JPH0343982Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] This invention is a cultivation bed that uses a floating body such as styrofoam for hydroponic cultivation of daikon radish, mainly sprout-shaped sprout vegetables, and other vegetables, and utilizes the buoyancy of the floating body and the capillary action of the perforated holes. Regarding.

For hydroponic cultivation of vegetables and other plants using conventional floating beds,
Those made of closed-cell synthetic resin foam, or those made by mixing closed-cell synthetic resin foam particles and vegetable organic matter and solidifying and molding them into a certain shape (JP-A-53-
62635) Furthermore, those formed into a plate by mixing closed-cell foamed synthetic resin beads such as polystyrene, open-cell foamed beads such as polyurethane, and wood chips such as sawdust (JP-A No. 54-160627, Utility Model No. 56) -54768) or a cultivation bed such as a perforated plate and a net attached to a floating frame (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-134934). However, although the above-mentioned cultivation bed made of closed-cell synthetic resin foam has a high buoyancy and can be used floating on the liquid surface, it does not have water absorption per se, so seeds cannot be directly sown on the surface and germinated. For this purpose, seedlings grown in another medium are inserted into holes made in the cultivation bed to hold them and planted, or the bottom of a porous container is immersed in the liquid and gravel is placed inside. For planting seedlings, sand the surface of the floorboard in the liquid,
This is a method of soaking with weights such as gravel, which requires the help of water-absorbing substances interposed between the liquid level and the surface of the board, and in order to sow directly using only the bed board as a growing medium,
Due to the effect of the large pore size, the surface of the floorboard was not kept in a moist state, so it was unsuitable. In addition, cultivation beds made of a mixture of closed-cell foam particles and vegetable organic matter can be directly sown and germinated, especially as floating beds for rice, but since the vegetable organic matter is used as an adhesive, The rot that occurs is effective as fertilizer, but at the same time it is water-soluble, so the floorboards can be kept in shape by entangling the roots until harvest, but this is uneconomical as it cannot be reused, and generates waste in the form of foam particles. Furthermore, there are cultivation beds that are formed into a plate shape by mixing three types of particles: closed-cell foamed synthetic resin particles such as polystyrene, open-celled foamed synthetic resin particles such as polyurethane, and wood chips such as sawdust. Utilizing the buoyancy of foam particles, the water absorption of open-cell foam particles, and the water absorption and decay properties of wood chips,
The purpose is to maintain appropriate buoyancy and moisture on the board surface by adjusting the mixing ratio of these particles, and to make the wood chips act as effective culture soil for the roots by rotting the wood chips. If the mixing ratio is not balanced, the buoyancy will decrease and over-humidity will occur, or the buoyancy will be too large and moisture will be insufficient, making it impossible to obtain stable results for plant growth. The flooring board must be formed by keeping the amount constant at all times, and although it is possible to reduce raw material costs by pulverizing waste products for these particles, it is necessary to process processes such as molding after pulverization, compounding, and adhesive mixing. The cost is higher than that of a single-piece molded closed-cell foam that uses new raw materials. In addition, the roots of plants grow into the areas where the wood chips mixed in the floorboards have rotted and become soft, and into the areas where the open-cell foam particles are present.
The roots grow all over the inside of the floorboards, and when harvesting, they are cut off from the base, dried in the sun, and allowed to wither before being reused. However, due to inclement weather, it takes time to dispose of the plants after harvesting. In any case, it is difficult to use it repeatedly immediately, and the cost for facility cultivation is high due to the use of alternative floorboards. In addition, this cultivation bed is suitable for growing vegetables and flowers in ponds, etc., but among the vegetables, sprout-shaped vegetables such as daikon radish and buckwheat vegetables that are eaten raw must be grown in a clean manner. This type of spot water cultivation is suitable for kimono, but as the wood grains and remaining roots rot, it provides fertilizer, but at the same time, the floorboards create breeding conditions for harmful bacteria, parasites, mosquitoes, and flies. It is unfavorable in terms of health and hygiene, and there are problems with using it for growing vegetables for raw consumption.Also, when growing indoors, the liquid in the aquarium gets dirty quickly, making it difficult to keep it clean, which, together with the above reasons, makes the indoor sanitary environment difficult. It also makes things worse. Furthermore, in the case of cultivation beds made of perforated plates or nets attached to floating bodies, thin perforated plates or nets are attached to the floating body so as to be positioned above the water surface, and seeds and plants are placed on top of the thin perforated plates or nets. Because the position changes depending on the buoyancy of the floating body, the design must always be the same, and if sagging occurs, the perforated plate may be submerged in water, resulting in overhumidity or drying of the seeds on the perforated plate that does not touch the water surface. It is not possible to maintain good growth. Moreover, since the buoyancy of the floating body itself is constant, as the seeds and plants on the perforated plate gradually grow and increase in weight, the perforated plate immediately begins to submerge in water. Since seeds do not germinate at the same time, seeds that are delayed will be submerged in water, resulting in a decrease in germination rate and poor growth due to lack of oxygen.
Therefore, it is necessary to install supports to prevent the floating body from submerging in water,
A pedestal is installed in the aquarium, but with this, there is no point in trying to make it float. The object of the present invention is to provide a floating bed for hydroponics that does not have the drawbacks of the conventional methods.

The first embodiment of the present invention shown in the figure will be explained with reference to the drawings.The floorboard S has a thickness of 2 cm and an area of 225 ^cm2 , and the through holes ¹ with a diameter of about 1.5 mm to 2 mm are formed at 144 locations (12×
12) Drilled in a honeycomb shape, separated by frame 2 and provided on 4 sides,
The floorboard S is integrally molded and weighs 15g, making it extremely lightweight. The floor plate is one that floats on the water surface of a water tank or other water containing culture solution, and the peripheral edge T125
cm ² acts as a float, and with the remaining buoyancy of the many perforated holes, the lower surface 4 of the floorboard S is submerged about 2 mm below the liquid surface (water immersion line 7) and floats. Due to its light weight and outstanding buoyancy, the design requires a load of 300g to level the upper surface 5 of the floorboard S with the liquid level.
This is the total weight of Kaiwari Daikon when it is fully grown, 200 to 250.
It has sufficient buoyancy even when the weight reaches 100 g. In addition, the size of the hole diameter of the through hole 1 is arbitrary depending on the type of seed, but
Diameter 0.5mm~3 to obtain capillary action and root passage
mm is good, and the pore size is good for shellfish radish and buckwheat.
1.5 mm to 2 mm is appropriate. It can be used to sow seeds that are smaller than the diameter of the hole, and by laying tissue paper or the like in the perforated portion 10 and sowing the seeds, various types of cultivation can be carried out without any problem. The number of through holes 1 can be appropriately determined depending on the hole diameter, the number of seeds, etc., and cultivation may be possible with a small number of holes. Further, even if the shape of the hole is arbitrarily changed to slits 1'-shaped perforations arranged in parallel, the same effect as that of the small holes of the present invention described below can be achieved. Seeds are sown directly on the through-hole through which seeds cannot pass, and the floorboard S of the present invention is pushed down above the water seepage line 7, submerged in the culture solution up to the provided frame 2, and the floorboard is brought to the surface again at the water seepage line a. Then, the seeds are wetted and evenly distributed over the many through-holes, and the seeds obtained here and the moisture inside the through-holes function as water retention due to the capillary action of the through-holes, and can be retained permanently. The frame portion 2 prevents the seeds from falling off the floorboard during sowing and during the growing process. In addition, for small-scale cultivation such as home gardens, which are divided arbitrarily, it is possible to sow seeds one field at a time on different days, allowing for systematic cultivation, which allows harvesting of the ripest crops every day, and also for cultivation of different types of plants. helpful,
It is also effective to sow the seeds evenly, as described above. Once the floorboard S of the present invention has been watered or immersed, from sowing to harvesting, as long as the culture solution is maintained, a constant and appropriate level of humidity will be maintained under the floorboard, unaffected by the dryness of the air. The liquid is naturally supplied to the seeds, urethane, tissue paper, etc. placed on and around the through-holes on the upper surface of the floorboard, eliminating the need for any cultivation management such as irrigation or misting.

Originally, the production of cotyledons and hypocotyls during germination is easily affected by excessive humidity or dryness, which causes delayed germination and uneven growth, so it is necessary to maintain an appropriate and constant humidity level. . The effect of cultivating using the floorboard S of the present invention is great, and as shown in the example shown in Figure 2,
Due to the ever-increasing weight of germination, the floorboard S gradually begins to sink closer to the upper surface 5 of the floorboard S than the water inundation line 7, but this change is different from the cultivation bed of a thin perforated plate attached to a conventional floating body. The wet state of the upper surface of the floorboard S is not affected at all by the length of the through hole and the buoyancy due to the thickness. Also, it responds to changes in the depth of the culture solution W by floating up and down freely, as long as the solution is not depleted.
As mentioned above, by making the cultivation bed floating instead of fixing it,
The amount of water in the tank is arbitrary. Corresponds to the amount of water in the aquarium. The cultivation bed maintains a constant humidity and is neither overly humid nor dry. This eliminates poor germination, streamlines growth management for water level adjustment, and stabilizes plant growth. It has also become easier to germinate such seeds. The through-hole 1 of the floor plate S becomes a passageway for roots as the root part of the tip of the hypocotyl grows, and the through-hole absorbs enough humidity and oxygen from the air necessary for growth, and gradually the root part is immersed in the culture medium. The hypocotyl is immersed in the hole, takes in nutrients, attaches the hypocotyl to the upper part of the through hole, and elongates. Through hole 1 has a hole diameter of 0.5 to 3 mm.
There are 200 to 1000 honeycomb-shaped holes perforated in a ^100cm2 floorboard. As a result, the through holes effectively promote evaporation of water in the aquarium and prevent water temperature from rising. It causes a heat of vaporization phenomenon to prevent increases in water temperature in summer and the surface temperature of the floorboard S. Increase the contact conditions between air and water to dissolve oxygen in the water. The density of the through hole 1 also wets the small hole and the surface around the small hole. It has the following effects: (1) Prevents water rot and root rot in the aquarium. B. Increases root growth and speeds up plant growth. C. The place where seeds are sown is not limited to the through hole. Seeds 6 are sown densely to avoid the stems becoming bent, and the daikon radish grows to a hypocotyl length of 7 cm in about 5 days in summer, and is gradually exposed to sunlight to produce a high-quality harvest. When the growth is completed, the floorboard S is immersed in the liquid up to the submergence line 9, which is 2 mm below the upper surface of the floorboard S. Since roots do not grow in the bed board and through-holes, they can be easily removed during harvesting, and unlike cultivation beds made of open-cell urethane, the roots do not break and remain, and seedlings can be pulled out and transplanted elsewhere. It also functions as a nursery for a large number of seedlings. The floorboard S can be used repeatedly immediately after harvesting, making it economical. When the floating bed of the present invention is applied to a bed plate used to germinate a single seed into a seedling and allow the seedling to grow larger, the tip of the hypocotyl of the seed enters one through hole, resulting in double leaves. As the seedlings gradually grow and the stems enlarge, the surrounding holes become passageways for countless new roots.
The stem becomes thicker above the upper surface of the floorboard S.
The honeycomb-shaped through-holes do not interfere with the growth of large plants, allowing them to grow from germination to seedlings, and from seedlings to other plants without having to be transplanted. Therefore, it becomes a cultivation bed that can be used consistently from sowing to harvesting of large plants such as tomatoes, lettuce, and celery. In addition, unlike conventional floorboards that are made by combining various types of foam particles, the floorboard of the present invention is made of closed-cell synthetic resin foam, and has holes that penetrate vertically rather than between the intricately intertwined particles. Since it does not absorb water, it does not become a breeding ground for bacteria or pests, making it suitable for the cultivation of clean vegetables. The floorboard S of the present invention uses a small amount of raw materials, has a single structure, is integrally molded using a mold, and can be manufactured at a very low cost compared to other cultivation tools with a minimum number of steps. The perforated part 10 of the present invention is made of stacked plates forming a plurality of recesses as in the embodiment shown in the third figure. Alternatively, as in the embodiment shown in the fourth figure, rods and tubes of arbitrary shapes may be bundled and bonded together in a plate shape, and a separate peripheral portion may be used as the floating body 11, and the two may be combined. In this case, the unbonded parts, gaps, and pipes have the same effect as through holes, and the advantage of having a simpler structure is that the peripheral edge is frame-shaped, compared to molding with multiple holes in the manufacturing stage of the mold. However, the number of manufacturing steps increases. However, although not shown in the figure, if the perforated part and the peripheral part ensure buoyancy, and if the materials of each are arbitrarily selected and processed, the features of the capillary phenomenon, buoyancy, and thickness of the floorboard similar to the effects of the present invention can be obtained. Floorboards can be made from plastics and other synthetic resins, closed-cell foam, and other raw materials. These options will leave room for selection in the future based on economic circumstances, durability, and user needs. In addition, the periphery T of the closed cell floorboard of the present invention can secure buoyancy in advance, which is proportional to the volume of the periphery, depending on the weight of the plants to be cultivated, which is an improvement to the conventional method of replenishing buoyancy due to submergence. will disappear. Some lightweight plants do not need a periphery. As explained above, it provides the most effective floating bed for hydroponic cultivation with a simple structure that is not found in conventional cultivation tools.
The hydroponic floating beds of this invention of various sizes can be used in a variety of ways, from rational industrial facility cultivation in ponds and lakes to home vegetable gardens that do not require soil, ornamental gardening, and as observation materials for school children.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the present invention. 1...Through hole, 1'...Slit, 2...Frame,
6...seeds, 11...floating body, S...floorboard, T...
Peripheral area, W...Culture solution.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] The floorboard S having a three-dimensional structure having an upper surface and a lower surface is made of hydrophobic closed-cell synthetic resin foam, and the through holes ¹ perpendicular to the upper surface of the floorboard S from the upper surface to the lower surface are 200 to 1000 per 100 cm2. Each through hole 1 has a honeycomb shape with a diameter of 0.5 mm to 3 mm.
A floating bed for hydroponics characterized by obtaining capillary action and having a pore diameter that provides a passage for plant roots, and having a partition frame 2 integrally molded on the periphery and upper surface of the floorboard S.