JPH03217600A - Photography of inside wall surface of tunnel and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to efficiently record a state of the inside wall surface of a tunnel with objective accuracy by rotating a camera located at the central part of the tunnel within the vertical surface against the center axis of the tunnel continuously or intermittently to obtain a developed picture of the inside wall surface of the tunnel. CONSTITUTION:After the center of a tunnel is measured by a steel tape, etc., acrylic plates 67 and 71 for a laser target are set on the central part of the tunnel at a set distance, and a laser beam is set. After that, a panorama camera 1 mounted on a truck 41 is placed between the acrylic plates 67 and 71, a rotary axis thereof is corresponded with the center axes C-C of the tunnel. Then, the inside wall surface of the tunnel is spotlighted by a lighting means 56, and a panoramic picture having a certain width of the inside wall surface is taken while rotating the panorama camera 1 360 deg. by remote control through a remote control moter. Unit pictures obtained through the repeat of the control are stuck with each other to obtain a developed picture of the inside wall surface of the tunnel.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method and device for photographing the inner wall surface of a tunnel, and a method and apparatus for photographing the inner wall surface of a tunnel. The tunnel development photos or tunnel development drawings are used to track and manage the changing conditions of the tunnel lining surface with objective accuracy over time.

[Conventional technology]

In recent years, there have been many reports of functional deterioration such as deterioration of concrete structures, and various inspection and management methods have been devised. However, unlike in the case of other concrete structures, it is difficult to measure or estimate the load conditions for tunnels. By}
Depending on the distance from the tunnel entrance, cracks, joint cuts, pressure creases, peeling, etc. can be seen on the inner surface of the lining on both sides of the arch crown.
The current situation, such as water leakage, washed away soil on the back of the lining, peeling, misalignment, and material deterioration, is sketched by visual inspection or local measurement, and the inner surface of the tunnel lining is inspected using the developed tunnel drawing created by the sketch.・Management was carried out.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

When inspecting and managing the progress of various defects on the inner surface of the tunnel lining using a tunnel development diagram created by the inspector's sketches, the tunnel development diagram is created by the inspector's visual inspection. Due to the length of various defects,
There is no objective accuracy regarding the shape, extent of spread, etc., and the accuracy of the created tunnel development diagram is greatly influenced by individual differences among examiners, so it is difficult to objectively examine changes in various defects over time. could not be traced.

This invention was made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and its purpose is to efficiently record the condition of the inner wall surface of a tunnel with objective accuracy in accordance with the distance from the tunnel entrance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for photographing an inner tunnel wall surface, which allows the recording results to be used to track changes in the condition of the tunnel inner wall surface over time.

[Means to solve the problem]

The inventors of the present invention took advantage of the fact that most of the inner wall surface of the tunnel has an arc shape centered on the tunnel center axis, and created a panoramic photograph of a constant width of the inner wall surface of the tunnel using a camera positioned at the center of the tunnel. The present invention was completed by focusing on the fact that the above-mentioned conventional problems can be solved by synthesis.

The first method invention of the present application is to continuously or intermittently rotate a camera located at the center of the tunnel in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel center axis to photograph the inner wall surface of the tunnel. This is a method of photographing the inner wall of a tunnel to obtain a developed image of a constant width of the inner wall of the tunnel.

Further, the second method invention of the present application divides the inner wall surface of the tunnel in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel center axis using a plurality of cameras arranged on the circumference in a vertical plane centered on the tunnel center axis. This is a method of photographing a tunnel inner wall surface in which a developed image of a constant width of the tunnel inner wall surface is obtained by photographing the divided images and combining the photographed divided images.

In the device invention of the present application, a panoramic camera equipped with a slit-shaped photographing opening is held by a camera mount member such that the photographing opening is rotatable in a vertical plane, and the camera mount member supports the panoramic camera in front, rear, left and right directions. One of these rotation means is coupled to an X-axis drive means and a Z-axis drive means that move the panoramic camera in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Either one of these drive means is held by a supporting member that positions the panoramic camera near the center of the tunnel, thereby serving as a device for photographing the inner wall surface of the tunnel.

The camera mount member may be provided with a positioning plane reflecting mirror that reflects the laser beam in a direction perpendicular to a horizontal axis along which the panoramic camera is rotated.

In order to efficiently take a panoramic photograph of the inner wall surface of the Mata Tunnel, it is preferable that the support member of the panoramic camera is provided on a cart that is placed on the L/-i14 and moves.

1. In order to quickly position the panoramic camera so that its axis of rotation coincides with the central axis of the tunnel, the trolley moves the panoramic camera's support FflIB material in the X-axis and Z-axis directions by large distances to the left and right and in the height direction. It can be configured to include a moving means.

[For production]

In the method invention, since the camera located at the center of the tunnel can photograph the inner wall surface of the tunnel in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel center axis, it is easy to obtain a tunnel development image with the same scale along the tunnel center axis. It will be done.

In addition, in the device invention, the rotational axis of the panoramic camera held by the camera mount member is aligned with the axial direction of the center of the tunnel, and the wall portion of the tunnel of a certain width that is scheduled to be photographed is illuminated by the illumination means, and the photographing preparation is made. is completed. In this state, when a panoramic camera with a slit-shaped opening is rotated around a rotational axis that coincides with the axial direction of the center of the tunnel and photographs the wall inside the tunnel, a band-shaped camera that is sliced at regular intervals can be seen. A photograph of the tunnel development can be obtained.

This photographing process is repeated at preset intervals from the tunnel entrance, and when the resulting band-shaped tunnel development photos are pasted together in order of distance from the tunnel population after removing duplicates, the inside of the tunnel is scaled at the same rate. You can create a developed photo of the entire wall.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 shows an example of a method for photographing the inner wall surface of a tunnel, in which a camera 1 with the photographing aperture la facing toward the inner wall surface of the tunnel is positioned at the center of the tunnel, and this camera l
is rotated continuously or intermittently in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel center axis c-c to take a panoramic photograph of a constant width of the tunnel inner wall surface. In FIG. 1, the shaded band is the photographing range of the tunnel inner wall surface obtained by one photographing. Therefore, if the obtained panoramic photographs of a certain width are combined in that order from the tunnel entrance to the tunnel exit, an objective and accurate unfolded photograph of the tunnel inner wall surface with the same scale along the tunnel center axis line C-C can be obtained. Therefore, using this developed photograph, it is possible to quantitatively understand the current state of the entire tunnel inner wall surface and the progress of deformation over time, which can be useful for tunnel management.

In addition to panoramic cameras with slit-shaped photographic openings (for continuous rotation photography), single-lens reflex cameras and video cameras (for intermittent rotation photography) can be used as cameras for photographing the inner walls of tunnels. Can be used. When using a video camera, inputting the obtained images into an optical disk player or a floppy disk facilitates the synthesis of tunnel development images, and allows quick searches for various deformities on the tunnel inner wall surface.

As another embodiment of the method invention, the tunnel center axis C-
A plurality of cameras are arranged on the circumference in a vertical plane centered at C, and the inner wall surface of the tunnel in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel center axis c-c is divided and photographed by these plural cameras, A developed image of a constant width of the tunnel inner wall surface may be obtained by combining the photographed divided images. With this method as well, almost the same effects as in the case of the above embodiment can be obtained.

An example of an apparatus for carrying out the first method invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In FIGS. 2 and 3, l is a panoramic camera equipped with a slit-shaped photographing opening 1a, and this panoramic camera l is attached to a vertical part 3a of an L-shaped camera mount member 3 by a cylindrical horizontal support member 2. The panoramic camera l can be rotated by 36 degrees around the horizontal center axis by a remote control motor (not shown) housed in the horizontal support member 2. The camera mount member 3 has a mirror mount member 5 erected vertically on the distal end side of the horizontal 113b for aligning the center of the reflective plane mirror 4 with the horizontal central axis of the panoramic camera 1, and a supporting member on the lower surface of the distal end side. 6 is projected downward.

As shown in the exploded perspective view of FIG. 4, a vertical plane rotation means 8 for swinging the panoramic camera 1 back and forth in a vertical plane is attached to the back side of the support material 6 via a connecting block 7. It is being As shown in FIG. 5, the vertical plane rotation means 8 includes an arcuate rotor 9 having worm teeth formed on an arcuate surface, and is rotated in forward and reverse directions by a remote control motor 11 that meshes with the worm teeth of this rotor 9. Warm 10
and a storage case 12 that stores the worm lO and covers the meshing part with the arcuate rotor 9 so that it cannot be seen from the outside. Remote control motor II is in storage case 12
It is held by a U-shaped attachment member 13 that protrudes downward from.

A horizontal plane rotation means l5 for rotating the panoramic camera l in the left-right direction is attached to the back side of the storage case 12 via a connecting block l4.

The rotation means 15 in the horizontal plane has exactly the same configuration as the rotation means 8 in the vertical plane, but is rotated by 90 degrees in the left and right direction. is integrally connected to the storage case 12 of the vertical rotation means 8 by a connecting block l4. The worm 17 that engages with the arcuate surface of the rotor 16 is attached to a U-shaped mounting member 2 that is protruded from the storage case l9.
It is rotated in forward and reverse directions by a horizontal remote control motor 18 held at zero (see FIGS. 4 and 5).

The horizontal rotation means 15 is integrally connected to a vertical slider 27 of a Z-axis drive means 22 arranged in the vertical direction by a horizontal connection member 21 fixed to the back side of the storage case 19. The two-axis drive means 22 includes a box-shaped frame member 23 with an open front side, and a screw shaft 24 held vertically in the center of the frame member 23 and rotated in forward and reverse directions by a Z-axis remote control motor 25. There are screw shafts 2 on both the left and right sides of this screw shaft 24.
4, two guide shafts 26.26 held in parallel with the threaded shaft 24, a nut block 28 threaded onto the screw shaft 24, and a pair of anti-rotation blocks 29.26 through which the guide shafts 26.26 are inserted.
29 and a vertical sliding member 27 fixed to the back side (see Fig. 3).

Therefore, when the screw shaft 24 is rotated in either the forward or reverse direction by the Z-axis remote control motor 25, the vertical slider is prevented from rotating together with the screw shaft 24 by the rotation prevention blocks 29 and 29. 27 is moved vertically along the screw shaft 24 by a nut block 28 screwed into the screw shaft 24, so that the panoramic camera l1 held on the vertical slider 27 via the horizontal connecting member 2l The inner rotating means 8 and the right and horizontal inner rotating means 15 are moved in the vertical direction together with the vertical slider 27.

The Z-axis driving means 22 is integrally connected to a horizontal slider 36 of an X-axis driving means 31 disposed laterally through a connecting block 30 on the back side of the frame member 23 . X-axis drive means 3
1 has exactly the same configuration as the Z-axis drive means 22, rotated by 90 degrees in the left-right direction, and the slider 36 is held in the center of the frame member 32 by a nut block 37 on the back side. It is screwed together with the horizontal screw shaft 33 and is prevented from rotating by a rotation prevention block 38.38 through which the guide shaft 35.35, which is held parallel above and below the screw shaft 33, is inserted (see Fig. 3). 》.

Therefore, when the screw shaft 33 is rotated in either the forward or reverse direction by the X-axis remote control motor 34, the Z-axis driving means 22, which holds the panoramic camera 1 rotatably in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane, It is moved in the left and right direction together with the slider 36.

Reference numeral 39 denotes a support member fixed to the back side of the X-axis drive means 3l, and the X-axis drive means 3l supports the cart 4l placed on the rail through this support member 39 in the height direction and left and right. It is held by an L-shaped arm 40 that is configured to be able to move largely in both directions. The movement of the L-shaped arm 40 with respect to the truck 4l is performed, for example, by the configuration shown in FIGS. 2 and 6.

Wheels 43 are mounted on a horizontal board 42 fixed to the upper surface of the trolley 4l.
．． A pair of guide members 45 are provided parallel to the wheel shaft 44 connecting the wheels 43, and these guide members 45
．． A slide table 46 that can be slid on the slide table 45 is attached to the top surface of the slide table 46 so as not to fall off, and the slide table 46 is moved to an arbitrary position along the force slide members 45. Mesle flake means 47.47 are fitted for positioning the position.

48 is a vertical support installed on the top surface of the slide table 46, and in the center of the front side of this support 48,
A screw shaft 50 with a trapezoidal screw is rotatably provided between the protruding top plate 49 fixed to the upper end of the column 48 and the slide table 46, and parallel to the screw shaft 50 is provided on both left and right sides of the screw shaft 50. A guide shaft 51.51 is held. The L-shaped arm 40 is provided with a nut block 52 screwed onto the screw shaft 50 and rotation prevention blocks 53.53 through which guide shafts 51.51 on both the left and right sides of the nut block 52 are inserted, on the back side of the connection i40a to the column 48. It is being screw shaft 50
When the nut block 52 , which is screwed into the L-shaped arm 40 and rotatably held by the lower spring 54 of the L-shaped arm 40 , is rotated by the meshing of the bevel gears by hand-turning the handle 550 , the L-shaped arm 40 is rotated along the threaded shaft 50 . is configured to be moved in the vertical direction.

In the L-shaped arm 40, an illumination means 56 including a plurality of illumination lights 57 that illuminates the inner wall surface of the tunnel almost uniformly is attached to the tip side of the camera support 1 m 40b that protrudes in the moving direction of the trolley 41. . A plurality of illumination lights 57 have their central axes aligned with the panoramic camera 1 at the upper end of the support column 58.
They are attached to the surface of a horizontal short cylindrical tube 59 held so as to substantially coincide with the center axis of the tunnel, in a direction that illuminates the inner wall surface of the tunnel at set intervals. However, this illumination means 56 does not necessarily need to be attached to the camera support portion 40b of the L-shaped arm 40, and may be provided separately from the L-shaped arm 40.

In order to align the horizontal central axis of the panoramic camera l with the central axis of the tunnel, for example, a firing device A that emits a laser beam (Fig. 7) and a reflecting device B (Fig. 8) that reflects the laser beam are used. It will be done.

For example, a He-Ne laser is used as the laser beam. In the laser beam emitting device A, a tripod 6l with an elevator is placed on a tripod base 60, and a beam expander 64 is attached to a first pan head 63A attached to an XY stage 62 on the top of the tripod 61. A He-Ne laser 65 coupled with is attached so as to be rotatable in the front-back and left-right directions. beam expander 64
In front of the target acrylic plate 6 is mounted on a stand 66 held by a second pan head 63B attached to a tripod 6l.
7 is set vertically.

The laser beam reflection device B has a structure in which a tripod 69 with an elevator is placed on a tripod base 68, and an acrylic plate 7l for a target is vertically set on a stand 70 held by the top of this tripod 69. ing.

Next, photographing of the inner wall surface of a tunnel using the apparatus of this embodiment will be explained with reference to FIG.

First, measure the center of the tunnel with steel tape, etc., and then move the acrylic plate 67.71 for a laser target held on a tripod 61.69 to a set distance, for example, about 100 m on a straight rail section and 30 m on a curved rail section. The laser beams are set at the center of the tunnel at intervals of about 100 mm, and the laser beams are set so as to pass through the acrylic plates 67 and 71 on both the starting point side and the ending point side.

After the laser beam has been set, a panoramic camera l with a reflective plane mirror 4 attached to a trolley 4l is installed between the target acrylic plates 67 and 71, and the path of the reflected laser by the reflective plane mirror 4 is set to the path of the incident laser. The panoramic camera 1 is set so that its axis of rotation coincides with the central axis C--C of the tunnel. In this case, the reflected laser is guided by the X-axis driving means 3
1 and the Z-axis driving hand 22 in the width direction and height direction of the tunnel, and the rotation in the horizontal direction and the longitudinal direction by the rotation means 15 in the horizontal plane and the rotation means 8 in the vertical plane. This is done by

When the panoramic camera 1 is set on the central axis C-C of the tunnel, the illumination means 56 illuminates the tunnel inner wall surface of the imaging section, and the panoramic camera 1 is turned on by remote control of the remote control motor housed in the horizontal support member 2. A panoramic photograph of a constant width of the tunnel inner wall surface is taken while rotating 360 degrees around the central axis c-c of the tunnel.

If the above operation is repeated at regular intervals, for example every 2m, from the tunnel population to the exit, the tunnel inner wall surface will be
A large number of panoramic photo units taken around m are obtained.

When these unit photos are pasted together so that the arch crowns of the tunnels match and the length directions of the tunnels do not overlap, a developed photograph of the tunnel inner wall surface as shown in FIG. 10 is obtained. This developed photograph may be converted into a developed drawing to facilitate inspection and management of the tunnel.
When the inner wall of the tunnel is photographed with a video camera, the image may be input to an optical disc player or a floppy disc.

The developed photograph or developed drawing of the tunnel inner wall surface obtained in this way is photographed while maintaining a constant positional relationship along the central axis C1C of the tunnel, so the scale at which the unit photograph was taken is are all the same. Therefore, developed photographs or developed drawings can be used for tunnel management as objective, accurate materials with respective scales.

Therefore, by comparing the length, shape, spread range, etc. of various defects recorded in developed photographs or developed drawings of the tunnel inner wall surface, it is possible to judge the soundness of the tunnel over its entire length under the same conditions. can be done. In addition, by comparing developed photos or developed drawings of the same tunnel taken after a certain period of time, it is possible to numerically understand the progress of deformation in terms of the length, shape, and extent of various defects. It is possible to reliably manage changes over time.

Furthermore, if a deformation is overlooked in the conventional development diagram, which is created by visual inspection, it can be checked by looking at the development photograph, and management oversights can be eliminated.

Furthermore, if images taken with a video camera are managed with an optical disc player or floppy disk, it is possible to search for various deformities along the entire length of the tunnel inner wall surface, such as ■Displayed photos by distance from the tunnel entrance or lining number, etc.
Searching the position of developed drawings, ■ Comparing past developed photos or developed drawings by superimposing them, ■ Calculating the total length of cracks in a certain section, ■ Distinguishing between vertical cracks and horizontal cracks, and calculating their extension, etc. be able to.

In the above embodiment, the vertical plane rotation means 8, the horizontal plane rotation means 15, the two-axis drive means 22, and the X-axis drive means 3
The arrangement order of 1 may be reversed. Further, the support member of the panoramic camera 1 does not necessarily need to be held on the trolley 41, and the means for moving in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction provided on the trolley 4l may be omitted. Furthermore, instead of rotating the panoramic camera l, a plurality of cameras may be installed on the circumference of the rotation axis, and the panoramic photos may be created by stitching together photos taken while the camera is stationary.

Note that the rotation means 8.15 for rotating the panoramic camera l in the vertical plane and in the horizontal plane, and the drive means 31.22 for moving it in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, have the configurations shown in this example. It goes without saying that the configuration is not limited to <<, and other configurations may be used.

〔Effect of the invention〕

Since this invention is configured as described above, it achieves the following effects.

Claim 10: In the method of photographing the inner wall surface of a tunnel, one camera located at the center of the tunnel is rotated continuously or intermittently in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel center axis to capture a constant width of the inner wall surface of the tunnel. Since it is possible to obtain a developed image, by repeating this shooting method at set intervals from the tunnel entrance to the exit and combining the obtained panoramic images,
It is possible to efficiently create a developed image of the tunnel inner wall surface with good dimensional accuracy at the same scale along the tunnel center axis, which can be useful for tunnel management.

In the method of photographing the inner wall surface of a tunnel according to claim 20, a plurality of cameras are arranged on the circumference in a vertical plane centered on the tunnel center axis line to photograph the inner wall surface of the tunnel.
It is possible to obtain a constant zero-radius developed image of the inner wall surface of the F tunnel without pulling or rotating the camera along the tunnel center axis line, and the same effect as in claim 11 and 6 can be achieved. .

Claim 30: Tunnel inner wall photographing device)
The Norama camera is equipped with a slit-shaped photographic opening.
Since it is possible to rotate around the central axis of the tunnel and take a panoramic photo of a fixed width of the tunnel's inner wall, it is possible to stitch together a large number of panoramic photos taken along the length of the tunnel so that they do not overlap in the order in which they were taken. If they are combined using other means, it is possible to create a scaled developed photograph (or developed drawing) of the tunnel's inner wall surface.

By using this developed photograph (or developed drawing), you can objectively judge the soundness of the entire length of the tunnel inner wall under the same conditions, or use two or more developed photos (or developed drawings) created at different intervals. By comparing the above, it is possible to quantitatively understand the progress of deformation and manage it in chronological order.

Furthermore, by managing developed photos taken with a video camera using an optical disk player or floppy disk, it becomes possible to search for various deformities over the entire length of the tunnel inner wall surface.

Claim 40: In the tunnel inner wall photographing device, a reflecting plane mirror for reflecting a laser beam is provided at the -° end of the camera mount member, so that the rotational axis of the panoramic camera can be easily aligned with the central axis of the tunnel. I can do it.

In the tunnel inner wall photographing device according to claim 50, since the panoramic camera is provided on a trolley that moves on a rail, it is possible to efficiently take a panoramic photograph of the tunnel inner wall.

Claim 60: In the device for photographing the inner wall surface of a tunnel, the trolley is provided with moving means in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction for largely moving the support member in the left and right directions and in the height direction, respectively.
The panoramic camera can be quickly positioned between two target acrylic plates or not positioned.

4. T! Brief description of the first aspect FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a method of photographing the inner wall surface of a tunnel according to an embodiment of the method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 3 4 is an exploded perspective view of the main part, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional front view of the camera rotation means, FIG. 6 is a side view of the trolley, and FIG. 7 is a view of the laser beam emitting device. FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the laser beam reflector; FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the photographing state of the inner wall of a tunnel by an embodiment of the device of the present invention; and FIG. 10 is the developed photograph obtained. It is a drawing showing an example of a developed view created based on.

1...(Panorama) camera 1a...Slit-shaped photographing opening 3...Camera mount member 4...Planar reflection II 6...Supporting member 8
... Vertical plane rotation means l5... Horizontal plane rotation means 22... Z-axis drive means 3l... X-axis drive means 4l... Bogie sailor Kinki Nippon Railway Co., Ltd.

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) A camera located at the center of the tunnel is rotated continuously or intermittently in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel center axis to photograph the tunnel inner wall surface, and the width of the tunnel inner wall surface perpendicular to the tunnel center axis is fixed. A method for photographing an inner wall surface of a tunnel, which is characterized by obtaining a developed image of a tunnel. (2) The inner wall surface of the tunnel in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel center axis is divided and photographed using multiple cameras arranged on the circumference in a vertical plane centered on the tunnel center axis. A method for photographing an inner wall of a tunnel, characterized in that a developed image of a constant width of the inner wall of a tunnel is obtained by combining images. (3) In a panoramic camera equipped with a slit-shaped photographing aperture, the photographing aperture is held by a camera mount member so as to be rotatable within a vertical plane, and the camera mount member is vertically rotated so that the panoramic camera can be rotated in the front and back and left and right directions. It is coupled to an in-plane rotation means and a horizontal plane rotation means, and one of these rotation means includes an
What is claimed is: 1. A photographing device for photographing an inner wall surface of a tunnel, characterized in that the panoramic camera is coupled to a shaft drive means, and one of these drive means is held by a support member that positions the panoramic camera near the center of the tunnel. (4) The inner wall surface of the tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the camera mount member is provided with a plane reflecting mirror for positioning that reflects the laser beam in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal axis along which the panoramic camera is rotated. Photography equipment. (5) The photographing device for an inner wall surface of a tunnel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the supporting member of the driving means is provided on a moving truck placed on a rail. (6) Any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the trolley is provided with moving means in the X-axis direction and Z-axis direction to largely move the support member in the left and right directions and in the height direction, respectively.
The device for photographing the inner wall of the tunnel described in .