JPH03213552A - Supporting body based on nonwoven sheet formed of chemical textile material and its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain the subject sheet supporter that is useful for flat articles with good dimensional stability by reinforcing a nonwoven sheet made of a chemical textile material with a reinforcing yarn in a specific state. CONSTITUTION: As a nonwoven sheet 8 of 20-500 g/m<2> unit weight is formed by piling up filaments 1, the reinforcing yarns 3 of >=20 GP Young's modulus are arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the sheet and they are bonded with a needler 9, calender 10 or the like. The amount of the reinforcing yarns is set so that the breakage of the reinforcing yarns may occur at least under the stress of 80 daN/m width, when the supporter undergoes the tensile force in the longitudinal direction at 180 deg.C, while the Young's modulus of the supporter is retained so that its deviation may not be detected at the ambient temperature.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a support based on a dimensionally stable, nonwoven sheet made from a chemically woven material, and a method for its production.

The invention is summarized as follows: based on a chemically woven material, at least one non-woven sheet in the form of continuous fibers or filaments, and fibers arranged parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction. A reinforcing system compound with a 1/1 modulus of elasticity, a support based on nonwoven sheets for flat articles, with excellent dimensional stability under all manufacturing conditions. Glass threads are preferably used as reinforcing threads. The reinforcing surface is combined with the nonwoven sheet by chemical or heat bonding and/or needling. Supports are reinforcements for sealing membranes, primary or secondary supports for tufted carpets, reinforcements for tilting floor coverings, supports for coatings, supports for flocks. It can be used as such.

Nonwoven sheets made from chemical textile materials, especially synthetic textile materials, such as polyester, are used in many applications as supports: sealing membranes,
It is known for use as floor coverings, for example carpets (tufts, needlelooms, etc.), tiles (plastic, textile materials), wall coverings, supports for coatings, supports for flocks, etc.

Generally, the common features of these articles are, on the one hand,
On the one hand, high dimensional stability is required both during resting and ripening, and on the other hand, during manufacturing intervals, exposure to high mechanical and thermal stresses, which are generally higher than the stresses experienced in the process; these stresses give rise to distortions: elongation in the longitudinal direction, contraction in the transverse direction and the risk of reverse distortion in the process of ripening of laid goods due to the phenomenon of "elastic recovery". This may be more precisely the case for lightweight supports, for example supports with a weight equal to or lower than 150 g/m''.

Thus, the sealing membranes used in the construction industry are
Often consists of a bituminous support or reinforcement. These supports were originally 7abrics of jute and cellulose fibers, then glass fiber boils. A new generation of encapsulation products that emerged several years ago is the first
firstly, due to the remarkable improvements in bitumen modified with elastomers and/or plastomers; and secondly, due to the combined use of reinforcements based on woven materials of polyester, primarily non-woven sheets made from polyethylene terephthalate. Contributes to the forward movement of the supports (roofs,
thermal insulation) and the perforations of the bitumen/reinforcement composite thus produced.
n) Increased resistance very significantly.

However, in many cases, nonwoven products (made by melt, dry, or wet means) are chemically bonded to each other, which generally yields advantageous industrial results, and this bonding operation is carried out using a special composition of standard products, with repeated processing, and cost I
・It takes a while.

Furthermore, the results obtained, in terms of the subsequent performance of the sheet during bitumen processing or in the covering (membrane) produced and subsequently laid on the roof,
In particular, the dimensional stability is not completely satisfactory. As mentioned above, this creates a risk of distortion: lateral shrinkage and longitudinal elongation of the reinforcement during bitumen processing and after aging on the roof, reverse distortion and wrinkle formation, and this is especially true for 150g /m2 or has a weight equal to it.

Here, the current trend is due to economic and technical reasons: due to reduced costs and ease of storage and handling,
The use of lighter bituminous cover components. This is because, in the case of the lightest sealing membranes, many manufacturers construct composites consisting of at least one non-woven sheet of polyester in combination with glass voile or woven or adhesively bonded glass grids. This is because reinforcing materials are used. Non-woven or glass boils are generally combined by simultaneous impregnation of both reinforcements during bituminous processing. Additionally, glass voile and non-woven polyester are needled (n
eedling) or adhesive bonding.

Examples of documents describing such products are: French Patent No. 2.562°471, in which a polyester nonwoven is combined with two outer layers based on glass fibers; US Pat. No. 4,539,254;
which combines a non-woven polyester, a glass grid and a polyester - describes a membrane consisting of at least three layers bonded together; and British Patent No. 1.517,595, in which a non-woven polyester is combined with a glass thread. Combine with (grid/cross thread) lattice. In these embodiments, the amount of glass is limited so as not to increase the mass too much, but
Nevertheless, it remains relatively large and is accompanied by an increase in cost when economics are considered.

As far as technology is concerned, these various embodiments can improve the dimensional stability of the sealing membrane once it is laid down. To some extent, they also limit longitudinal elongation when passing through the machine.
The subsequent distortion associated with the distortion of the polyester sheet during bitumen processing and the tendency of the cover to recover elastically during ripening after laying on the roof can be reduced.

However, these solutions are not completely satisfactory, especially in the case of two separate reinforcements. In fact, the impregnation of the bitumen is carried out by passing the sheet or rather the composite of non-woven polyester sheet voile through an impregnating trough. The quality of the impregnation is defined as a function of various factors, in particular the viscosity of the bitumen, temperature and residence time, and depends on the mechanical diversion and drainage system in the bath. Due to the decomposition of the polyester, the temperature is limited, so the required residence time must be long enough to complete the impregnation, and this means a sufficiently long passage through the trough and therefore the guide or the passage of a complex of bar feeders, which generates friction that increases the tensile stress, which can rise up to 80 daN/m sheet width.

Here, the temperature of the impregnation or surface treatment bath is 160 to 200.
Under the combined effects of temperature frequencies on the order of °C and mechanical driving forces, glass sheets and polyester sheets can behave differently during the impregnation operation and the relaxation of the cover when laid down. , and this may produce surface uneven phenomena: wrinkle formation, cracks, etc.

Furthermore, the mechanical behavior of doubly reinforced covers is often very heterogeneous during a single tension event. In fact, because of its low elongation at break (less than 5%), glass voile first cuts along the preferential break line. When these fracture lines are present, the stress on the higher elongation polyester reinforcement is localized, but this localization is accompanied by a reduction in the overall load, elongation and fatigue strength properties. This can create a risk of cracking the cover.

In our French Patent No. 2,546.537, we describe a reinforcement for a sealing membrane and a membrane produced using this reinforcement, which membrane exhibits excellent dimensional properties over time. and further produced under economically advantageous conditions. In this sealing membrane, the reinforcement is a nonwoven sheet of heat-bonded continuous filaments, preferably needled, containing 70-90% polyethylene terephthalate and 30-10% Contains polybutylene terephthalate-10.

The method for producing this reinforcement consists of producing a sheet of continuous filaments of two polymers by extrusion, needling the resulting sheet if necessary, and then
It consists of successive thermal bonding by melting the most fusible components at temperatures between 0 and 240°C.

To produce the sealing membrane, the reinforcement is treated with a beumen at a temperature below the thermal bonding temperature of the filaments of the sheet. After the bitumen treatment, the whole is optionally subjected to conventional treatments, for example sand or natural slate treatments. In this case, the use of glass voile together with non-woven polyester has been excluded, and this is technically and economically advantageous.

However, especially in the case of low weight/unit area below or equal to 150 g/m2,
Some problems of dimensional stability still occur during the production of membranes from sheets due to high mechanical and thermal stresses, and in conditions of using membranes finished on terraces, elastic recovery phenomena occur. Because of this, distortions are created over time in the opposite direction to those that occur during manufacturing.

It is also known to longitudinally introduce reinforcing threads of inorganic material into a glass voile, which is then combined with a sheet of pre-aggregated synthetic fibers to obtain a support for the sealing membrane. Composites of this type, which are intended to provide firstly fire protection and secondly good dimensional stability, form the subject of European Patent Application No. 0.242,524.

However, although this application deals with dimensional stability under service conditions (up to 80°C and stress-free), it says nothing about the stability of the product during the bitumen processing, i.e. when exposed to high temperatures and stresses. Not stated. It has now been found that the behavior during bitumen processing determines to a large extent the subsequent behavior in the conditions of use, and distortions during this processing are also subsequently detrimental.

12- Problems similar to those encountered in sealing also arise when used as floor coverings.

In this application, for example, a non-woven sheet of synthetic textile material is used as a primary support (-secondary backing) for a tufted carpet.
and/or used as a secondary support (secondary lining). The production of carpets consists of known operations: reverse coating, application of a base coat, dyeing or printing, which simultaneously expose the product to high temperatures and high stresses during the manufacturing process. This can result in distortions: longitudinal elongation,
- lateral shrinkage of the secondary and secondary backings, eventually tending to reverse distortion once the carpet is laid down;
This is especially detrimental in the case of prints with patterns that can be joined.

Similar risks of distortion during fabrication and a tendency to reverse distortion upon aging may also be faced in the case of floor tiles of plastic or textile materials reinforced with non-woven sheets, but these are extremely This is an article that requires exceptional dimensional stability.

3. The aim of the invention is to solve the above problem. According to the invention, a non-woven sheet support in the form of fibers or continuous filaments, based on chemical textile materials, said sheet having a weight of 20 to 500 g/m 2 and bonded thereto, consisting of high modulus reinforcing yarns arranged parallel to each other in the length direction of the sheet, said reinforcing yarns exhibiting a Young's modulus greater than 20 GPa, and the amount of reinforcing yarns such that when the support is subjected to a longitudinal tensile force, breakage of the reinforcing threads occurs under a stress of at least 80 d a N/m width, and the Young's modulus of said support at ambient temperature is A nonwoven sheet support is provided, characterized in that it is not appreciably altered with respect to the same modulus of a nonwoven base sheet without reinforcing yarns, measured under the same conditions.

Non-woven sheets can be produced by dry means, wet φ steps or filament (
It can be obtained by extrusion of a molten mass in the form of a non-woven sheet). The temperature is generally synthetic. It is preferred to use sheets of continuous filaments made from synthetic polymers, such as polyamides or polyesters, which exhibit excellent stability under the conditions of article construction and use.

Filaments based on polyester are preferably used.

Polyethylene terephthalate itself or its combination with polybutylene terephthalate can be used as polyester, both polymers being two components:
Two layers can be spun together in a side-by-side or coaxial configuration, or separately from the same die or from different dies. The filaments of the sheet can be of any cross section: flat, round or irregularly shaped.

Preferably, a round cross section is used. The sheets are preferably held together by needling and advantageously heat bonding.

The properties and in particular the tensile behavior of the sheet taken into account in isolation, when at room temperature, preferably correspond to or are closely related to the properties required in the case of the support already within its scope of use.

15 The weight of the nonwoven sheet can vary within wide limits, depending on the use. It is between 20 and 500 g/m'', preferably between 50 and 250 g/m'', and the invention is particularly advantageous in the case of sheets with a weight of less than or equal to 150 g/m'', which is most likely to cause distortion during the manufacturing process of the 6 items.

A high modulus yarn has a value of greater than 20 GPa, preferably greater than 50 GPa (I GPa -10'Pa
); these values, measured at ambient temperature, do not substantially change when the yarn is exposed to temperatures of the order of 200° C. or higher. Yarns based on the following materials can be mentioned as high modulus yarns, Nigaras, aramids, aromatic polyamides, various high tenacity polyesters, carbon, metals etc. Preferably, glass threads are used; these high modulus threads constitute the longitudinal reinforcement of the nonwoven sheet. They can be deposited on one or both sides or sandwiched within a nonwoven sheet. The reinforcing yarn and the nonwoven sheet can be combined by suitable chemical binders, heat bonding and/or needling; these means yield excellent cohesion between the yarn and the nonwoven sheet. It is hoped that this will be possible.

The amount of reinforcing yarns depends on the properties of the sheet to be combined with them,
It is a function of the tensile performance, especially at room temperature and the temperatures reached during the fabrication of the article, and the stresses withstood during this process. The minimum amount is determined by the required resistance of the support (nonwoven sheet and reinforcing yarns) to the tensile stresses experienced at the high temperatures reached during the fabrication process of the article. This amount must be sufficient to prevent thread breakage. It is provided that when the reinforced sheet is subjected to stress/longitudinal length tests, the breakage of the glass threads is at least 80 daN/m, preferably at least 100 daN/m
Such as is recorded in the case of width stress.

The maximum amount is determined as a function of the load/elongation curve of the nonwoven sheet at ambient temperature. It is determined such that the shape of the load/elongation curve of the reinforced sheet is as similar as possible to that of the unreinforced sheet. In particular, the Young's modulus does not change perceptibly, and the shape of the curve shows no major discontinuities when recording the breaking of the reinforcing yarn.

The amount of reinforcing yarn is expressed in terms of diameter (count) and density (spacing). These two parameters are optimized to obtain a support that performs as homogeneously as possible. It is known that in the case of a given type of sheet, the load/elongation curve depends essentially on its weight, in the preferred case of using glass threads and in the case of nonwoven sheets of continuous polyester filaments. ,
Their weight is between 50 and 250 g/m'' and depends on whether they are bonded chemically, heat bonded and/or by needling, advantageously using glass threads; Here the diameter of the element fiber is 5μ
~13μ, their count is 2.8-272tex, and they are evenly spaced 18 from 2mm to 30mm. Preferably, glass threads are used, where the count is between 22 and 58 tex and spaced at intervals of 10 and 30 mm; the counts shown above are those of standard commercial yarns.

In practice, in the case of polyester sheets with a preferred weight of 50-250 g/m2, and the ultimate use of sodium bicarbonate (sealing, carpets, floor tiles, etc.)
The use of a few g/m2 of glass thread is sufficient, regardless of what it is: 2-3 g/m" of glass thread is used for the production of 50-150 g/m" sheets intended for the fabrication of sealing membranes. is sufficient in this case; experiments using bitumen processing machines can be carried out without causing any problems in this case. In fact, the cutting load of a glass thread over a machine width of 1 m can be calculated as follows. 2.
In the case of 244 g/m2 glass thread, i.e. 66 threads of 34 tex spaced 15 mm apart, the cutting load per meter width of the sheet of glass thread would be: 9 34 (thread count, tex) x 66 (number of threads/m)
33.5 (Strength of thread, g/1ex) -75°145g
=75.174kg (i.e., substantially 73.67kg)
daN) 110 g/m'' continuous filament yarn assembly onto a polyester sheet, in the case of subsequent heat bonding, width 5 cm (considering 3 yarns) and 20
The breakage of the glass thread on the load/elongation curve of the test specimen with a spacing of cm (AFNOR standard 07001) was recorded at 18 daN, which is l 8 × 20-360 d
equivalent to a N/l m width. This rather obvious increase in the initial cutting load of the glass threads is very much a result of the large number of areas of adhesive bonding of the threads in the structure of the textile material, which results in a completely homogeneous cutting behavior throughout by the melt-bonded fibers. Explained by excellent yarn/nonwoven cohesion.

As detailed in the Examples, examination of the load/cold elongation curve of the nonwoven sheet reinforced with a measured amount of glass yarn shows that: Young's modulus In the transverse direction, approximately half the load of cutting the glass thread without excessively large breaks in the curve, which is the same when compared to the same unreinforced nonwoven sheet.

On the other hand, observing the load/elongation curve at 180° C. shows that the Young's modulus is significantly improved upon heating. This elastic modulus is at least 2 times, preferably 2.5 to 3 times.

According to these tests, as can be clearly understood, during the operation of bitumen processing the stabilization can be complete, the tensile force of the machine does not exceed 100 daN/m width and, on the other hand, the generation at the conditions of use The dimensional stability of the objects is significantly improved and this is due to the reduction of memory effects. These results are obtained using very little glass and at a minimal cost on the order of 0.08 FF/m''. The cost of this material should be compared to: polyester twin ) glass voile of 50 g/m2, often used in coverings with reinforcement, and glass voile with the production of non-woven-glass grid composites of 1XIX34tex21 (1 thread/cm, warp and weft), approximately The cost of 0.8 OFF/m2, the structure considered to be the minimum from a practical point of view, and its cost is
In all cases greater than IFF/m2.

The invention also provides for introducing reinforcing threads by suitable means during or after the manufacture of the nonwoven sheet of chemically woven material, and for extending said threads continuously parallel to each other at a predetermined distance. and bonding said threads to said sheet.

In order to produce the sheet by melting means, the polymer is extruded and the sheet is preferably prepared according to French patent no.
No. 229,438. The arrangement of reinforcing threads can be carried out continuously or discontinuously.

In both cases, the threads are fed and distributed from beams or reels placed near the sheets so that they are unwound lengthwise parallel to each other at uniform predetermined intervals. . The placement of reinforcing threads is preferably carried out continuously with the fabrication of the sheet, immediately after or during fabrication of the sheet, and during coating.

Bonding of the threads to the sheet may be through the application of chemical binders or
Alternatively, it is preferably carried out by needling and/or heat bonding.

In the case of chemical bonding, threads coated with a chemical binder can be used or, in the case of chemically bonded sheets, the threads can be introduced into the sheets when chemically bonding the sheets. I can do it.

In the case of heat bonding, yarns can be coated with a hot melt adhesive product or wound with hot melt adhesive threads or, in the case of heat bonded sheets, fabrication of the sheet. When the yarn is bonded to the sheet and the sheets are heat bonded, the sheet and yarn can be bonded. In the first solution, two hot-melt adhesive threads are used, for example in the case of thermal bonding, without previous needling and application of the thread to the surface.

In the case of needling, special needles are preferably used and the reinforcing threads are embedded in the surface or in the body of the intertwined textile filaments. For example, in the case of needling and assembly on one side,
Barbs with a round cross section and located longitudinally oriented (
A special needle with two opposing ridges with b a r b) is used to bring it into contact with the reinforcing thread: PinC I Blades)
Type 7 Fosters Needles
edles).

When introducing reinforcing threads during the laying down step according to the transfer method, it is desirable to incorporate the threads between two laying down devices. In this case, a standard needle [e.g.
Agglomerates can be produced by first needling the sheet using a Singer 4QRB needle. In fact, it has been found that when using this method, the reinforcing threads stick together more easily throughout and are able to withstand needle attacks during which time the protection by the filaments of the sheets located on both sides of these threads Consider. It is advantageous to carry out an in-line thermal bonding following this needling. During these successive operations, sufficient tension is applied to the sheet of chemical filament and reinforcing thread assembly so that the reinforcing thread is fully elongated through the consolidation stage and provides a support for the article according to the invention. Care is taken to obtain a maximum modulus of elasticity along the length of the reinforcing sheet that constitutes it.

To produce sheets by dry means, the methods used are those normally used in this technology. The introduction of reinforcing threads, their bonding to the sheets and any consolidation of the sheets is carried out in the same way as for sheets obtained by melting means.

To produce sheets by wet means, the method used is the method commonly used in this technology25. The combing of the reinforcing threads is carried out after the fabrication of the sheet, and the bonding of the reinforcing threads to the sheet is carried out by chemical or thermal adhesive bonding to said sheet or between two lighter sheets. .

The non-woven sheet-based support for flat articles according to the invention offers many advantages in use: for example reinforcement of sealing membranes, primary or secondary reinforcement for tactile carpets, floor Reinforcement of cover tiles, etc.

l--elimination of distortions of the sheet under mechanical stress at high temperatures during the processes involved in the production of articles from a fishing point of view; elimination of reverse distortions during aging in the article when lying; elimination of previous distortions; : Saving of materials and low cost of production.

2- Nigaras voile and non-woven in the case of sealing membranes, combined with the use of two reinforcements, which are bonded simultaneously and together during impregnation: substantial savings in raw materials; 26 bitumen treated The fabrication of the cover eliminates the storage of dual reinforcement; ease of impregnation, giving the possibility of a substantial increase in cover production speed; the use of two reinforcements with very different moduli of elasticity, Elimination of appearance problems: folding, cracking, wrinkle formation, etc.

Much more satisfactory mechanical cutting behavior, better continuity of the load/elongation curve of the cover, better fatigue (
Greater flexibility of the cover resulting in cracking) resistance, making it easier to lay down the cover in cold climates.

3- In the case of sealing membranes, compared to non-woven-glass grid composites or non-woven-glass voile composites (combination before impregnation): Easy limitation of total volume / m 2 : Saving of raw materials: Easy impregnation; More homogeneous mechanical cutting behavior due to the limited amount of glass: Greater flexibility of the cover: Different physical behavior of the two sheets during impregnation and subsequent use Elimination of the risk of changes in appearance and/or dimensions due to

The invention will be explained by means of examples and drawings.

According to the method diagrammatically shown in FIG. 3, the support is manufactured in a single step, and the reinforcing threads are combined with and bonded to the nonwoven sheet during the manufacturing process of the nonwoven sheet. The seat is based on French Patent No. 1,582,147.
in the form of filaments l, using a mobile laying device (not shown), as described in French Patent No. 2,299,438, by melting means, according to the method described in Produced by extrusion of molten polymer by air drawing and deposition of these filaments onto the receiving apron 2. The reinforcing threads 3 are combined with the sheet being formed as soon as it enters the receiving apron. They are fed from reels 4 to 8 which are mounted on a feed creel 5 and pass over a tension bar system 6, each then passing through a guide eyelet 7. The eyelets 7 are aligned and judiciously spaced at the entrance of the receiving apron 2 to guide the threads 3 parallel to each other and at the desired spacing on the receiving apron 2. A nonwoven sheet 8 is thus formed on the receiving apron 2 and the reinforcing threads 3 are integrated on its underside. Leaving the receiving apron 2, the sheet and reinforcing yarn pass continuously through a needler 9,
Here they are subjected to a needling operation which guarantees part of the sheet/reinforcing thread bond.

Bonding is completed by heat bonding as it passes through calender 10. Support 11 according to the invention thus formed
is wound onto the receiving means 12.

The method shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4 is similar to that shown in FIG. 3 and differs therefrom only in the provision of reinforcing threads 3 onto the receiving apron 2. Here, the yarn is placed between two layers of sheets and fed by individual guide tubes 13 between two laying devices located at A and b, respectively, on the receiving apron.

9 As in FIG. 3, an eyelet 7 is placed at each outlet of the tube, and the set to eyelet 1 positions the threads parallel to each other at the desired spacing.

Example 1 A 100 g/m2 non-woven filament sheet with a width of 2 m was produced from extruded polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate yarns of 7 dtex filaments in a ratio of 87%/13%, respectively.

Silicone EC934T 6 Z 28 type glass thread (fiber diameter 9 microns, 34 te Continuously incorporate the material into this sheet every 1.5 cm when lying down.

These yarns have a tensile strength of 33.5 g/lex and an elongation at break of approximately 5.5%. They are fed from a 2.5 kg reel mounted on a reel as shown in FIG.

The composite of polyester sheets and guide tubes was passed through a Singer 40RB needle [40 gauge,
Regular herbs
)] with 50 perforations/cm 2.12m
Needle in the m penetration.

On leaving the needler, the sheet is calendered under a pressure of 25 daN/cm at 235° C. in a calender equipped with rolls with a non-stick coating. Conditions: Calender processing speed 13
m/min, S pass, contact time between the sheet and the two rolls: 15 seconds, then passed over a cooling roll and wound up.

A reinforced sheet having a weight of 107 g/m2 is thus obtained. The mechanical strength properties of this reinforcement are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below in comparison to a reinforcement without glass threads.

Table 1 relates to characteristics measured at room temperature (20° C.). Table 2 relates to the properties measured at 180°C. The characteristic is convergence 5c
m (considering 3 threads) and on a specimen of length 20 cm; normal temperature according to NF standard GO7001 and heat according to the same dimensional standards and pulling speed 1- but fixed to the pulling, system and jaw The test piece was 1
It is located in a heating chamber whose temperature is controlled to 80°C. load/
The elongation curves are reproduced in FIG. 1 (normal temperature) and FIG. 2 (180° C.), L: longitudinal direction, T: transverse direction, C1: yarn is used, C2: yarn is not used.

Referring to Table 1 and FIG. 1, it can be seen that the load and the elongation at break of this longitudinal reinforcement change only very slightly when adding glass. It can also be seen that the longitudinal elongation under 3 daN and 5 daN remains unchanged, and that the elongation below 10 daN is itself virtually unchanged. This reflects the absence of Young's modulus. The cutting of the glass thread at 18 daN was well localized in the longitudinal direction;
And this constitutes a major increase in cutting load. This is because the three threads, taken out of the sheet, have a theoretical cutting load of 3-35 daN when considered together. This cutting produces no perturbation for the continuous nonwoven sheet with no appreciable change in its cutting curve.

Referring to Table 2 and FIG. 2, the tensiometer curve at 180° C. shows a major increase in the source of the reinforced sheet. 3daN, 5daN and even 1OdaN
The lower elongation is noticeably reduced.

The stresses that the support (reinforcement) undergoes during the bitumen treatment are up to 80-100 daN/linear m1, i.e. 4-5
Since it is known that daN/width, this is due to the bitumen treatment (or other heat treatment depending on its final purpose)
This results in very low distortion during the bituminous treatment or other heat treatment, thus resulting in improved dimensional stability both during bitumen processing or other heat treatment and subsequently once the support is in place. Breaking of the glass threads was recorded at 5 daN, this value is the same as the stress experienced during bitumen treatment (or other heat treatment) without the risk of breaking the glass threads.
High enough to withstand.

The reinforcement was also tested in bitumen under heat and tension.

The test on bitumen is carried out with the aid of the apparatus shown in Figure 5. The device mainly consists of a trough 20 intended to receive bitumen 50 and equipped with heating and temperature control means 21, a calibrated dimension intended to introduce and maintain a test specimen 23 in the trough. a removable basket 22, various guide or return pulleys 24-25 defining the movement of the specimen, and a reading scale 26 calibrated in millimeters.

The bitumen used is Shell Company's impregnating bitumen (reference, 100-130PX).
), and the penetration is 100/130 (measured according to NT standard T66004, at 25° C., the penetration is ■/10 mm).

A 1010×120 test piece is cut along the length of the sheet. Three specimens taken from the width are used, one from the center and one from each edge at lOCm from the ears.

The test is carried out according to the following method: Switch on the heating device = temperature 1850 C1 and allow the temperature to stabilize.

34- Attach a clip to each end of specimen 23 and attach these 27
One of them constitutes a stationary point.

The test piece is introduced into the hot bitumen with the aid of the basket 22, which is then left to rest on the bottom. The basket is fixed with rod clips 28 and the level of bitumen and the dimensions of the basket are determined such that a length of 500 mm is immersed in the bitumen.

The load 29 is fixed for a sheet of 107 g/m2, ie at 4 daN and then at 7 daN.

After a waiting period of 30 seconds, the elongation is determined with the aid of a millimeter scale.

Elongation is expressed as a percentage of the immersion length.

After removing the load and basket, the specimen is removed and drained with the aid of suitable equipment.

Suspend the specimen vertically and allow it to cool completely. Record the values in Table 3 below.

Other tests are more precise, in a heat chamber at 200°C, with a width of 20
cm and a length of 30 cm (the length of the test piece is taken in the longitudinal direction of the sheet) between the clips. The specimen is suspended using the upper clip in a thermal chamber at 200° C. with a load of 8 daN applied to the lower clip. The changes in the dimensions of the specimens are measured in the longitudinal and transverse directions after cooling to ambient temperature and these changes are expressed in %.

The values are recorded in Table 4 below.

In these two tests, very markedly improved properties were found for the reinforced nonwoven sheets when heated and strained under tension when compared to the unreinforced nonwoven sheets (see Table 3 and various degrees of distortion at 4).

Supports based on non-woven sheets can be used as reinforcement for sealing membranes.

The bitumen treatment of the reinforcement is carried out by producing a bitumen treated cover in a plant diagrammatically shown in FIG. Reinforcement material 161 is unwound from supply roll 30 and then passed through assembly station 31 and into storage cell 32.

The assembly station allows the start of a new roll to be attached to the end of the length of reinforcement being processed, and the storage cell allows it to absorb discontinuities in the feed. The reinforcement is then transferred to a first bitumen processing station 33.
, a second bitumen processing station 34, a natural slate processing station 35, a plastic film application station 36, a cooling zone 37, a second storage cell 38 and is received in a receiving device 39 equipped with reinforcement cutting means 40 for cutting. Means 40 cuts the reinforcement when the desired length of winding has been reached at the receiving end.

Bitumen processing is carried out in two stages = 180°C
The first complete bath impregnation stage (station 33
) followed by oxidized bitumen, type 100/40,
7 Drainage between two metal rolls 41-42 using a penetration of 40/10 mm (according to NF standard T66.004), ring and ball softening point (according to NF standard T66.008).

The second so-called surface treatment stage (station 34), S
Coating on both sides at 175° C. using elastomeric bitumen of the BS (styrene-butadiene-styrene) type, followed by sizing between rolls 43-44 of a preset gear pump depending on the desired thickness of the cover; Deposition of natural slate flakes on one side and application of polypropylene film on the other side and cooling on the drum in zone 37.

107 g/m”, this same unreinforced reinforcement cannot be bituminated in the machine without very large longitudinal and transverse distortions, resulting in extreme wrinkles that make the cover completely unusable. It had the appearance of forming a

In the case of the invention, the properties during bituminous processing are very good and the cover is completely flat in appearance. UEATC (Uni.

n Europ6enne pour I' Atr6m
The subsequent properties of the cover in terms of dimensional stability at 80 °C, as recommended by the ENT Technique dans Ia8 Con5trusion), are subject to the requirements for dimensional variation, i.e. the variation in both directions is 0.5
%Fewer.

9 The main features and aspects of the invention are as follows.

I. A non-woven sheet support in the form of fibers or continuous filaments based on chemical textile materials, said sheet having a weight of 20 to 500 g/m" and having a length of seeds attached thereto; consisting of reinforcing threads of high elastic modulus arranged parallel to each other in the direction, said reinforcing threads exhibiting a Young's modulus greater than 20 GPa, and the amount of reinforcing threads is such that at 180°C said support has a length When subjected to a tensile force in the direction, the breaking of the reinforcing thread is at least 80 daN/
m width, and the Young's modulus at ambient temperature of said support is as per the same modulus of elasticity of a nonwoven pace sheet without reinforcing yarns measured under the same conditions. 1. A support for a nonwoven sheet, characterized in that it is not altered to the extent possible.

2. equal to at least twice the same modulus of elasticity of a nonwoven pace sheet without reinforcing yarns, measured under the same conditions;
The support according to item 1 above, having a Young's modulus of 44 at 180°C.

3. The support according to item 2 above, which has a Young's modulus at 180° C. that is 2.5 to 3 times the same elastic modulus as a nonwoven pace sheet without reinforcing yarns, measured under the same conditions.

4. The reinforcing yarn exhibits a Young's modulus greater than 50 GPa,
The support according to item 1.2 or 3 above.

5. The nonwoven sheet is obtained by melting means, and has a thickness of 20 to 250
4. The support according to claim 1, 2 or 3 above, which is a sheet having a weight of "g/m".

6. The support according to item L 2 or 3 above, wherein the breaking of the reinforcing thread occurs under a stress of at least 100 daN/m width.

7. The nonwoven sheet is obtained by melting means and has a thickness of 50 to 25
A sheet of continuous filaments based on polyester with a weight of 0 g/m2 and reinforcing threads of 2.8~
Support according to claim 2 or 3, which is a glass thread having a count of 272 tex and uniformly spaced from 2 to 30 mm.

5 8, the glass thread has 22-68 tex, and 10
8. Supports according to paragraph 7 above, which are spaced apart by ~30 mm.

9. The support according to item 1, 2 or 3 above, wherein the reinforcing thread is bonded to the sheet by chemical bonding.

10. Glass threads are heat bonded and/or nidled (
4. The support according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the support is bonded to the sheet by means of a needle.

11. The support according to item 1 above, which has a coating, in particular a flock.

12. Bitumen-treated sealing membrane reinforced with the support described in item 1 above.
e) Tilt (t) of tufted carpet or floor covering
ilting).

13. A non-woven sheet support in the form of fibers or continuous filaments based on chemical textile materials, said sheet having a weight of 20 to 500 g/m" and tied to it with a sled; consisting of reinforcing threads of high elastic modulus arranged parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of the sheet, said reinforcing threads exhibiting a Young's modulus of greater than 20 GPa, and the amount of reinforcing threads at 180° C. such that when the support is subjected to a longitudinal tensile force, breakage of the reinforcing threads occurs under a stress of at least 80 d a N / m width, and the Young's modulus of said support at ambient temperature is the same A method for producing a support for a nonwoven sheet that does not appreciably change the elastic modulus of a nonwoven base sheet without reinforcing yarns, measured under conditions of 20 to 500 g. During or after the production of a non-woven sheet of chemically woven material having a weight of 1/2 m'', the desired amount of reinforcing yarns of high elastic modulus is introduced by suitable means and said yarns are continuously connected to each other. , and bonding said threads to said sheet, at least one side of a nonwoven sheet or between two layers of said sheet at a predetermined distance parallel to said sheet.

14. Method 7 according to item 13 above, wherein the bond between the reinforcing yarn and the nonwoven sheet is created by chemical bonding.

15. The method according to item 13 above, wherein the bond between the reinforcing yarn and the nonwoven sheet is produced by nidling and/or heat bonding.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the production of the nonwoven sheet comprises at least one step of extrusion of the continuous filament by melting means and a laying step, and the reinforcing threads are combined with the sheet at the beginning of the laying operation. .

17. The production of nonwoven sheets consists of at least one step of extrusion of continuous filaments by melting means and a laying step, and reinforcing yarns are combined with the sheet and between the laying operations, and between the two laid layers. 14. The method according to item 13 above.

18. The production of the sheet further comprises the step of holding the sheets together by chemical bonding, and the bonding of reinforcing threads to the sheet is carried out during said chemical bonding of the sheets, as described in paragraphs 16 or 17 above. the method of.

8 I9, sheet production further includes needling and/or
18. A method according to claim 16 or 17, comprising the step of consolidating the sheets by 'or heat bonding, and the bonding of reinforcing threads to the sheets is carried out during said needling and/or heat bonding of the sheets.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a nonwoven sheet without reinforcing threads and a support according to the invention: a combination of a nonwoven sheet and reinforcing threads.
A comparison of the load/cold elongation diagrams in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively, is shown. FIG. 2 shows a comparison of the load/elongation of the same sheet as in FIG. 1 at a temperature of 180°C. FIG. 3 diagrammatically shows a first embodiment of the method according to the invention. FIG. 4 diagrammatically shows a first embodiment of the method according to the invention. FIG. 5 diagrammatically shows an apparatus for measuring the properties of sealing films produced using a support according to the invention. FIG. 6 diagrammatically shows a method for producing a sealing membrane using a support according to the invention. ■ Filament 2 Receptor nigeron 3 Reinforcing yarn 4 Reel 5 Supply creel 6 Tension bar system 8 Non-woven sheet 7 Guide eyelet 9 Needler 1O calendar IJ Support, reinforcement 12 Receiving means 3 Guide tube 20 Trough 21 Heating and temperature control Means 22 Removable basket 23 Test specimen 24 Guide or return pulley 25 Guide or return pulley 0 Reading scale bar clip Load supply roll assembly station Storage cell First bitumen processing station Second bitumen processing station Natural slate processing station Plastic film application station Cooling Zone Second Storage Cell Receiving Device Reinforcement Cutting Means Metal Roll Metal Roll Roll Video Menu Position Position 2 N0 口口 N”0 'i壓

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A non-woven sheet support in the form of fibers or continuous filaments based on chemical textile materials, said sheet having a weight of 20 to 500 g/m^2; consisting of high modulus reinforcing threads bonded and arranged parallel to each other in the length direction of the sheet, said reinforcing threads exhibiting a Young's modulus greater than 20 GPa, and the amount of reinforcing threads being at 180°C. When said support is subjected to a longitudinal tensile force in
/m width, and the Young's modulus at ambient temperature of said support is for the same elastic modulus of a nonwoven base sheet without reinforcing yarns measured under the same conditions. A nonwoven sheet support characterized in that it is not appreciably altered. 2. Reinforced with the support described in claim 1,
Tilt of bitumen treated sealing membrane, tufted carpet or floor covering. 3. A non-woven sheet support in the form of fibers or continuous filaments based on chemical textile materials, said sheet having a weight of 20 to 500 g/m^2 and having a length of sheet attached thereto. consisting of reinforcing threads of high elastic modulus arranged parallel to each other in the transverse direction, said reinforcing threads exhibiting a Young's modulus of greater than 20 GPa, and the amount of reinforcing threads is such that at 180°C said support has a long When subjected to a longitudinal tensile force, the breaking of the reinforcing thread is at least 80 daN.
/m width, and the Young's modulus at ambient temperature of said support is for the same elastic modulus of a nonwoven base sheet without reinforcing yarns measured under the same conditions. A method of producing a non-woven sheet support that is not appreciably altered, the method comprising:
/m^2 during or after the production of a nonwoven sheet of chemically woven material having a weight of method, characterized in that the threads are placed parallel to each other at a predetermined distance against at least one side of a nonwoven sheet or between two layers of said sheet, and bonding said threads to said sheet.