JPH03188943A - Treatment of grain and warehouse installation - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To uniform moisture of grain in a storage bin and to assure quality of grain by regulating the temp. and the humidity of the air around the storage bin with a dehumidification dryer which is utilized for middle drying and finish drying in a treatment equipment. CONSTITUTION:Grain is dried in a dehumidification dryer 11 via an elevator conveyor 10 from a receiving part 1 for goods and the whole amount is stored in a bin 13. On the other hand, the air whose humidity is controlled in the dehumidification dryer 11 is sent to an air controller 17 by a fan 18. An air duct 23 is branched from an air duct 24 connected to the air controller 17 and this is sent to the bin 13. Therefore grin which is received in the receiving part 1 for goods and has e.g. 24% moisture is intermediately dried to 22-17% moisture in the dehumidification dryer 11 and stored in the bin 13. Grain is uniformly dried to the described moisture by dehumidification drying. Further the humidity and the temp. of the air around the bin are regulated and therefore the need for providing a warehouse of low temp. is eliminated and grain is preserved for a long period.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Application Field) The present invention provides a grain processing and warehouse system in which harvested grains are subjected to intermediate drying or final drying, and then bins are used as warehouses, and the grains are hulled and shipped according to demand. It is related to equipment.

(Prior Art) +11 Background of the technology The following will explain using harvested rice as an example. Currently, due to the issue of international liberalization of agricultural products, there are instructions to reduce the cost of harvested rice processing facilities. In order to comply with the guidance from this country, it is urgently necessary to reduce the construction costs of harvested rice processing facilities.
We must foster international competitiveness by reducing the unit cost of farmers' use of facilities.

On the other hand, as a requirement to foster the international competitiveness of farmers, harvested rice processing facilities must guarantee the quality of rice during the processing of harvested rice, that is, the storage, drying, and hulling processes. Must be.

Rice quality refers to mold, taste, cracking of the harvested rice during storage, cracking of the skin of brown rice during hulling, etc.

For example, if cracking occurs, the ratio of brown rice to harvested rice, the so-called milling yield, decreases, resulting in a decrease in sales volume, which increases the unit cost of using the facility, and if there is a lot of cracking, the grade decreases. , the selling price will be lower, and as a result, the unit price of the facility will be higher.

Also, mold and bad taste cause a decline in market competitiveness.

As described above, processing facilities for harvested rice are required to satisfy both the reduction of construction costs and the quality of rice.

The inventor has already filed a patent application for a method for processing harvested rice in terms of rice quality (Patent Application No. 14983, 1989).
No. 6).

To give a general explanation of this, mold and taste of harvested rice are affected by the moisture content of harvested rice, shell cracking is influenced by drying speed and drying method, and deflation rate is affected by moisture content of harvested rice and drying method. Because of this, an intermediate drying method is adopted to solve these problems.

This is hereinafter referred to as the intermediate drying method.

Next, there are two types of drying means: thermal drying and dehumidifying drying, and the drying principles are different.

First, the principle of thermal drying is to use hot air to raise the temperature of harvested rice and evaporate water to dry it, which has the advantage of being able to dry in a short time.

However, when harvested rice is dried using this thermal drying method, the harvested rice is uniformly overheated, so the moisture in paddy with low moisture and the paddy with high moisture evaporate uniformly, and the moisture in paddy with low moisture evaporates. There is a high possibility that it will become over-dry and cause the body to crack (,
Also, since the paddy is stirred during drying, the sludge falls off, which affects the dehulling rate, and when it is stored in a bin, water moves from the paddy with a high moisture content to the paddy with a low moisture content, which is called a natural equilibrium state of moisture. It has the disadvantage that the overall moisture content fluctuates and does not reach the specified level.

On the other hand, the principle of dehumidifying and drying is to use the latent heat of air close to room temperature to absorb and remove moisture, that is, to generate low-humidity air, which is then blown onto the harvested rice. This method absorbs and removes moisture, and the time required to remove moisture is longer than that of thermal drying.

However, when harvested rice is dried using this dehumidification drying method, low humidity air is used, so a lot of moisture evaporates from paddy with a high moisture content, and a small amount of moisture evaporates from paddy with a low moisture content. The moisture becomes even throughout the rice. Therefore, there is no over-drying of the paddy, there is no chance of cracking, and the overall moisture content of the harvested rice is guaranteed. Also, during drying, there is no agitation, so there is no sludge falling off, and there is no effect on the deflation rate.

The moisture content of harvested rice varies depending on the time of harvest, the weather, and variations in flowering and ripening among rice and rice varieties. Therefore, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has set a moisture content of 24% for harvested rice processing.

(2) Conventional technology As shown in Fig. 5, the conventional harvested rice processing equipment receives harvested rice that has been harvested and threshed into a hopper 1, and then heats the harvested rice in a thermal drying device 2 to reduce the moisture content. % to 17% as determined by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and then stored in the storage tank 3. In this way, the harvested rice stored in the storage tank 3 is then finished dried in the thermal drying device 4 to reduce the moisture content from 17% to 16% as specified by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and then dried in the silo 5.
to be stored. Then, depending on the demand, the rice is discharged from the silo 5, hulled by a huller 6, and shipped. Since this conventional finish drying is thermal drying, the moisture content of the harvested rice in the silo 5 fluctuates due to the natural equilibrium movement of moisture, and the moisture content of the harvested rice in the silo 5 does not necessarily change to 16%.
% and cannot be stored in silo 5 for a long period of time. Therefore, when storing for a long time, the brown rice is removed from the silo 5, hulled using a huller 6, and then packed into bags 7 in a separate low-temperature warehouse where the grain temperature can be maintained at 15°C or lower. Cooler and humidifier 8
The products are stored in a low-temperature warehouse 9 where the indoor air can be controlled for a long period of time. And in the distribution process,
This bagging 7 (30, lff-60, 1g, 600kg
Trade is carried out in units of ~1000 kg, and brown rice is turned into white rice and supplied to ordinary households.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In the conventional harvested rice processing and warehousing equipment described above, a thermal dryer was used for the harvested rice processing equipment, which caused the following problems.

In other words, in conventional harvested rice processing facilities, the harvested rice that was harvested on the same day is processed on the same day, thereby reducing the scale of the harvested rice processing facility and reducing the construction cost of the harvested rice processing facility. , and tried to lower the usage price per farmer.

Due to these circumstances, the reality is that for drying grains, it is necessary to use thermal drying, which has a fast drying speed.

Under these circumstances, in order to store harvested rice processed at a harvested rice processing facility for a long period of time, it is necessary to establish a separate low-temperature warehouse that satisfies the conditions stipulated by the government (grain temperature should be stored at 15 degrees Celsius or below). There must be.

Therefore, if the rice is to be stored for a long period of time, it is necessary to remove the harvested rice from the silo 5, hull it with a huller 6, pack the brown rice into bags 7, transport it to a separate low-temperature warehouse, and stack it up. However, the cost required for this work is enormous, and the cost of constructing a warehouse increases.Even if the unit cost of processing facilities for harvested rice is lower, the unit cost of using a warehouse becomes higher, and the unit cost per farmer as a whole increases. There is a problem that the amount is high.

In addition, in conventional low-temperature warehouses, brown rice was packed in bags and stacked, so even if the air temperature and humidity inside the low-temperature warehouse were adjusted, it was difficult to maintain uniform storage conditions even inside the bagged brown rice. However, in order to maintain a certain level of quality and store for a long period of time, it is necessary to repack and reload the bag, and this process requires considerable labor and expense.

In addition, because it was stored as unhulled brown rice, there is a problem that the taste is lower than that of so-called imazuri rice, which is hulled immediately before the hulling depending on demand.

Furthermore, since the rice was packaged in bags, it was not possible to dispense the required amount of rice in small quantities according to demand during the distribution process, and the rice had to be traded in bags. For this reason, the bagged brown rice taken out of the low-temperature warehouse is stored in an uncontrolled atmosphere at the customer's end.
There are problems in terms of taste, milling yield, etc.

The present invention adopts an intermediate drying method, eliminates the need for a low-temperature warehouse, lowers the unit price, and stores harvested rice in a bulk state without hulling to facilitate distribution. To provide grain processing and storage equipment that preserves flavor.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The means according to the present invention for solving the above problems is to dry the harvested and received grains intermediately and store them in bins, and to store the grains in the bins according to the amount demanded. It is characterized in that a grain processing facility for discharging and shipping grain is provided, and a dehumidifying dryer used for intermediate drying or final drying of the processing facility adjusts the humidity of the air around the bin.

(Function) With this structure, harvested and received grains (moisture 24%) are intermediately dried to a moisture content of 22% to 17% and stored in a bottle. Then, it is delivered to the customer while stored in the bin, and the bin is then used as a warehouse. When used as a warehouse, a dehumidifying dryer used for intermediate drying or final drying is used to adjust the temperature and humidity of the air around the bottles, allowing for long-term storage.

Then, depending on demand, the harvested rice is taken out in bulk and hulled.

(Example) An example of the present invention will be described in detail below. In FIG. 1, 1 is a cargo receiving section and an elevator conveyor 10.
It is connected to the dehumidifying dryer 11 via. Reference numeral 13 denotes a bin, and the receiver has a capacity to store all the harvested rice that has been received in part 1. 12 is an elevator conveyor for transferring the harvested rice dried by the dehumidifying dryer 11 to the bin 13. 15 is a finish dehumidifying dryer, 6 is a huller, and 14 and 16 are elevator conveyors. 18 is a blower for sending air whose humidity has been adjusted by the dehumidifying dryer 11 to the air conditioner 17, and 24 is an air duct thereof. Further, this air is sent to the bottle 13 by branching from the air duct 24 to an air tact 23.

Reference numeral 19 indicates a blower for supplying air whose humidity has been adjusted by the finish dehumidifying dryer 15 to the air conditioner 20, and 25 indicates an air duct thereof. 21 is a building for housing these things. 22 is a bottle air supply air tact.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the differences from FIG. 1 are as follows:
The thermal dryer 26 is used for finishing drying, and therefore the air conditioning in the building 21 and the bottle air supply air duct 2 are
Air is supplied to the dryer 2 only by the dehumidifying dryer 11.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the differences from FIG. 1 are as follows:
The thermal dryer 17 is used instead of the dehumidifying dryer 11, and therefore, air conditioning in the building 21 and air supply to the bottle air supply air duct 22 are performed only by the finishing dehumidifying dryer 15. .

1 Next, in the embodiment shown in FIG.
The room is partitioned by a wall, and an air conditioner 20 is installed in this room.

Although this example is applied to FIG. 3, the same can be applied to the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2.

Next, the operation of this embodiment configured as described above will be explained. In Figure 1, the receiving area is moisture 2
The 4% harvested rice is transferred to the dehumidifying dryer 11 by the elevator conveyor IO, where it is intermediately dried to a moisture content of 22% to 17%, and stored in the bin 13 by the elevator conveyor 12.

By performing intermediate drying in the dehumidifying dryer 11 in this manner, the harvested rice is uniformly dried to a predetermined moisture content based on the principle of dehumidifying drying. Therefore, even if stored in the bottle 13 for a long period of time, mold and the like will not occur.

After handing over to the consumer, the bin 13 is used as a warehouse as it is.

In addition, when storing for a considerable period of time, use a dehumidifying dryer 11.
and finishing dehumidifying dryer 15.

2. It is possible to adjust the humidity and temperature of the air inside the building 21 and use it as a low-temperature warehouse.

Furthermore, by supplying air with controlled humidity and temperature into the bin 13 from the bin air supply air duct 22, it is possible to automatically adjust the moisture content of the harvested rice in the bin 13.

Next, in the distribution process, the harvested rice is taken out in the required amount in bulk from the bin 13 according to the demand amount, dried to a moisture content of 16% or less in the finishing dehumidifying dryer 15, and hulled in the huller 6 to be used as fresh rice. Ship.

In FIG. 4, since the bin 13 is located in a room separated by a partition wall 26, the humidity and temperature of the air in this room are efficiently controlled by the air conditioner 20.

Note that FIG. 2 shows the dehumidifying dryer 11, and FIGS. 3 and 4 show the finishing dehumidifying dryer 15, which adjusts the indoor air in the building 21 (around the bin 13) and the bin air duct. Since the operation is the same as that in FIG. 1 except for supplying air with controlled humidity and temperature into the bottle 13 from 22, a description thereof will be omitted.

In the above explanation, the intermediately dried material with a moisture content of 22% to 17% is stored in the bin 13, discharged according to the demand, and finished dried.
3, and the final drying process when dispensing according to demand may be omitted, thereby making shipping work more efficient.

(Effects of the Invention) As detailed above, according to the present invention, the harvested and received grains are subjected to intermediate drying or final drying and stored in the bin, so that the moisture content of the grains in the bin is uniformly maintained at a predetermined level. It is possible to store the grain for a long time without mold and mildew, and the quality of the grain is guaranteed.

In addition, the grains stored in the bins are taken out, hulled, and shipped according to demand, so the taste of the rice is maintained as Izazuri rice, and distribution is smoother because it is in bulk rather than in bags. It has excellent effects.

In addition, since the humidity and temperature of the air around the bins are adjusted using a dehumidifying dryer used for intermediate drying or final drying in the processing equipment, there is no need to set up a special low-temperature warehouse, and instead of using conventional bags. This has the effect of eliminating packing work, transportation work to a warehouse, and warehouse construction costs, and significantly lowers the unit cost of grain processing facilities per farmer.

[Brief Description of the Drawings] Figures 1 to 4 show one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of grain processing and warehousing equipment using a dehumidifier for intermediate drying and final drying; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of grain processing and warehousing equipment that uses a thermal dryer for final drying, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of grain processing and warehousing equipment that uses a thermal dryer for intermediate drying, and Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of grain processing and warehousing equipment that uses a thermal dryer for intermediate drying. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the grain processing and warehousing equipment shown in FIG. 3 in which the bins are surrounded by partition walls. 5 FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a conventional example. 1...Cargo receiving section 6...husker 11...intermediate dehumidifying dryer 13...bin 15...finishing dehumidifying dryer 17...air conditioner

Claims (1)

[Claims] Harvested and received grains are intermediately dried and stored in bins.
Grain processing equipment is provided to take out and ship the grain stored in the bins according to demand, and the temperature of the air around the bins is controlled by a dehumidifying dryer used for intermediate drying or final drying in the processing equipment. grain processing and warehousing equipment characterized by humidity control and humidity control;