JPH0341348A - Formation measuring method and measurement control method using same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To objectively evaluate formation more accurately as a plane but not a point by catching the image due to the light transmitted through a required area by a camera to project the same as a transmitted light image. CONSTITUTION:The image due to the light emitted from a stroboscope 2 and transmitted through a required area is caught by a camera 3 to be projected on the display device 6 of an image processing operation apparatus 5 as a transmitted light image. The projected transmitted light image is divided into a required number of windows having a required size and the mean value of densities at every window and the primary dispersion of the densities at every window are calculated from the respective densities of the pixels present in each of the windows. Further, the mean values of the primary dispersions of the densities as the whole of the windows, the dispersion of the mean values of the densities at every respective windows and the secondary dispersion of the densities as the whole of the windows are calculated. Either one of the mean value of the primary dispersions, the dispersion of the mean values of the densities at every windows and the secondary dispersion of said mean values or the combination of two or more of them is calculated as the coefficient of formation and the quantization of formation is performed more accurately.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention grasps the unevenness of transmitted light through paper as a planar image, evaluates the properties and quality of paper, and uses ground measurement that can be used as a control means for improving quality. The present invention relates to a method and a ground control method using the ground measuring method.

[Prior art] The quality of the paper texture (minor thickness unevenness) means the quality of the variation in fibers in the sheet, and generally a sample sheet is placed on an inspection box with a built-in light source. , by visually inspecting its transparency distribution.

Although this method is widely used in each factory, it is largely subjective and requires sufficient knowledge and long experience to make a determination, resulting in individual differences in test results.

For this reason, a ground total as shown in Fig. 12 has conventionally been devised and actually used, and the top and bottom heads are placed at the top and bottom positions of the running paper a whose ground is to be measured, with the top and bottom heads sandwiching the paper a. b
, c are disposed in the lower head C, and a light source d such as a laser connected to a power source and a mirror f for irradiating the light e from the light source d onto the paper a are provided in the lower head C. A photocell j is provided inside b to receive the light e transmitted through the paper a through a mirror 9, a filter h1, and a lens i.

As a result, the light e emitted from the light source d is irradiated onto the paper a through the mirror r, and the light e transmitted through the paper a is transmitted through the mirror 9,
The light enters a photocell j through a filter h and a lens i, is converted into a voltage, and is output, and the voltage value is displayed as a formation index with respect to time as shown in FIG.

Furthermore, once the formation index is measured, humans make judgments based on the formation index and appropriately change the jet wire ratio (J/W ratio), etc., so that the formation becomes good. .

[Problem to be Solved by the Invention] However, in the above-mentioned area, the diameter of the light e emitted from the light source d to the paper a is 1 ml11. By processing the fluctuations in the transmitted light level as a flock size, it is quantified as the texture of paper a, but it is too difficult to make an overall judgment as seen by human vision. However, the judgment sample was too small and the formation could not be accurately determined.

In addition, regarding formation control, the J/W ratio etc. are only adjusted by trial and error, and the control is based on measurement results that do not grasp the total area. It has not been easy to improve the quality of

In view of these circumstances, the present invention provides a method for measuring texture that can objectively evaluate texture as a surface rather than as a point, and for improving the quality of paper based on the detection results of the texture measurement method. The purpose is to provide an efficient ground control method.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention captures an image of light emitted from a strobe and transmitted through a required area of paper with a camera, displays it as a transmitted light image on a display device of an image processing arithmetic device, and also displays the image on the display device of the image processing arithmetic device. Divide the transmitted light image projected into windows of the required size and number of windows, and calculate the average value of the density for each window and the linear variance of the density for each window from each density of the pixels existing in each window. Furthermore, the average value of the linear variance of the density for the entire window, the variance of the average value of the density for each window, and the quadratic variance of the density for the entire window are calculated, and the 1st variance of the density for the entire window is calculated. Any one of the average value of the order variance, the variance of the average value of the concentration for each window, and the quadratic variance of the concentration for the entire window, or two.
This method relates to a formation measurement method characterized by using a combination of three or more as a formation coefficient, and also performs calculations for image processing by capturing an image of light emitted from a strobe and transmitted through a required area of paper with a camera. A ground measurement method characterized by projecting a transmitted light image on a display device of an apparatus, and digitizing the transmitted light image projected on the display device to determine whether there is dust or holes in the paper. In addition, based on experimental data conducted in advance, multiple membership functions are used to identify multiple levels of moth quality from worst to best based on the degree to which it applies to the formation coefficient of paper. curve and a plurality of control functions that correspond to each membership function curve for specifying the quality of the paper and indicate the degree to which the curve applies to each change in the J/W ratio, foil angle, and deflector push amount. Membership function curves are determined in advance, and the degree of matching is determined at each intersection between the formation coefficient measured by the formation measurement method and each membership function curve for specifying the quality of the paper. , each J/W is first calculated from each control membership function curve indicating the amount of J/W ratio change corresponding to the degree of each matching.
In addition to obtaining the inference result of the ratio change amount, a final membership function indicating the final inference result of the J/W ratio change amount that is synthesized by superimposing each inference result of the J/W ratio change amount is obtained, and the final membership function is calculated. The J/W ratio is controlled by determining the actual amount of change in the J/W ratio based on the function, and this is repeated until the formation coefficient no longer decreases due to the J/W ratio change.
Similarly, the present invention relates to a formation control method using a formation measurement method characterized by sequentially determining and controlling the amount of change in the foil angle and deflector push-in amount,
Furthermore, in repeating the control by the formation control method,
The present invention relates to a formation control method characterized in that a membership function for control is selected from the sign of the difference between the formation coefficient during the previous control and the formation coefficient during the current control, and
At the start of measurement, the field of view of the camera is enlarged to observe the entire formation, and after the formation control method starts, as the formation improves, the field of view of the camera is gradually reduced to ensure that the formation is stable. This method involves a formation control method that is characterized by returning to the original large field of view when the control is almost completed and entering a monitoring state. By switching cameras, at the start of measurement, the entire formation is observed with the camera with the largest field of view, and after starting control using the formation control method described above, as the formation improves, the camera is sequentially switched to the camera with the smaller field of view to observe the formation. This method relates to a formation control method characterized in that when the camera is stabilized and control is almost completed, the camera is switched back to the camera with a large field of view and is placed in a monitoring state. By analyzing the frequency in the width direction, it is determined whether the formation is pulling or pushing, and in the case of pulling, the J/W ratio is increased, while in the case of pushing, the J/W ratio is increased. The present invention relates to a formation control method characterized in that control is performed by decreasing the amount of ground.

[Function] Therefore, in the ground measurement method of the present invention, an image of light emitted from a strobe and transmitted through a required area of paper is captured by a camera and displayed as a transmitted light image on a display device of an image processing arithmetic unit. At the same time, the transparent image displayed on the display device is divided into windows of the required size and number of windows,
The average value of the density for each window and the linear variance of the density for each window are calculated from each density of the pixels existing in each window, and the average value of the linear variance of the density for the entire window, each The variance of the average value of concentration for each window and the quadratic variance of the concentration for the entire window are calculated, and the average value of the primary variance, the variance of the average value of concentration for each window, and the quadratic variance are calculated. One or a combination of two or more is determined as a formation coefficient, and the formation can be quantified with higher accuracy.

Furthermore, if the transmitted light image displayed on the display device is converted into three values such as "dark", "medium", and "thin", it is possible to reliably determine whether there is dust or holes in the paper.

In addition, in the formation control method using the formation measurement method of the present invention, the quality of the paper in multiple stages from the worst to the best is calculated with respect to the formation coefficient of the paper based on experimental data conducted in advance. 2. A plurality of membership function curves for specifying from the degree of fit, and 2. J/W ratio, foil angle, and deflector depression amount, respectively, corresponding to each membership function curve for specifying the quality of the paper. A plurality of control membership function curves indicating the degree of applicability to the amount of change are obtained in advance,
The degree of matching at each intersection between the formation coefficient measured by the formation measurement method and each membership function curve for specifying the quality of the paper is determined, and the degree of matching is determined in accordance with the degree of each matching. First, the inference results of each J/W ratio change amount are obtained from each control membership function curve indicating the J/W ratio change amount, and the inference results of the J/W ratio change amount are superimposed and synthesized. A final membership function indicating the final inference result of the J/W ratio change amount is determined, and the actual change amount of the J/W ratio is determined based on the final membership function, and the J/W ratio is controlled. This is repeated until the formation coefficient no longer decreases due to the J/W ratio change, and the changes in the foil angle and deflector push amount are sequentially determined in the same way and control is performed to improve the formation. will be held.

Furthermore, in repeating the control by the formation control method,
More efficient control can be achieved by selecting a membership function for control based on the sign of the difference between the formation coefficient during the previous control and the formation coefficient during the current control.

Furthermore, at the start of measurement before performing control using the formation control method, the field of view of the camera is enlarged to observe the entire formation,
By gradually reducing the field of view of the camera as the ground improves after starting the above control, it is useful for delicate control of the ground. If you enlarge it to its original state and set it to monitoring state,
It can also respond to external changes such as changes in raw material conditions.

Also, instead of changing the field of view of one camera as described above, if multiple cameras with different fields of view, that is, different distances from the paper, are installed, there is no need to move the camera to change the field of view. The field of view of the camera can be changed more quickly simply by switching between a plurality of cameras.

In addition, in the control using the formation control method described above, if frequency analysis is performed on the density of the transmitted light image in the width direction, it is possible to easily determine whether the formation is a pulling formation or a pushing formation, and in the case of a pulling formation, J
If control is performed by increasing the J/W ratio while decreasing the J/W ratio in the case of pressing, reliable and efficient control can be achieved.

[Implementation example] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Figure L3.4 shows an embodiment of the present invention, in which a strobe box 2a with a built-in strobe 2 is placed on one side of a paper l that is an object to be inspected, and a camera box 3a is placed on a rail 3C on the other side.
It is mounted so that it can move in the width direction and up and down direction of the paper l,
A camera 3 having a zoom function and a variable aperture device 3b is placed in the camera box 3a. The camera 3 of this embodiment used together with the strobe 2 is C.
OD (Charge Couple Device)
Use a frame storage mode camera or one with similar functionality. The camera 3 is connected to the display device 6 via the cable 4.
It is connected to an image processing arithmetic unit 5 having a. or,
A separate display device 7 is connected to the camera 3 via a cable 8 in order to constantly display an actual transmitted light image of the paper 1.

In addition, unless the image processing arithmetic device 5 can be used in common, a control computer 100 and a control controller 101 are installed together for control purposes, and the image processing arithmetic device 5 and the control computer 100 are connected by a ground signal line. (02, is connected by the control signal line 103, and the control computer (00 and the control controller 101 are connected by the communication line 103.
Furthermore, the controller 101 is connected to an actuator and a foil for changing the ratio of the jet speed ejected from the head box IO and the wire speed of the bottom wire 12 and top wire 16 as shown in FIG. 7, which will be described later. An actuator and the like for changing the angle of 14 are connected by a control signal line 105.

6. Paper 1, which is the object to be inspected, is actually quite large, so the part to be taken out as a sample (LOmm x 10mm or more) should be carefully inspected without missing the characteristics of the paper.
This is an area where the quality of the entire paper 1 can be determined by looking only at that part (an area that can be considered steady).

At the time of measurement, the aperture of the camera 3 is set in advance to the optimum value using the variable aperture device 3b according to the thickness of the paper l,
Adjust so that an appropriate amount of transmitted light is obtained from strobe 2. The signal that enters the camera 3 enters the display device 7 and is constantly displayed as an image 9a of the actual light transmitted through the paper 1, while the signal that enters the image processing arithmetic device 5 is formatted as shown in FIG. 3(a). In other words, it is displayed on the display device 6 as an image 9 showing an area where the overall quality of the paper can be determined, and on the screen, the density of holes etc. is lighter than average (bright <), and there are overcharged areas where dust etc. are attached. is displayed darker (darker) than average.

Next, a window w is created in the image 9 in which an area having an area of about 7 times the average size of holes, etc. or the minimum size of flocs peculiar to paper is used as a unit of dispersion calculation.
,, w2 , . . . , Wk, . . . , WN are set as required (see FIG. 3 (b)). The size and number of the windows can be appropriately selected depending on the paper type, composition, etc.

Here, as shown in FIG. 4, there are M −n X m pixels of the display device 6 in one window (n=4 in the example shown).
. The value ca V k is calculated from the above-mentioned th window W.

Variance of concentration within Va v
It is calculated from k (hereinafter referred to as primary variance), that is, how much the density varies within one window Wk (see FIG. 3 Q\)).

Furthermore, the windows W,, W2. ...,W.

..., the average value av of the first-order variance of the entire WN is calculated, and based on the average value av of the first-order variance of the entire WN, the windows W, , W2 . ..., Wk, ...Variance Vav of the first-order variance of the entire WN (hereinafter referred to as the second-order variance),
and the window w1°W2. ...,Wk,...
The variance Va av of the average value caV k within Wk is calculated from tJ, and the calculation result is displayed (see FIG. 3).

The average value av of the primary dispersion for the entire window indicates the macroscopic dispersion of the screen, and is used as a formation coefficient in a relatively wide field of view (for example, a formation coefficient when there is a large defect on non-uniform paper). We quantified the formation, and the variance vaav of the average value of density for each window represents the macroscopic variance of brightness and darkness with respect to the average density of the screen, and the formation when the overall density is uniform but the density unevenness is large. The formation is quantified as a coefficient, and furthermore, in the final stage of the evaluation in which the entire paper is uniform and microscopic formation is determined, the variance of the primary dispersion (second-order variance) of the concentration of the entire wind is calculated. The formation is quantified using Vav as the formation coefficient.

Depending on the object, aV + va a V * vaV
It goes without saying that the formation is quantified by using the combination of these as the formation coefficient.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the image processing arithmetic unit 5 includes pixels in the a1 to afi columns in the bi-th stage of the pixels constituting the image 9 displayed on the display device 6, or the pixels in the ai column. There is a pig logger (not shown) that stores the density data for the pixels in stages b1 to bn in the data logger, and the data stored in the data logger is extracted and treated as time-varying data and zero, and the data is subjected to frequency analysis. The data stored in the analyzer (not shown) or the data logger is processed by analysis software, and pulsation components are detected in the paper 1 based on the frequency analysis results in the vertical direction (long horizontal direction of the paper 1). It is also possible to determine whether or not to do so. Also, frequency analysis in the horizontal direction (long horizontal direction of the paper) uses strobe 2, compared to the conventional case of capturing transmitted light with a spot.
Since it is possible to express characteristics corresponding to flock that faithfully reproduce the shading of the texture, it is possible to easily determine whether the texture is a pulled texture or a pressed texture. The term "heavy ground" refers to a state in which the flocs are stretched in a striped shape, and the "pushed together" state refers to a state in which the flocks take on a scaly shape. If we take the average value of concentration on the vertical axis and the frequency on the horizontal axis, the ideal formation is 2 in Figure 6.
While it is shown as a dotted chain line, the pull ground is shown as a solid line,
Further, the pressing positions are shown as broken lines.

In this way, it is possible to quantify the formation as a surface rather than as a point as in the past, and it is possible to evaluate the formation more accurately and objectively.
/W ratio, dehydration amount control, etc.

The ground measurement method described above uses the strobe 2 as a light source, so it can be used not only offline but also online at high speed (approximately 1500 IIl/min) and high basis weight (basis weight 300g).
/m2) conditions.

The advantages of using a strobe as a light source are as follows: ■ Less screen shift during high-speed online measurement.

For example, if you compare the shutter speed and flash time of a strobe when taking pictures using a parallel light source and camera shutter, the flash time of the strobe is about 1/1 of the shutter speed.
10, the use of a strobe causes less screen shift at high speeds, and the screen shift does not interfere with the analysis of screen pixels.

■ When shuttering a camera, it is possible to analyze a ternary image that expresses the density in three levels, for example, "dark", "medium", and "light" to make the image clearer, but It is not suitable for detecting such delicate shades of light and shade, and a combination of a strobe and a non-shuttering camera is more suitable for high-speed shooting that detects shades of light and shade.

■ Comparing a parallel light source and a strobe (pulsed light source), a strobe can easily obtain a larger amount of light, so (a) the aperture of the camera can be narrowed down when shooting, reducing the effects of external disturbances.

(Opening) It can easily pass through cardboard.

■ There is a limit to the speed of camera shuttering with current mechanical shuttering, but if you use electrical shuttering, which electrically shutters the camera field of view, you can take even faster images by combining strobe and shuttering. Needless to say, this becomes possible.

Another advantage of the camera's CCD frame accumulation mode is that it is possible to take still images using a strobe and capture video signals equally.

Next, based on the formation coefficient obtained by the formation measurement method described above, the idea of membership function (Yamakawa Atsushi r FIJZZ
We will explain how to control the formation by applying Y computer idea 4 (3rd edition published November 10, 1988, Kodansha).

If the image processing arithmetic unit 5 cannot perform the processing, the control is performed using the control computer 10 [1 shown in FIG. 1] via the controller 101 using the signal of the formation coefficient.

Figure 7 is a side view showing the wire part of the paper machine;
0 is the head box, 11 is the breast roll, 12 is the bottom wire, 13 is the forming board, 14 is the foil,
15 is a wet suction box, 16 is a top wire, 17.18 is a deflector, 19 is a suction box, 20.21 is a bottom wire 12 and a top wire 1
6. Shower to wash away dirt etc. attached to 22.
23 indicates an automatic pulse 4 for adjusting the amount of water sprayed from the shower 20 and 21, 24 indicates a felt, and a head box 10.
The J/W ratio between the jet speed injected from the bottom wire 12 and the top wire I6, and the initial dewatering area 2
Foil 14 angle at 5 and bottom mid-dewatering region 2
6 and the deflector 17 in the top mid-term dehydration area 27
．． 18 and the amount of push-in, respectively, are changed based on the formation coefficient determined by the formation measurement method described above, and the suction amount of the suction box 19 and the opening degree of the automatic valves 22 and 23 of the shower 20 and 21 are changed as necessary. etc. will be changed.

Based on experimental data conducted in advance, Fig. 8 (1) to (V
), to identify the five levels of quality on paper from "worst", "bad", "normal", "good", to "best", from the degree to which it applies to the formation coefficient (horizontal axis) of the paper (vertical axis). As an example, J/W ratio (here, as an increase/decrease in only the wire speed) is Five control membership function curves Ml showing the degree of applicability 5 (vertical axis) to the amount of change (horizontal axis) of
a-M5. and M+ b −Ms b are determined in advance.

The formation coefficient of the paper l obtained by the formation measurement method and each membership function curve M for specifying the quality of the paper (
Find the degree of matching at each intersection with 1 to M5,
Each control membership function curve M1. represents the amount of J/W ratio change corresponding to each degree of matching. - Obtain the inference results of the J/W ratio change amount from M5a and Mlb-M5b, and superimpose and combine the inference results of the J/W ratio change amount to obtain the J/W ratio as shown in Fig. 8 1yD. Final membership function ML a indicating the final inference result of ratio change amount
, ML b, and the final membership function ML a
, MLb (the position where the area surrounded by the final membership function MOa or MLb and the vertical and horizontal axes is halved) is the horizontal axis component of either one of the centers of gravity of MLb, and the actual wire speed is increased or decreased, and the J/W Determine the actual change in the ratio and J
/W ratio control.

6 In FIG. 8, the case where the above-mentioned formation coefficient is 35 is shown as an example, and the vertical axis component (matching degree) is about 0.25, so a control membership function curve MIa or Mo is drawn horizontally from the intersection to "greatly increase" or "greatly decrease" the wire speed.
Scrape off the head of b with a matching degree of about 0.25,
Only the hatched portion is adopted as the inference result for wire speed increase/decrease. Also, since the vertical axis component (degree of matching) of the intersection with the membership function curve M2 indicating "bad" in FIG. 8(n) is approximately 0.75, a line is extended horizontally from the intersection, The head of the control membership function curve M2a or Mzb for "increasing" or "decreasing" the wire speed is cut off at a matching degree of about 0.75, and only the hatched portion is adopted as the inference result for wire speed increase/decrease. Furthermore, the vertical axis component (degree of matching) of the intersection with the membership function M3 indicating "normal" in Figure 8 0 is approximately 0.
．． 7, so extend the wire horizontally from the 7 intersection and "slightly increase" the wire speed.
, or "slightly decrease", the head of the control membership function curve M3a or M3b is cut off at a matching degree of about 0.7, and only the hatched portion is adopted as the inference result of wire speed increase/decrease. Also, since the vertical axis component (degree of matching) of the intersection point with the membership function curve M4 indicating "good" in Figure 8 (■) is approximately 0.1, a line is extended horizontally from the intersection point to increase the wire speed. Control membership function curve M4 a that “increases a little” or “decreases a little”
Alternatively, the head of M4b is shaved off with a matching degree of about 0.1, and only the hatched portion is used as the inference result for wire speed increase/decrease. Furthermore, for the membership function curve M5 showing "best" in FIG. 8(V), the formation coefficient is 3.
5, there is no intersection, so the control membership function curve M5 does not “increase” or “decrease” the wire speed.
．． Alternatively, the degree of matching for M5b becomes 0, which means that the wire speed needs to be increased or decreased. Therefore, when the matching coefficient is about 35, when the above-mentioned inference results are superimposed and synthesized, as shown in Fig. The center of gravity is created between `` or between ``slightly decrease'' and ``decrease,'' and the increase or decrease in wire speed is determined. Here, when deciding whether to increase or decrease the wire speed, when first changing the wire speed, only one of the centers of gravity is adopted from the final inference result (for example, the center of gravity of the one to decrease), and the If an improvement in the wire speed is observed (that is, if the difference between the formation coefficient before the current control and the formation coefficient during the current control is positive), control is performed to reduce the wire speed thereafter. If the formation is not improved (that is, the difference between the formation coefficient before the current control and the formation coefficient during the current control is negative), then the wire speed should be increased. The control is made to proceed in the direction of increasing. This results in
This allows for more efficient control.

In this way, by combining the theory of FUZZY using membership functions, it is possible to perform not only on/off control but also gentle control that does not cause sudden changes to the paper product. It becomes possible to do this.

In this way, the J/W ratio is changed, and as shown in FIG.
If no further improvement in the formation is observed by repeatedly changing the /W ratio, the J/W ratio shown in Figure 8 (1) to 0D
As in the case of changing the W ratio, the membership function is used to sequentially perform control such as changing the foil angle and changing the deflector push amount to improve the ground.

In addition, in controlling the J/W ratio, using the results of frequency analysis of the shading of the image in the width direction (i.e., whether the texture is a pulling texture or a curling texture), It is also possible to perform control to increase the J/W ratio, and to decrease the J/W ratio in the case of pressing. By doing so, reliable and efficient formation control can be performed.

Furthermore, at the beginning of the measurement, as shown in FIG. 1, the force is 0, the camera 3 is raised along the rail 3c, the field of view of the camera 3 is enlarged, and the entire formation is observed, and the control using the formation control method described above is performed. After the start, as the ground improves, camera 3
The camera 3 is lowered along the rail 3c to gradually reduce the field of view of the camera 3, and once the ground has stabilized and control is almost complete, the camera 3 is raised again along the rail 3c to return to its original large field of view for monitoring. It is also possible to set it as a state.

This makes it possible to make use of delicate control of the formation, and also to cope with changes in external conditions (changes in raw material conditions, etc.) after the formation has stabilized.

In addition, as another example of changing the field of view, automatic apertures 3b-1 and 3b-2 are built in as shown in FIG.
A plurality of cameras (an example of two cameras in this diagram) 3-1 and 3-2 stored in a-1 and 3a-2 are placed on one side of the paper 1,
On the opposite side, strobes 2-1 and 2-2 housed in strobe boxes 2a-1 and 2a-2, respectively, are arranged.

It is better to arrange it in the flow direction of the paper l. Before starting control and after completing control, images are captured by camera 3-2 with a large field of view, and the signals are sent to cable 8-2.
2 to the display device 7 and via the cable 4-2 to the image processing arithmetic unit 5. After the control is started, if the condition has improved and discrimination of thin dispersion is required,
Switching is made to the camera 3-1 with a smaller field of view, and the signals are sent to the display device 7 via the cable 8-1 and to the image processing arithmetic unit 5 via the cable 4-1 for processing.

In this way, multiple cameras are required, but each camera does not need to remain fixed and move to change the field of view, and the field of view can be changed more quickly by simply switching between multiple cameras. .

In addition, FIGS. i0(a) to (e) show modified examples of how to display images in the ground measurement method of the present invention, and in contrast to image 9 displayed on the display device 6, the image In order to make the image 9 more clear, ternary image processing is performed to express the density in three stages, for example, "dark", "medium", and "light", and an image 9° as shown in FIG. 1O (b) is displayed. Transmitted light 2 at 9° Calculated by calculating the total area ΣSv of the maximum area 30 and occupying the total area ΣSk of the minimum transmitted light area 31 in the image 9° in the total area S By calculating and displaying the ratio, that is, the overcurrent rate K (see Fig. 10 (c)), the formation of the paper l can be quantified. The areas that are clearly defective and the areas that are obviously good are enlarged at 9° as shown in Figure 10 (d).
Further, the enlarged image 9°° is subjected to image processing to express the density in three stages to display an enlarged image 9″′ as shown in FIG. 10 (e), which is used to investigate the cause of the formation. Used as a material for

In the other embodiments described above, the characteristics of the paper 1 can be emphasized and grasped through image processing of plane information, and holes, dust, etc., which could not be evaluated in the past, can be detected at an early stage, resulting in improved quality and productivity. 3, which will help improve your performance, and you can easily analyze the best and worst parts through the screen.

The strobe 2 and camera 3 used in the above-mentioned ground measurement method and ground control method using the ground measurement method are installed in a wire part, a press part, as shown in FIG. , dryer part, calendar part, etc.

Furthermore, the ground measurement method of the present invention and the ground control method using the ground measurement method are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications may be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. Of course, you can add more.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the ground measuring method of the present invention and the ground controlling method using the ground measuring method, various excellent effects as described below can be achieved.

(i) Information can be captured as a surface instead of the conventional method of capturing it as a point, so it is closer to the method of evaluating terrain by human visual observation, and objectivity is achieved because the terrain can be quantified. In addition, the rigidity of control can be increased by using a patent that features dispersion.

0) FUZ using formation quantification and membership function
By using the ZY theory in combination, it is possible to perform not only on-off control but also gentle control that does not cause sudden changes to the paper product, which can be of great help in improving the quality of paper.

■ Since a strobe is used as a light source, not only offline but also high basis weight, high-speed online ground measurement is possible, and surfaces can be captured instantly, reducing data processing time.

■ Long-term monitoring of formation becomes possible.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the ground measurement method of the present invention and the ground control method using the ground measurement method;
Fig. 2 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment in which a plurality of cameras with different fields of view are provided, Fig. 3 (a) (b) Q\) ←) is an explanatory diagram of image processing in the display device, and Fig. 4 The figure is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between windows and pixels in a display device, Figure 5 is an image explanatory diagram when frequency analysis is performed on pixels that make up an image, and Figure 6 is a diagram showing the frequency analysis results. , Fig. 7 is a side view showing the wire part of the paper machine, Fig. 8 0) (io 0iDCN (v
) 6/D is a procedure explanatory diagram for determining the J/W ratio variable weight based on the formation coefficient, and FIG. 9 is a flow chart diagram showing an example of the formation control method using the formation measurement method of the present invention. , FIG. 1O (1') (B) Q\) () (E) is an image processing explanatory diagram showing a modification of the image display method in the ground measurement method of the present invention, and FIG. 11 is a strobe and an overall side view showing the installation location of the camera, Figure 12 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a conventional land total, and Figure 13 shows the relationship between time and formation index obtained by the land total in Figure 12. It is a line diagram. 1 is paper, 2.2-1.2-1 is strobe, 2a, 2a-
1゜2a-2 is a strobe box, 3.3-1.3-2
3a, 3a-1, 3a-2 are camera boxes, 3b, 3b-1, 3b-2 are variable aperture devices, 3c is a rail, 5 is an image processing arithmetic unit, 6 is a display device, 9 is an image , IO is the head box, 12 is the bottom wire, I
4 is the foil, 6 16 is the top wire, 17.18 is the deflector, 19 is the suction box 1.20.21 is the shower, 22°23 is the automatic valve, 25 is the initial dehydration area, 26 is the bottom middle dehydration area, 27 is the Top medium-term dehydration area, 100 is a control computer, 101 is a control controller, 10
2 is a ground signal line, 103 is a control signal line, 104 is a communication line, and 105 is a control signal line, Wl. W2 + ”', Wk+ ”'+ Wm is wind, C
aVICaV2+ ”'+ CaVk + ”', C
aV'N is the average density value for each window, Vavl, V
aV2+...+ Va vk +...+”aVN
is the linear variance of the concentration for each window, av is the average value of the linear variance of the concentration for the entire window, vaav is the variance of the average value of the concentration for each window, VaV is the quadratic variance of the concentration for the entire window , M1 to M5 are membership function curves, Mla-Ms a , Ml 1) to Msb are control membership function curves, and ML a and ML b are final membership functions. 7 -352- U〉 To 2-1 - ~ @ Weight Tokukaihei 3 41348 (16) Attraction Φg Fushi

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) An image of light emitted from a strobe and transmitted through a required area of paper is captured by a camera and projected as a transmitted light image on a display device of an image processing arithmetic unit, and is also projected on the display device. Divide the transmitted light image into windows of the required size and required number, calculate the average value of the density for each window and the linear variance of the density for each window from each density of pixels existing in each window, and further, Calculate the average value of the first-order variance of the density for the entire window, the variance of the average value of the density for each window, and the second-order variance of the density for the entire window, and calculate the average value of the first-order variance of the density for the entire window. A formation characterized in that the formation coefficient is any one or a combination of two or more of the following: value, variance of the average value of concentration for each window, and quadratic variance of the concentration for the entire window. Measurement method. 2) An image of light emitted from a strobe and transmitted through the required area of paper is captured by a camera and displayed as a transmitted light image on the display device of the image processing arithmetic unit, and the transmitted light image projected on the display device is converted into a 3-value image. A ground measurement method characterized by determining whether there is dust or holes in the paper. 3) Based on experimental data conducted in advance, multiple membership function curves are used to identify multiple levels of paper quality from the worst to the best based on the degree to which they apply to the paper's formation coefficient, and the paper's J/W ratio, foil angle,
and a plurality of control membership function curves indicating the degree of applicability to each change amount of the deflector push amount, and the formation coefficient measured by the formation measurement method according to claim 1 and the paper The degree of matching at each intersection with each membership function curve for specifying quality is determined, and the above J
Obtain the inference result of each J/W ratio change from each control membership function curve indicating the J/W ratio change, and
/W ratio change amount J/ synthesized by overlapping each inference result
A final membership function indicating the final inference result of the amount of change in the W ratio is obtained, and based on the final membership function, the J/W
Control the J/W ratio by determining the actual amount of change in the ratio and
This is repeated until no decrease in the formation coefficient is observed due to the change in the ratio, and thereafter, the amount of change in the foil angle and deflector push amount is sequentially determined and controlled in the same manner. Ground control method. 4) In repeating the control by the formation control method according to claim 3, a membership function for control is selected from the sign of the difference between the formation coefficient during the previous control and the formation coefficient during the current control. A ground control method characterized by: 5) At the start of measurement, the field of view of the camera is enlarged to observe the entire formation, and after starting the control by the formation control method according to claim 3 or 4, as the formation improves, the field of view of the camera is gradually increased. A ground control method characterized by reducing the field of view to a larger field of view, and returning to the original large field of view when the ground is stabilized and control is almost completed to enter a monitoring state. 6) A plurality of cameras are arranged at different distances from the paper, and the entire formation is observed by the camera with the largest field of view at the start of measurement by switching between the plurality of cameras, and according to the formation control method according to claim 3 or 4. After the control is started, as the ground improves, the camera with a smaller field of view is sequentially switched to, and when the ground stabilizes and the control is almost completed, the camera is switched to the camera with a larger field of view to enter the monitoring state. control method. 7) By frequency-analyzing the density of the transmitted light image in the width direction, it is determined whether the texture is pulling or pushing, and in the case of pulling, the J/W ratio is increased, while in the case of pushing. 5. The formation control method according to claim 3, wherein control is performed by decreasing the J/W ratio.