tool wear or chips by other suitable elements, such as injection molding protection element 637.

In the drawings, the main gears 625, 626 and the replacement gears 632, 633 are each shown to have the same size, which means that the transmission ratio is 1:1. However, it is not necessary to use such a transmission ratio. It is possible for one gear pair to have a transmission ratio such that it accelerates equally well, and the other gear pair to have a transmission ratio that provides a similar amount of deceleration. Furthermore, the transmission ratio of the guide gear pair 628, 629 is the workpiece-tool pair 62.
It is not necessarily necessary to correspond to a transmission ratio of 0.621. In any case, it is only important that the transmission ratio of the entire transmission formed by the main gear, the guide gear and the replacement gear corresponds to the transmission ratio of the workpiece-tool pair. In short, when another workpiece is machined, that is, when the workpiece-tool pair is replaced, it is sufficient to leave the guide gear pair as is and simply replace the replacement gear. Of course, this assumes that the axis intersection angle remains the same. Since the axial spacing between the tool spindle 623 and the shaft 630 is also changed depending on the axis intersection angle, it is also necessary to use a separate exchange gear for each axis intersection angle when the exchange gear has a transmission ratio of 1:1. must be established.

Such a machine is also suitable for producing or processing workpieces with internal teeth in an embodiment slightly modified with respect to the embodiment of FIG. In this case, in order to adapt the direction of rotation of the tool 621 to the direction of rotation of the workpiece with the inside, three replacement gears are required instead of the two shown. Three replacement gears are also required when machining is performed using a tool with internal teeth instead of the tool with external teeth as shown.

Effects of the Invention Since the guide gear has its own shaft exchange point that is independent of the workpiece-tool pair, the teeth of the guide gear can be manufactured independently of the shape of the teeth of the tool.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a machine according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment with an adjusting gear, and FIG. 3 shows the adjusting gear according to FIG. 2 in detail. The sectional view shown in FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a third embodiment. 1... Work spindle, 2... Tool, 521
... Work, 522 ... Tool, 523 ... Work spindle, 524 ... Tool spindle, 525
... Motor, 526, 527 ... Guide gear, 52
8...Shaft, 529...Belt transmission device, 530,
531...Toothed disc, 532...Toothed belt, 5
33...Tensioning curved member, 534...Motor, 53
5,536...roller, 537,538...axis intersection, 603...tool, 604...tool spindle, 605...axis intersection, 606...first guide gear, 607...second guide gear, 608... Drive shaft, 609... Axis intersection, 610... Motor,
611...First replacement gear, 612...Intermediate gear, 613...Second replacement gear, 614...Brake, 615...Clutch, 620...Workpiece,
621...Tool, 623...Tool spindle, 6
24...Pitch point, 625,626...Main gear,
627... shaft, 628... first guide gear, 62
9...Second guide gear, 630...Shaft, 631...
...Axis intersection, 632,633...Replacement gear, 63
4...Brake, 635...Clutch, 636...
...Casing, 637...Injection molded protection member, 6
38...Motor.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A machine for manufacturing or processing teeth of a straight gear or a helical gear using a toothed tool having a hyperboloid, globoid or similar shape, the toothed tool having a grinding surface. or have similar tooth surfaces and are engaged from one tooth end surface of the workpiece to the other tooth end surface, the workpiece and the tool are intersecting axes, and the tool and the workpiece are integrated into one guiding transmission device. The guide transmission has the same transmission ratio as the workpiece-tool pair, and the workpiece-tool pair is such that during one machining step, only the right or left tooth flank of the tool tooth, respectively, is connected to the workpiece. Work-tool pair 2,603,52 in a type adapted to be rolled against each other in contact with the teeth.
1,522,620,621 and guide gear pairs 606,607,526,527,6 of the guide transmission
one separate axis intersection 605, 609, 537, 538, 62 for 28, 629, respectively
4,631 A machine for manufacturing or processing gears. 2 Work-tool pair 2,603 and guide gear pair 60
Replacement gear transmission device 611,6 between 6,607
12,613. The machine of claim 1, wherein: 12,613 is provided. 3. A workpiece 620 and a gear 628 connected to the workpiece of the guide transmission are arranged on mutually parallel shafts 622 and 627, respectively, and these shafts are coupled to each other via main gears 625 and 626. Furthermore, the tool 621 and the gear 629 of the guiding gear connected to the tool are respectively arranged on axes 623, 630, which are also parallel to each other, and these axes are connected to the exchange gears 632, 6.
2. A machine according to claim 1, wherein the machines are connected to each other via 33. 4. The machine according to claim 3, wherein the main gears 625, 626 are irreplaceably attached to the machine. 5 Guide gear pair gears 606, 607, 526,
5. The machine according to claim 1, wherein cylindrical screw gears are used as 527, 628, 629.