JPH03201912A - Blocky yamabushitake - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the subject YAMABUSHITAKE (a kind of mushroom) having a whole shape of pillar, having excellent voluminous touch and texture and not requiring a scraping process therefor by integrally combining the needle- like portions thereof with each other so that the needle-like portions are slightly projected from the upper surface thereof. CONSTITUTION:The objective YAMABUSHITAKE culture artificially e.g. by following processes; charging a medium comprising 10 pts.vol. of saw dust, 1-2 pts.vol. of rice bran and approximately 61wt.% of water in a culturing bottle 18, perforating a hole 20, sterilizing the medium and the bottle, inoculating the spawn 24 of the mushroom in the medium of the neck portion of the bottle, placing the bottle in a dark room, attaching a cylindrical mold 26 having an expanded opening to the upper portion thereof after the generation of the primordia 28 or fruit bodies of the mushroom and subsequently inverting the bottle.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to block-shaped Yamabushitake.

(Conventional technology) Yamafushitake is a delicious edible mushroom belonging to the family Aridaceae, genus Yamabushitake, and grows upside down in autumn on dead trees such as oaks and beech, with a white mass at the base and countless long needles at the tip. He is a mushroom without an attitude.

As an artificial cultivation method of this Yamabushitake, JP-A No. 63-1
There is a method known in Japanese Patent No. 46724.

In this method, a medium containing sawdust, rice bran, etc. as the main ingredients is used, and this medium is filled into a cultivation bottle so that there is a required space below the mouth of the bottle, and the mycelial bundles generated in the same space are collected. It is characterized by ensuring ventilation before reaching the back of the bottle cap, by holding the bottle at an angle so that the fruiting bodies hang down during growth, and by adopting the necessary means for cultivating environmental conditions.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) According to the above cultivation method, in Yamabushitake, which normally grows upside down, the long needle-like parts can be hung in one direction while the cultivation bottle is held tilted, that is, facing upward. It has the advantage of being able to grow in accordance with one of the characteristics of Yamabushitake.

However, with the above method, only the Yamabushitake mushroom that is close to its natural state, that is, has numerous long needles, can be obtained. In this way, mabushitake mushrooms are fine because the base part is in the form of a lump, but the long needles that make up the majority of the part are in pieces, so when you eat it, you only get the texture of the thin fibers broken up. , there is a problem that a sufficient texture with a sense of volume cannot be obtained.

(Summary of the Invention) The present invention has been made in view of the above, and the needle-like portions only slightly remain on the surface, and the needle-like portions are bonded together to form a large block shape. The purpose is to provide block-shaped Yamabushitake mushrooms with excellent texture.

That is, the present invention is characterized in that the needle-like portions of the Yamabushitake mushroom in its natural state are bound and integrated, and the needle-like portions slightly protrude from the upper surface, resulting in a columnar overall shape.

(Embodiments) Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an explanatory diagram of the block-shaped Yamabushitake mushroom according to the present invention.

Block-shaped Yamabushitake IO forms a columnar mass with a diameter of about 10 cm and a thickness of about 3 cm, and weighs about 50 g to 80 g, although it depends on the cultivation conditions and the size of the cultivation container. The color is white or pale yellow.

The upper surface of the block-shaped Yamabushitake mushroom 10 has a length of 3III
It has numerous needle-like parts of about I11. When cut into pieces, the cross section shows a dense structure in which the long needles of the conventional Yamapushitake are bound together, as clearly seen in Figure 1. This needle-shaped part is thick at the lower part, especially the basal rod hypha bundle, and becomes thinner toward the upper part, and the part that cannot be bound to the upper surface protrudes like a needle. The thin needle-like parts at the top appear to be entangled. Therefore, the density is higher in the lower part, lower in the upper part, and protrudes like a needle on the upper surface.

The block-shaped Yamabushitake mushroom 10 according to the present invention has a large block shape as described above, so it can be eaten like a steak using a knife and fork, and it also has good permeability to various seasonings, so it can be seasoned well. can be performed well.

In addition, it has a large volume and a unique texture, and can be eaten deliciously by adding appropriate seasoning, is excellent as a health food, and can also be expected to have medicinal effects such as anticancer effects.

Next, an example of a method for cultivating the block-shaped Yamabushitake mushroom will be explained.

The method for cultivating block-shaped Yamabushitake of the present invention belongs to bottle cultivation among artificial cultivation. The cultivation bottle used is a wide-mouth glass bottle, a plastic bottle, or a plastic bottle (preferably a diameter 6
5mm to 75mm) etc. are used.

The culture medium is prepared by stirring and thoroughly mixing 10 parts of sawdust to 1 to 2 parts of rice bran and an appropriate amount of water (water content: about 61% by weight) in a volume ratio. In addition, nutritional components such as bakasu, soy sauce lees, vitamins, and minerals may be added to these. Also, instead of sawdust and rice bran, you can use brown rice, wheat, corn,
Cereals such as millet and millet can also be used.

After adjusting the medium as described above, this medium 16 is
As shown in the figure, a cultivation bottle 18 is filled, and a hole 20 for inoculation and air circulation is made in the center of the culture medium using a suitable rod-like tool (not shown). The amount of culture medium 16 to be filled into the cultivation bottle 18 is, for example, about 670 g for a cultivation bottle 18 having a diameter of 67 mm and a capacity of 1000 cc.

The culture medium 16 is filled up to the bottom of the neck 22 of the cultivation bottle 18, so that the upper part of the culture medium is packed more tightly than the lower part.

Next, the rim of the cultivation bottle 18 is covered with a cap (not shown), and the culture bottle 18 is placed in a suitable sterilization pot (not shown) and steam sterilized.

After sterilization, the cultivation bottle 18 is taken out from the sterilization pot, cooled, and then the cap is removed, and the neck 22 is filled with seed bacteria 24 and inoculated, and the cap is placed again and placed in a culture chamber (not shown).
culture of mycelia.

The seed fungus 24 is a quality one that has been cultured in a separate medium in advance, and the medium in which mycelium has grown is crushed into granules. In normal artificial cultivation of mushrooms, the amount of inoculum inoculated is approximately 10g.
In this example, a large amount of about 30 g of inoculum 24 is inoculated onto the medium, although the amount is small. As a result, the inside of the neck 22 of the cultivation bottle 18 becomes almost full with the seed bacteria 24 (FIG. 3). The seed bacteria 24 is pressed from above with a protrusion (not shown) or the like to increase its density.

The temperature and humidity in the culture room is 22°C @ 75% humidity.
Adjust to about 80%.

The culture period is about 20 days.

Around the end of the above-mentioned period, the hyphae actively proliferate in the medium and the culture is completed.

Next, the cultivation bottle 18 is transferred to a growth chamber (not shown). The growth room is preferably kept dark and equipped with ventilation and temperature/humidity control.

During the initial stage in the growth room, the growth room should be sufficiently ventilated.

In other words, by providing plenty of fresh air, the mycelium can further grow. Then, the hyphae on the surface of the medium swell, and a primordium 28 consisting of hyphal tissue is generated.

What is distinctive about this example is that it does not involve scraping the bacteria, which is essential in conventional artificial cultivation of mushrooms. In the case of Yamabushitake, when the fungus is sown, the mycelium becomes extremely weakened and may not sprout. In this way, by leaving the inoculum as it is without sowing, primordia are generated on the inoculum.

After the primordium 28 is generated, or after the fruiting body is generated from the primordium 28, a molding cylinder 26 with an enlarged upper part is attached to the bottle mouth (FIG. 5). As shown in FIG. 4, this molding cylinder 2 is made of relatively flexible and elastic plastic plates, and one end side is overlapped, and by pushing open against the elastic force, the molding cylinder 2 is overlapped. Parts are open. Immediately after attaching the molding cylinder 26 to the mouth of the cultivation bottle 18 in this way, the growth indoor environment is changed to an oxygen-deficient state and a carbon dioxide-rich state to suppress the growth of mycelia. To create the above-mentioned environment inside the growth chamber, carbon dioxide gas is actively introduced into the growth chamber from the outside, and the carbon dioxide concentration is adjusted to, for example, about 5000 ppm. In this way, carbon dioxide gas is emitted from the hyphae due to the respiration of the hyphae, resulting in a state of lack of oxygen and excess of carbon dioxide gas in the growth chamber, and the growth of the hyphae is suppressed.

Of course, when oxygen ceases to exist, the hyphae die, so
Aim for an appropriate amount of ventilation in the growth room.

Specifically, instead of actively sending carbon dioxide gas into the growth chamber as described above, the inventors turned the cultivation bottle 18 upside down in the growth chamber as shown in FIG. For example, one cultivation bottle 18 is placed in a mesh basket-like container 30.
Six bottles at a time are stored in the growth chamber, and the cultivation bottles 18 are turned upside down within this container 30. A porous film 34 is laid on the inner bottom surface of the container 30, and the cultivation bottle 18 is placed upside down on this film 34. That is, the opening edge of the molding cylinder 26 is the film 3.
It is inverted so that it is in contact with 4. In order to prevent the cultivation bottles 18 from falling over in this case, it is preferable to support the middle part of the body of a plurality of cultivation bottles 18 inverted in the container 30, for example, by a perforated plate (not shown).

By supporting the cultivation bottle 18 upside down as described above,
The molding cylinder 26 is closed by the film 34, and the air inside the growth chamber is slightly communicated through the small holes in the film 34 and the holes in the container 30, so that air circulation into the molding cylinder 26 is extremely reduced. Carbon dioxide gas is discharged into the molding cylinder 26 due to the respiration of the hyphae, resulting in a state of oxygen deficiency and excess carbon dioxide gas, and the carbon dioxide gas emitted from the hyphae and the indoor air flowing through the small holes of the film 34 are mixed. Gradually, an equilibrium is reached, and the above-mentioned conditions of oxygen deficiency and carbon dioxide excess are maintained.

What is convenient in this case is that only the inside of the molding cylinder 26 is naturally maintained in a state of oxygen deficiency and carbon dioxide excess, and the air in the growing room can remain in a normal ventilation state, and special control is not required. It is to disappear.

Further, the primordia tend to extend toward the entrance side of the forming cylinder 26, which is rich in oxygen. In this case, since the growth chamber is kept dark and the inside of the molding cylinder 26 is also maintained in a state of oxygen deficiency and carbon dioxide excess, the formation of fruiting bodies is suppressed and the needle-shaped parts As they grow to a uniform length, they gradually become thicker and come closer to each other, and eventually coalesce, spreading and elongating in both directions toward the molding cylinder 26.

Note that inverting the cultivation bottle 18 as described above
It also matches the above-mentioned characteristic of Yamabushitake that it grows upside down. Further, by closing the molding cylinder 26 with the film 34, the aroma fills the space and does not scatter, which is advantageous.

In this way, the needle-like parts coalesce and grow into a block-like shape.

The outer shape of this block-shaped Yamabushitake mushroom is determined by the inner shape of the molding cylinder 26.

This growth period was about 15 days after the primordium was generated. Further, the temperature condition of the growth chamber at this time is adjusted after 15° C.MiT until about the IO day, and then lowered to around 10° C. until harvest. In addition, the humidity condition is maintained at a high temperature of around 95% until about the 7th day, lowered to around 90% from the 8th to 10th day, and then further lowered to around 70% until harvest.

As mentioned above, the temperature and humidity conditions in the growth chamber are kept at a high temperature or high temperature in the early stages of growth, and then gradually lowered. In the early and middle stages of growth, the growth period is shortened by promoting the elongation of mycelia. In the later stages, the growth of hyphae is suppressed,
This is to increase density and hardness to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life.

At the stage where the forming cylinder 26 has spread all the way to form a lump as described above, the forming cylinder 26 is removed from the bottle mouth of the cultivation bottle 18, and cut with a knife along the bottle mouth to form a predetermined block-shaped Yamabushitake. You can get 10.

Next, the seed bacteria 24 to be filled into the cultivation bottles 18 after sterilization will be explained in more detail.

As the seed fungus 24, a high-quality one that has been cultured with hyphae in a medium in advance as described above is used. When using as a seed, the mycelia that have been cultured are crushed together with the medium into granules. In the usual artificial cultivation method of mushrooms, the seed fungus is crushed into relatively large particles of 5 mm to 8 mm in diameter.

This is because if the hyphae are crushed too finely, the hyphae will be cut into smaller pieces, weakening the hyphae's vitality, prolonging the culture period, and making it impossible to obtain fruit bodies with good shape.

However, in this example, the inoculum is rather finely ground.

In other words, it is preferable to use hyphae with weakened hyphae.

The optimum particle size of the inoculum 24 is, for example, 60% by weight of particles with a particle size of less than 2.5 mm, and about 40% by weight of particles with a particle size of 2.5 mm to less than 4.5 mm. Of course, since the inoculum is granulated using a suitable pulverizer, some particles with a particle size of 4.5 mm or more may be present, but it is desirable that the amount of these particles mixed in is 10% by weight or less. .

The inoculum 24 prepared as above was added to the neck 2 of the cultivation bottle I8.
2 and press from above to make it denser. In this way, by using a seed culture with a small particle size and pressing it slightly at the time of inoculation, the voids between the particles are reduced, and it is possible to prevent water from scattering from the medium during culture.

Although the present invention has been variously explained above using preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and it goes without saying that many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. .

Specific cultivation examples are shown below.

(Cultivation example) A medium containing sawdust and rice bran with a moisture content of approximately 61%.
I adjusted it so that it was around.

Approximately 670 g of this medium was filled into a wide-mouth plastic cultivation bottle with a diameter of 67 mm and a container size of 1000 cc.
Holes for inoculation and air circulation were made in the medium as shown in FIG.

Next, the cultivation bottle was capped and placed in a sterilization pot for sterilization.

After cooling, the cap was removed, and approximately 30 g of seed bacteria was placed in the neck of the cultivation bottle, and inoculation was performed by pressing lightly from above.

The inoculum was cultured separately and crushed together with the culture medium to form particles.The particles with a diameter of around 2.5 mm were the most contained, and particles larger than 4.5 mm were removed.

After inoculation, move the cultivation bottle to the culture room and maintain the temperature at 19°C to 21°C.
C. When cultured under conditions of humidity 75% to 80%,
In about 20 days, mycelium spread widely throughout the medium, and the culture was terminated.

Transfer this cultivation bottle to the growth room and set the temperature in the growth room to 15°C.
When the humidity was maintained close to 100% and the room was sufficiently ventilated to maintain oxygen-rich conditions, the mycelia multiplied further and covered the surface of the fungal bed, and within 5 to 6 days, the primordium was formed. Mushrooms occurred and even more mushrooms appeared.

Immediately thereafter, the molding cylinder shown in FIG. 4 was attached to the bottle opening of the cultivation bottle, and the cultivation bottle was placed upside down in a mesh basket-like container with a porous film spread on the inner bottom surface. The temperature inside the growth chamber was lowered to around 95%.

The molding cylinder communicates with the growth chamber only through the holes in the container and the small holes in the film, resulting in a lack of oxygen and an excess of carbon dioxide, which suppresses the growth of the fruiting bodies, which causes them to elongate to a uniform length and coalesce at the same time. , and spread all at once inside the molding cylinder.

At the time of harvesting, the molding cylinder was removed from the bottle mouth and harvested by cutting along the rim of the bottle mouth with a knife.

Yield averaged 75g per bottle.

The temperature and humidity in the growth chamber were gradually lowered, and during the harvesting period, the temperature was adjusted to 10'C and the humidity was adjusted to around 70%.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the Yamabushitake mushroom of the present invention, the needle-like parts of the Yamabushitake mushroom in its natural state are bound and integrated to form a large block shape, so when eaten, it has a sense of volume and a pleasant texture. It is also very effective in providing excellent texture.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a vertical cutaway view of a block-shaped Yamabushitake mushroom, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a cultivation bottle filled with a culture medium and holes for inoculation and air circulation, and Figure 3 is a culture medium. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the molding cylinder, Fig. 5 is a partial sectional view showing the state in which primordia have been generated on the bacterial bed surface, and Fig. 6 is the container. It is a sectional view showing a state in which the cultivation bottle is inverted. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10... Block-shaped Yamabushitake, 18... Cultivation bottle, 22... Neck, 24... Inoculum, 26... Cylindrical body for molding, 28... Primordium, 30
...Container, 34... Film.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A block-shaped Yamabushitake mushroom characterized by having a columnar overall shape in which the needle-like parts of the Yamabushitake mushroom in its natural state are bound and integrated, and the needle-like parts slightly protrude from the upper surface.