JPH0337150A - Production of light-weight ceramic building material - Google Patents

Production of light-weight ceramic building material

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Publication number
JPH0337150A
JPH0337150A JP16883189A JP16883189A JPH0337150A JP H0337150 A JPH0337150 A JP H0337150A JP 16883189 A JP16883189 A JP 16883189A JP 16883189 A JP16883189 A JP 16883189A JP H0337150 A JPH0337150 A JP H0337150A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
dam
clay
soil
ceramic
firing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP16883189A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2883636B2 (en
Inventor
Kyoji Okayama
岡山 恭二
Hisanori Miyawaki
宮脇 久則
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MIYAWAKI GUREIZU KOGYO KK
Electric Power Development Co Ltd
Original Assignee
MIYAWAKI GUREIZU KOGYO KK
Electric Power Development Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MIYAWAKI GUREIZU KOGYO KK, Electric Power Development Co Ltd filed Critical MIYAWAKI GUREIZU KOGYO KK
Priority to JP16883189A priority Critical patent/JP2883636B2/en
Publication of JPH0337150A publication Critical patent/JPH0337150A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2883636B2 publication Critical patent/JP2883636B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。
(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

[産業上の利用分野] 本発明は、有機物及びFe2O3分が多く可塑性がない
ダム堆積土を主成分とする原料を乾式成形法を採用する
ことにより、窯業建材品、特に軽量瓦を製造する方法に
関する。
[Industrial Application Field] The present invention is a method for manufacturing ceramic building materials, especially lightweight roof tiles, by employing a dry molding method for a raw material whose main component is dam sediment soil, which is rich in organic matter and Fe2O3 and has no plasticity. Regarding.

【従来の技術】[Conventional technology]

窯業製品は、プラスチック製の代替製品などが多く出現
している今日でも根強い人気を保ち我々の生活上欠くこ
とできない有用なものであるが、ただ製品の重量を規制
し一定の重さ以下にすることは、用いる原料と強度との
関係できわめて困難であり、そのことが用途などを制限
することともなり欠点となっている。 例えば、建材品特に屋根用陶器瓦の場合は、最近一戸建
て住宅にもブリハブ工法が多く取り入れられている結果
として軽量化が望まれ25〜30kg/m2位が適当と
されてきており、従来の40〜45kg / m2の物
では重すぎるのであるが、そのためにセメント系の新生
屋根材が現われ一部これにとってかわっているのである
。 しかし、この屋根材も、材質の関係で約10年程度で劣
化が起こったり、表面の色彩が4〜5年で褪色するなど
耐候性にかけるという欠点があるため、本発明者は、研
究の上特開昭61−191553号公報に記載されるよ
うな軽量で耐候性のある陶器瓦を既に開発・提供してき
たが、この公報に述べられているもの(実施例)は、材
質の強度上の制約からせいぜい32 kg / m2の
重さまでしか軽量化できていない。 他方、この種窯業建材品の分野においては、最近原料粘
土の枯渇問題への対応策とダム浚渫後の廃土対策とが噛
み合って、原料資源の一部としてダム堆積土の利用が試
みられているが、この土は、含有無機成分の関係で高強
度の窯業製品を与える°ことが期待できるものの、有機
物を多く含み可塑性がなくかつ焼成時の熱コントロール
が難しいため湿式押出し成形はまず不可能であり、従来
の粘土に混ぜて通常の成形法及び焼成法が検討されてい
るだけでまだ具体的な製品がでているわけではない。こ
のように、その利用は、必ずしも成功しているとはいえ
ず、ただ、粘土に対する増量材としての役割りを果たし
ているにすぎず、まだまだダム堆積土の本来の性質を生
かしきってはいないのである。 [発明が解決しようとする課題1 本発明は、このような背景の下に、窯業建材品特に陶器
瓦などについての上記欠点を改善し、製品の高強度はそ
のまま保ちつつより軽量化あるいは高品質化を図らんと
するものである。 [課題を解決するための手段] そこで、本発明者は、全く発想を転換して、若しこのダ
ム堆積土を主に用いて窯業製品を製造することができれ
ば、その場合には高強度のものが期待できるのであるか
ら、製品の薄肉化すなわち軽量化も達成できる筈である
と考え、そのダム堆積土に適した独特の成形法の開発を
母指して鋭意検討の結呆、本発明に至ったものであり、
初めてこのダム堆積土から軽量窯業建材品を製造する方
法を確立し得たものである。 すなわち本発明は、有機物及びFe2O3分が多く可塑
性がないダム堆積土を主成分とする原料を薄肉状として
乾式成形したのち、1000〜1250℃で焼成するこ
とにより軽量窯業建材品を製造する方法である。 まず、ここで用いるダム堆積土とは、一般にダムの湖底
に堆積された粘土分を含む土粒子のことであり、シルト
分が多く化学組成範囲は、8102 ; 53−1〜7
2.0%、A1203; 14.0〜20.3%。 CaO+MgO+ Fe2O3+ Na2O+に20 
; 10.6〜20.8%であり、RILEYの発泡す
る粘土の化学組成範囲(Si02 ; 50〜75%、
Al2O3;15〜30%、CaO十Mgo+Fe2O
3+Na2O+に20;10〜20%)に入っており、
焼過ぎると発泡するといわれる。 またFe2O3量は3.27〜11.5%(平均5.6
4%)と三浦粘土の3.58%に比べて多く含有してお
り、焼成後の呈色は濃い赤色ないしブラウン色を示す。 なお、5i02及びA1□03量に比べて融剤として作
用するCab、 MgO,Fe2O3、Na2O及びに
20量を多く含有しているため耐火度は5K4a〜9と
低い。 鉱物組成は、長石、石英、カオリナイト鉱物及び雲母鉱
物を多く含み、特にFe2O3成分と有機物が多いこと
を特徴とするものである。また焼成後の素地中に赤鉄鉱
が認められるなどの特徴もある。 さらに、従来の素地土と違って上記のとおり可塑性が乏
しく湿式土練、抜き出し成形が困難である。焼成収縮が
大きく特に一定温度以上になると発泡するものもある。 我が国では各地にダムが設けられているが、どこのダム
堆積土も以上のような性質を共通的に備えており、本発
明に有効に用いられる。 本発明においては、このダム堆積土を主原料として必要
に応じて従来からの三浦粘土や、長石、陶石、珪石等の
天然原料、さらに必要に応じて陶磁器焼成品の破砕物(
シャモット、シェルベンと称するものを含む)等を加え
混合して用いるが、通常の湿式成形法と違って15〜2
5%もの水を用いることはせず、水の使用はせいぜい8
%までにとどめてブレス成形するのである。 この成形法を本発明では乾式成形法と称するのであって
、製品の強度と均質性が得られにくく今まで窯業建材品
の場合には用いられてこなかった方法であるが、このダ
ム堆積土の場合には、驚くべきことに従来からの湿式成
形法は全く適用できず、却ってこの乾式成形法により高
強度製品が簡単に得られることがわかったのである。 従って、本発明ではダム堆積土だけを用いる場合を理想
とするが、収縮率調整などの目的で通常の粘土なども5
0%までであれば配合することができるが、この場合は
20〜40%位が望ましい。 なお、用途などにより更に陶石、長石、珪砂なども加え
ることができるが、いずれにしても、強度や吸水率など
が低下しない範囲にとどめる必要がある。 成形時の厚さについては、本発明の目的から薄肉もので
なければならず、5mm〜8mm程度のものが最も適し
ているが、素地の組成や工程を工夫すれば2mm〜30
mm程度もしくはそれ以上のものまで可能である。 従って、本発明は、このように薄肉状の建材品の製造に
利用でき、例えば軽量瓦のばか軽量の内外装材や床材な
ども製造することができる。 焼成温度は、1000〜1250℃であるが、1130
℃前後が特に好適である。 [実施例A] 以下、特に軽量瓦に関する実施例により本発明をさらに
詳しく説明する。 実施例1〜6 第1表に成分割合が示される佐久間ダムのダム堆積土だ
けを使用し、乾式成形法により第2表に示す焼成温度で
陶器瓦を製造した。得られた製品の性質をその第2表に
まとめて示した。 実施例7〜12 第1表に成分割合が示される佐久間ダムのダム堆積土に
同表に示される三浦粘土を全体の25%配合し、第2表
に示す条件の乾式成形法で陶器瓦を製造した。得られた
製品の性質を第2表にまとめて示した。 [実施例B] 次に円板への利用に関する実施例について説明する。 去急思 13〜20 第1表に示されるダム堆積土と長石、陶石、粘土とを用
いて乾式成形法により、第3表に示す調合割合と温度で
、陶板と製造した。得られた製品の性質をその第3表に
まとめて示した。 第3表 比較例1 比較のため三浦粘土のみを湿式成形法を採用し、111
0℃の焼成温度で厚さ13 mmの陶器瓦を製造した。 得られた製品の性質は次のとおりであった。 吸水率  6.2% 強度   142.Okgf/ cm”重量   43
.4 kg / m2 比較例2 比較のため三浦粘土と佐久間ダム堆積土との90:10
.80 :20.70:30及び60 :40 (いず
れも重量比)の配合を用いて、湿式土練機で混練し、そ
れぞれ肉厚(mm ) 14.13.13及び14、含
水率(%) 17.6.17.2.15.3及び15.
1で、押し出し成形し、11206Cのトンネル窯で焼
成したところ、中心部に黒い炭化部分が残り発泡してふ
くれあがった。 比較例3 比較のため三浦粘土60%と佐久間ダム堆積土40%と
を用いて、湿式真空土練機で混練し、寸法220mmX
 100 mm X 60 mmの成形体を押し出し成
形し、11206Cのトンネル室で焼成したところ、中
心部に黒い炭化部分が残り発泡してふくれあがった。 比較例4 比較のため三浦粘土のみを乾式酸形法を採用し、111
0℃の焼成温度で陶器瓦を製造してみたが、十分に焼結
せず、吸水率、強度ともに満足できる製品は得られなか
った。
Ceramic products remain extremely popular and indispensable and useful in our daily lives even today, despite the emergence of many plastic substitute products, but it is important to regulate the weight of products and keep them below a certain weight This is extremely difficult due to the relationship between the raw materials used and their strength, and this is a drawback as it limits its uses. For example, in the case of building materials, especially ceramic tiles for roofs, as a result of the recent adoption of the Brihab construction method in single-family homes, a weight reduction of 25 to 30 kg/m2 is considered appropriate, compared to the conventional 40 kg/m2. A material weighing ~45 kg/m2 is too heavy, which is why new cement-based roofing materials have appeared and are replacing this in some areas. However, this roofing material also has drawbacks such as deterioration after about 10 years due to the material, and poor weather resistance such as the surface color fading after 4 to 5 years. We have already developed and provided lightweight and weather-resistant ceramic tiles such as those described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 191553/1983, but the ones (examples) described in this publication are not good due to the strength of the material. Due to these constraints, the weight can only be reduced to 32 kg/m2 at most. On the other hand, in the field of ceramic building materials, efforts have recently been made to utilize dam soil as part of raw material resources, as measures to address the depletion of raw material clay and measures to deal with waste soil after dam dredging have been linked. Although this clay is expected to produce high-strength ceramic products due to the inorganic components it contains, wet extrusion molding is almost impossible because it contains a lot of organic matter, has no plasticity, and is difficult to control the heat during firing. However, only the usual molding and firing methods of mixing it with conventional clay have been considered, and no concrete products have been produced yet. In this way, it cannot be said that its use has necessarily been successful; it merely serves as a filler for clay, and the original properties of the dam deposited soil are not yet fully utilized. be. [Problem to be Solved by the Invention 1] Against this background, the present invention aims to improve the above-mentioned drawbacks of ceramic building materials, especially ceramic tiles, and to make the product lighter or of higher quality while maintaining its high strength. The aim is to make this happen. [Means for Solving the Problems] Therefore, the inventor of the present invention completely changed his thinking and decided that if it were possible to manufacture ceramic products mainly using this dam deposited soil, in that case, it would be possible to manufacture ceramic products with high strength. Since the product is promising, we thought that it would be possible to make the product thinner and therefore lighter.As a result of our intensive research, we aimed to develop a unique molding method suitable for the dam deposited soil, and the present invention was created. It has come to pass,
This is the first time that we have been able to establish a method for producing lightweight ceramic building materials from dam sediment. That is, the present invention is a method for manufacturing lightweight ceramic building materials by dry-forming a raw material whose main component is dam sediment soil, which is rich in organic matter and Fe2O3 and has no plasticity, into a thin wall shape, and then firing at 1000 to 1250°C. be. First, the dam sediment soil used here refers to soil particles containing clay that are generally deposited on the bottom of a dam lake, with a high silt content and a chemical composition range of 8102; 53-1 to 7.
2.0%, A1203; 14.0-20.3%. 20 for CaO+MgO+ Fe2O3+ Na2O+
; 10.6-20.8%, and the chemical composition range of RILEY's foaming clay (Si02; 50-75%;
Al2O3; 15-30%, CaO + Mgo + Fe2O
3 + Na2O + 20; 10-20%),
It is said that if it is overcooked, it will foam. In addition, the amount of Fe2O3 is 3.27 to 11.5% (average 5.6%
4%) compared to 3.58% of Miura clay, and the color after firing is deep red to brown. In addition, since it contains 20 more amounts of Cab, MgO, Fe2O3, Na2O, and others that act as fluxes than the amounts of 5i02 and A1□03, the refractory degree is low at 5K4a to 9. The mineral composition is characterized by a high content of feldspar, quartz, kaolinite minerals, and mica minerals, and in particular a high content of Fe2O3 components and organic matter. It is also characterized by the presence of hematite in the base after firing. Furthermore, unlike conventional base soil, it has poor plasticity as mentioned above, making wet kneading and extrusion molding difficult. Some materials exhibit large shrinkage during firing and foam, especially when the temperature exceeds a certain temperature. In Japan, dams are built in various places, and the soil deposited in each dam has the above-mentioned properties in common, and can be effectively used in the present invention. In the present invention, this dam deposited soil is used as the main raw material, and if necessary, conventional natural raw materials such as Miura clay, feldspar, pottery stone, and silica stone, and crushed ceramic fired products (
(including those called chamotte and shelben), etc. are added and mixed, but unlike the normal wet molding method,
Do not use as much as 5% water, and use only 8% water at most.
%, and press molding is performed. This forming method is referred to as the dry forming method in the present invention, and it is a method that has not been used for ceramic building materials because it is difficult to obtain product strength and homogeneity. In this case, it was surprisingly found that the conventional wet molding method was not applicable at all, and on the contrary, a high-strength product could be easily obtained by this dry molding method. Therefore, in the present invention, it is ideal to use only dam deposited soil, but for the purpose of adjusting the shrinkage rate, ordinary clay etc. can also be used.
It can be blended up to 0%, but in this case it is preferably about 20 to 40%. Furthermore, depending on the intended use, potter's stone, feldspar, silica sand, etc. may be added, but in any case, it is necessary to keep the amount within a range that does not reduce strength, water absorption, etc. Regarding the thickness during molding, it must be thin for the purpose of the present invention, and a thickness of about 5 mm to 8 mm is most suitable, but it can be made from 2 mm to 30 mm if the composition of the base material and the process are devised.
It is possible to have a diameter of about mm or more. Therefore, the present invention can be used to manufacture such thin-walled building materials, for example, lightweight interior and exterior materials such as lightweight roof tiles, flooring materials, and the like. The firing temperature is 1000 to 1250°C, but 1130°C
A temperature around ℃ is particularly suitable. [Example A] Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an example particularly related to a lightweight roof tile. Examples 1 to 6 Ceramic tiles were manufactured using only the dam deposited soil from Sakuma Dam whose component proportions are shown in Table 1 by dry molding at the firing temperatures shown in Table 2. The properties of the obtained product are summarized in Table 2. Examples 7 to 12 25% of the Miura clay shown in the same table was mixed with the dam sediment soil of Sakuma Dam whose component ratio is shown in Table 1, and ceramic tiles were made by dry forming method under the conditions shown in Table 2. Manufactured. The properties of the obtained product are summarized in Table 2. [Example B] Next, an example regarding use in a disc will be described. 13-20 Ceramic plates were manufactured using the dam sediment soil shown in Table 1, feldspar, pottery stone, and clay by a dry molding method at the mixing ratio and temperature shown in Table 3. The properties of the obtained product are summarized in Table 3. Table 3 Comparative Example 1 For comparison, only Miura clay was used by wet molding method, and 111
Ceramic tiles with a thickness of 13 mm were manufactured at a firing temperature of 0°C. The properties of the obtained product were as follows. Water absorption rate 6.2% Strength 142. Okgf/cm” Weight 43
.. 4 kg/m2 Comparative Example 2 For comparison, 90:10 of Miura clay and Sakuma Dam sedimentary soil
.. Mixtures of 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 (both weight ratios) were used to knead with a wet clay mixer, and the wall thickness (mm) was 14, 13, 13 and 14, and the water content (%), respectively. 17.6.17.2.15.3 and 15.
1, when it was extruded and fired in a 11206C tunnel kiln, a black carbonized part remained in the center and it foamed and swelled. Comparative Example 3 For comparison, 60% Miura clay and 40% Sakuma Dam sedimentary soil were kneaded using a wet vacuum clay kneading machine, and the size was 220 mm.
When a 100 mm x 60 mm molded body was extruded and fired in a tunnel chamber of 11206C, a black carbonized part remained in the center and it foamed and swelled. Comparative Example 4 For comparison, only Miura clay was subjected to the dry acid form method, and 111
An attempt was made to manufacture ceramic tiles at a firing temperature of 0°C, but the sintering was not sufficient and a product with satisfactory water absorption and strength could not be obtained.

【発明の効果】【Effect of the invention】

本発明は、上記の構成をとることにより実施例にも裏付
けられる次のとおりの優れた効果を奏するのである。 (1)従来の粘土やこれを主とした原料を用いる湿式成
形法による窯業建材品の場合に比べて、ダム堆積土の特
徴として薄肉でも十分な強度が保たれるので、かなりの
軽量化が期待できる。 (2)特に軽量瓦の場合は、軽量の新生屋根材と違って
釉薬を施すことが可能であり、この釉は、ガラス質であ
るため経時褪色がなく、美観が損なわれない。 (3)焼結性がよく、吸水率の小さい陶器瓦が得られる
ことから、特に耐寒瓦への利用が期待できる。 (4)このように焼結性がよく、さらに強度も大きいの
であるから、陶板や内外装材、床材にも利用できる。 (5)また、焼結性がよいことから低温化即ちエネルギ
ーの節減が期待できる。 (6)焼成条件は、酸化焼成と還元焼成のいずれの条件
も設定できるから、その条件の選択によって色合いの異
なった建材品が製造できる。 以上の技術効果を備えるとともに、上記したとおり以下
の懸案問題も解決されるのであるから、きわめて有用な
発明といえよう。 (7)ダム堆積土の有効利用が図れる。このことは、ダ
ム埋没対策と廃土公害対策の双方を同時に解決するもの
である。 (8)窯業建材品の原料の枯渇問題の解決が図れる。
By adopting the above configuration, the present invention achieves the following excellent effects, which are also supported by the examples. (1) Compared to conventional ceramic building materials manufactured by wet molding using clay or clay-based raw materials, dam deposited soil maintains sufficient strength even with thin walls, resulting in considerable weight reduction. You can expect it. (2) Especially in the case of lightweight tiles, unlike lightweight new roofing materials, it is possible to apply a glaze, and since this glaze is glassy, it does not fade over time and does not impair its aesthetic appearance. (3) Since a ceramic tile with good sinterability and low water absorption can be obtained, it is expected to be particularly useful for cold-resistant tiles. (4) Since it has good sinterability and high strength, it can be used for ceramic plates, interior and exterior materials, and flooring materials. (5) Also, since it has good sintering properties, it can be expected to lower the temperature, that is, save energy. (6) Since the firing conditions can be set to either oxidation firing or reduction firing, building materials with different hues can be manufactured depending on the selection of the conditions. It can be said to be an extremely useful invention because it not only provides the above technical effects, but also solves the following pending problems as described above. (7) Effective use of dam sediments can be achieved. This simultaneously solves both dam siltation countermeasures and waste soil pollution countermeasures. (8) The problem of depletion of raw materials for ceramic building materials can be solved.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)有機物及びFe_2O_3分が多く可塑性がない
ダム堆積土を主成分とする原料を乾式成形したのち、1
000〜1250℃で焼成することを特徴とする軽量窯
業建材品の製造方法。
(1) After dry-forming the raw material whose main component is dam sediment soil that has a lot of organic matter and Fe_2O_3 and has no plasticity, 1
A method for manufacturing lightweight ceramic building materials, characterized by firing at a temperature of 000 to 1250°C.
JP16883189A 1989-06-30 1989-06-30 Manufacturing method of lightweight ceramic building materials Expired - Lifetime JP2883636B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP16883189A JP2883636B2 (en) 1989-06-30 1989-06-30 Manufacturing method of lightweight ceramic building materials

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP16883189A JP2883636B2 (en) 1989-06-30 1989-06-30 Manufacturing method of lightweight ceramic building materials

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0337150A true JPH0337150A (en) 1991-02-18
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107721340A (en) * 2017-10-23 2018-02-23 遵义县黔涂涂料厂 A kind of construction material

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107721340A (en) * 2017-10-23 2018-02-23 遵义县黔涂涂料厂 A kind of construction material

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