JPH0352290B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPH0352290B2
JPH0352290B2 JP57501411A JP50141182A JPH0352290B2 JP H0352290 B2 JPH0352290 B2 JP H0352290B2 JP 57501411 A JP57501411 A JP 57501411A JP 50141182 A JP50141182 A JP 50141182A JP H0352290 B2 JPH0352290 B2 JP H0352290B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
air
patient
sleep
pressure
nostril
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP57501411A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JPS58500551A (ja
Inventor
Korin Edowaado Sariuan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SOMEDO Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
SOMEDO Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SOMEDO Pty Ltd filed Critical SOMEDO Pty Ltd
Publication of JPS58500551A publication Critical patent/JPS58500551A/ja
Publication of JPH0352290B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0352290B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • A61M16/0605Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient
    • A61M16/0633Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient with forehead support
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • A61M16/0683Holding devices therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices ; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/56Devices for preventing snoring
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0057Pumps therefor
    • A61M16/0066Blowers or centrifugal pumps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • A61M16/0666Nasal cannulas or tubing
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/42Reducing noise
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2230/00Measuring parameters of the user
    • A61M2230/18Rapid eye-movements [REM]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2230/00Measuring parameters of the user
    • A61M2230/60Muscle strain, i.e. measured on the user

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Description

請求の範囲 1 鼻マスクに連続して正の空気圧を供給する装
置であつて、 前記鼻マスクが一体に連結される1つの室と空
間部を有し、前記空間部は鼻を収容する大きさに
形作られ、前記室は大径の可撓性空気導管の一端
に連結され、空気導管の他端には空気供給ポンプ
が連結されており、さらに前記室は空気流に対す
る抵抗を形成するため通路を狭めた開口を介して
大気に通ずる空気出口を有していることを特徴と
する装置。
2 空気出口が所定長さの導管で形成され、抵抗
を有する前記開口の寸法を変更可能とした請求の
範囲第1項記載の装置。
3 前記空気出口用の導菅には、所定長さの可撓
管が接続されている請求の範囲第2項記載の装
置。
4 前記室は堅い材料で作られており、前記可撓
性空気導管が前記空気出口用の導管の一端に接続
され、前記空気出口が導管の他端に設けられ、前
記室が導管の両端の間で空間部に接続されている
請求の範囲第1項記載の装置。
明細書 本発明は、特に閉塞性睡眠無呼吸症、すなわ
ち、より一般的には鼾(いびき)症と称される病
気の治療に用いるために鼻マスクにエアを供給す
る装置に関する。この病気は睡眠中に上気道が閉
塞することを特徴とする。いびきは、上気道の異
常な制限と、舌、軟口蓋、後部口腔咽頭壁の部分
における通常の筋肉緊張力の欠除との結合から生
じる。かかる状態により患者は典型的には30ない
し120秒間、一夜に200ないし300回、窒息するこ
とにる。それは“不測”の死の周知の原因であ
る。軽症の場合は、それは著しい昼間の眠気、心
臓疾患、脳損傷を引起す。“鼾”症に伴つてしば
しば或る種の肺疾患が見出される。
かかる症候群は、特に中年の肥満した男性では
ありふれた病気であるが、かかる症候群を呈する
人はその問題について何ら自覚しない。
背景技術 この問題を克服するために従来の方法ではネツ
クカラー、呼吸刺激剤を用いたり、また極端な肥
満体の場合には体重削減、及び夜間に気管を開い
たままにする等の対策が施されていた。これらの
内気管を開いた状態にする方法のみがこの問題を
完全に解決するのに有効であつた。しかし、生命
を直接脅かす併発症が無い場合、この方法を用い
るか否か決定することは明らかに困難である。
従つて、本発明の目的は、上述の欠点を改善す
るため鼻マスクに空気を連続して供給する装置を
提供することである。
発明の開示 本発明の装置は鼻マスクが一体に連結される1
つの室と空間部を有し、前記空間部は鼻を収容す
る大きさに形作られ、前記室は大径の可撓性空気
導管の一端に連結され、空気導管の他端には空気
供給ポンプが連結されており、さらに前記室は空
気流に対する抵抗を形成するため通路を狭めた開
口を介して大気に通ずる空気出口を有しているこ
とを特徴としている。
【図面の簡単な説明】
単に例を示す目的で、添付図面を参照して以下
に本発明の好ましい一態様を説明する。添付図面
において、 第1図は、加圧空気を供給する手段を示さず
に、患者に装着された本発明による装置を示す斜
視図であり; 第2図は第1図の装置の正面図であり; 第3図は第1図の装置の一部分を詳細に示す図で
あり; 第4図は、鼻管を示さずに、第3図のそれに類
似した装置の部分を示す側面図であり; 第5図は、第1図の装置を用いた場合と用いな
い場合の患者の睡眠を比較する数個のグラフを示
す。
発明の実施の最良の態様 第1図において、適当にパツドの付された頭帯
1は、下記の部材を充分に係留するため、快適に
かつ充分にしつかりと患者の頭に巻き付けられる
ようになつている。この目的のために、保安帽に
用いられる市販の頭帯が理想的であることが判つ
た。
プラスチツクの蛇腹型可撓管2は空気導管とし
て一端が鼻孔への空気入口管である硬質の鼻孔部
材3の一方の側に連結され、他端を空気供給ポン
プとしての送風機(図示せず)に接続している。
鼻孔部材3から僅かに離れて、可撓管2は頭帯1
に固着されている。鼻孔部材3の反対の側から、
空気導管4を成すもう1つの可撓管が延出してい
る。空気導管4も頭帯1に固着されており、害装
置が患者の頭に付けられたとき、空気導管は、こ
れを付けている人に若干の不快感を与えるけれど
も、しつかりと保持される。可撓管2及び4は、
鼻孔部材3の開放端に混合するようになつてい
る。該可撓管は、軽量の電気タイプの締帯によつ
てそれらに気密的に固着される。これらの帯は可
撓管2及び4を頭帯1に固着するためにも用いる
ことが出来る。
型成形可能な鼻マスク部材5は、鼻孔部材3ひ
取り付けられ、又は該鼻孔部材の一部分として形
成されており、全体として1つの鼻マスクを構成
する。鼻マスク部材5の形状は鼻全体を覆うよう
に設定されており、この目的のために空間部7を
含んでいる。空間部7と鼻孔部材3の内部とを2
つの開口6が連通しており、これら開口はそれぞ
れ、鼻マスク部材5が装着されたとき、患者の鼻
孔とほぼ整列する。任意の軟質鼻管8を開口6に
挿通し、又は鼻孔部材3の一部分として形成する
ことが可能であり、困難な症状の場合には患者の
鼻孔に入れられるようになつている。
空気供給手段は、好ましくは、逆作動する真空
掃除機に類似する大容量空気ポンプから成る。こ
の目的のためにヒタチ(登録商標)・ボルテク
ス・ブロア・モデル VBOOISが理想的である
ことが判つた。該ポンプは、消音箱の中に置くこ
とが出来る。
可変絞り装置9は呼気管4の端部に設けられて
いる。この絞り装置によつて、鼻孔部材3におけ
る空気圧を、該装置を使用する患者に適するよう
に調節することが出来る。相対圧力4ないし10cm
H2Oの範囲で殆んど全ての患者をカバーし得る
であろうが、典型的な相対圧力は患者に対して6
cmH2Oであろう。
絞り装置9を設ける位置は重要ではないが、こ
れを端部開口10から或る程度離して設ければ騒
音をかなり減らすことが出来る。
使用の際には、外科用シリコン、例えばダウ・
コーニング・サイラスチツク382(登録商標)等の
ゴムから、これを凹部7の内部周囲に形成して該
装置を患者の顔にあてがうことによつて、シール
が設けられる。該シール及び装置は口の上には延
在しない。このことにより、患者が覚醒している
間は、たとえ装置があてがわれていて空気が供給
されなくても、口を介して呼吸することが出来
る。このことは、安全上重要な意味を有する。
使用中、該装置は、大気圧より若干高い調節可
能可能な圧力で患者の鼻孔に通常の空気を供給す
る。該圧力は、最初は低レベルに設定され、患者
が眠つている間に、窒息が起らなくなるまで徐々
に高められる。このようにして設定された圧力
は、その患者に対しては将来も充分である。毎秒
約4リツトルの空気がポンプから送給されるが、
その大部分は患者により呼吸されることなく、終
端部の絞り装置を介して該装置から排出される。
患者は正常に吸入し、過剰圧力は単に上気道の異
常な抵抗に打ち勝つてその内側への潰れを防止す
るのみである。
第5図は、重症の睡眠無呼吸症患者に本発明装
置を介して急速−眼球−運動・睡眠中に連続して
正の空気圧(CPAP)を加える前及び加えている
ときにその患者から採つたポリグラフのトレース
を示す。左側図版(CPAP無し)において、胸部
及び腹壁の活発な運動にも拘らず鼻に空気流が全
く無い期間が1回に45秒間まで鼻圧トレースに見
られる。動脈ヘモグロビン酸素飽和は各窒息時に
55%まで低下する。各窒息時は、筋電図活動にお
ける激発及び脳電図における人工物により示され
る睡眠からの覚醒である。数回の急速な深呼吸が
続く。電圧の低いこと、脳電図の速いこと、筋電
図活動が微小であること、各覚醒の間の急速−眼
球−運動の豊富であることに注意すべきである。
右側の図版において、鼻マスクを介する9cm
H2OのCPAPで閉塞が完全に防止され、連続して
正の空気圧が圧力のトレースにおいて証明され、
動脈酸素飽和は正常値にとどまり、安定した、中
断しない睡眠が可能となつている。
上述の装置を使用している際、該装置により呼
気吐出が若干影響を受け、平均肺容積が高まる
が、開示した圧力では何ら危険は無く、すなわち
逆効果は通常表われない。
本発明は閉塞性睡眠無呼吸症の治療と関連して
記載された。本発明の装置の使用法は当業者には
明白であり、重い鼾症の治療;肺疾患のある患者
の睡眠中の呼吸を助けること、 集中看護の術後及び麻酔室で連続して正の空気
圧を供給すること; 通常の呼吸機械とともに、集中睡眠のアプノエ
ア患者(睡眠中に呼吸を停止する患者)の正の空
気圧による換気を与えること、あるいは(睡眠中
に充分に呼吸しない患者に)睡眠・微−換気を与
えること、 を含む。
上述の装置は本発明の一実施例に過ぎない。本
発明の範囲から逸脱することなく種々の変形が可
能である。例えば、可撓管2及び4、鼻孔部材
3、鼻マスク5をプラスチツクで一体成形するこ
とが出来る。
JP57501411A 1981-04-24 1982-04-23 鼻マスクのエア供給装置 Granted JPS58500551A (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU8570 1981-04-24
AUPE857081 1981-04-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS58500551A JPS58500551A (ja) 1983-04-14
JPH0352290B2 true JPH0352290B2 (ja) 1991-08-09

Family

ID=3769044

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP57501411A Granted JPS58500551A (ja) 1981-04-24 1982-04-23 鼻マスクのエア供給装置

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4944310A (ja)
EP (1) EP0088761B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS58500551A (ja)
DE (1) DE3276924D1 (ja)
WO (1) WO1982003548A1 (ja)

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EP0088761A4 (en) 1984-01-16
EP0088761A1 (en) 1983-09-21
WO1982003548A1 (en) 1982-10-28
JPS58500551A (ja) 1983-04-14
DE3276924D1 (en) 1987-09-17
EP0088761B1 (en) 1987-08-12
US4944310A (en) 1990-07-31

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