JPH035478B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] A. Purpose of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] A large completed cylindrical body is excavated horizontally into the ground in a tunnel manner to create underground passages, waterways, and pipes for roadways, pedestrian walkways, etc. This invention relates to a method for excavating a face in the cutting edge of the front part of a cylinder when laying a common ditch or the like underground, and an excavating cutting edge device used in the method.

``Prior art'' Conventionally, the method for excavating the face at the front of the cylinder for digging a large completed cylinder into the ground is as shown in Figures 5 and 6, using partition plate blades in horizontal and vertical directions. A cutting hole with many small spaces 8 in multi-stage and multi-row divided by holes 5 ₁ and 6 ₁ is installed, and all excavation is done manually within each booth 8 while also using a face jack 10 for heaping work. Was.

This is done by dividing the face of the large cutting edge into small booths 8 as described above and digging forward while holding the face with the face jack 10, dispersing the risk of the face collapsing among a large number of booths 8, and in the event of a collapse of the face. This is because it makes it easier to take protective and recovery measures in the event of a collapse, and increases safety.As mentioned above, the excavation method for the face is to cut the face slightly vertically and to use a face jack in conjunction with the retaining work. It is carried out only by human power.

``Problems to be Solved by the Invention'' The cutting edge of the large cylindrical body of the prior art is divided into many booths in a multi-stage, multi-row lattice pattern, and face jacking is used for each booth in conjunction with face jacking. Since excavation is done manually, it requires a large number of workers, time, and construction time, and since each booth is small, mechanical excavation is impossible, and the amount of excavation per day and the amount of excavation per day are small. (Depending on the soil quality and the size of the cutting edge, it is usually only 20 to 90 cm/day.) The cutting edge is divided into a large number of booths in a grid pattern, and 40 to 75% of the booths are always secured with face jacks on the face. Digging continues by alternating between retaining work and excavation work, and the booth area during excavation is 60 to 25% of the total cutting area.
This is one of the reasons why the daily drilling volume and speed are low.

However, the conventional technology has been used for several decades, and there are already hundreds of examples in Japan, and although many engineers have attempted to mechanize excavation of the face, no one has yet. This is a difficult problem for which no success has been achieved.

In other words, the ``problem to be solved by the present invention'' is to significantly introduce the field of mechanical excavation into the field where excavation of the face in the conventional underground excavation method for large completed cylinders is entirely done manually. In addition to omitting all or most of the work of retaining the face by conventional face jacking, the opening ratio of the face during excavation can be reduced to 100% or 2 to 2 of the conventional technology.
This is a major problem, as attempts are made to increase the amount of excavation and advancement per day by several times.

B. Structure of the invention ``Means for solving the problem'' A short concrete cutting edge part with the same cross section as the cylinder body is placed in the front part of the cylinder as a part of the cutting edge device installed at the front part of the large finished cylinder. A horizontal partition member is provided at an appropriate length rearward from the tip of the concrete cutting edge with a gap of an appropriate height between the upper side wall bodies to form a horizontal shelf, and the front part of the cylinder is Finish the concrete cutting edge part and the tip of the horizontal small shelf to a vertical surface, attach a steel cutting edge to this vertical surface, and install a cutting edge with a vertical partition plate on this steel cutting edge to divide it into multiple booths. The space between the side walls of the cylindrical body below the horizontal shelf and the bottom concrete part is a large space with a large space that can be machine excavated, and the large space is made of concrete so as to form a lower large space type cutting part. On the front of the wall, from the horizontal shelf to the bottom concrete cutting edge,
A steel blade whose front end is inclined at an angle before and after the sliding surface of the soil, and a steel blade is attached to the front of the lower bottom plate of the cylindrical body to form the entire blade device, and a booth-type blade part at the top of the horizontal shelf is installed. The earth and sand at the face of the face is excavated manually through the booth with a steel cutting edge, and the lower area is excavated by an excavating machine instead of the conventional manual excavation using the conventional multi-stage, multi-row booth type cutting edge. An excavation blade device is configured as a type blade part.

In this way, the upper part of the cutting edge was excavated manually, and the face inside the lower part of the cutting edge was excavated by machine.
In both cases, the face jacking and the retaining work of the conventional technology using this are omitted, and the face is stabilized on the slope before and after the sliding surface, making it possible to excavate earth and sand across the entire cross section with the face open. be. If there is a collapsible stratum at the upper booth type cutting edge and the angle of the sliding surface is too small, attach a face jack to the main booth type cutting edge and perform earth retaining work at the face. As described above, mechanized excavation can be carried out on most of the face in the lower large-sized cutting edge, which occupies an area two to several times the area of the upper small-sized cutting edge.

``Function'' The excavation cutting device has many booths set up with vertical partition plates in the upper booth type cutting portion above the horizontal shelf, and carefully excavates one booth at a time manually within the booth. The excavation surface of the face is excavated diagonally before and after the inclination angle of the soil sliding surface, and the conventional face jacking work is not performed. Below the horizontal shelf of the upper booth type cutting edge, there is no horizontal shelf, horizontal partition plate cutting edge, and vertical partition plate cutting edge of the conventional cutting edge. Since the large space is constructed with a large space, an excavator is used to excavate face earth and sand on the slopes before and after the sliding surface within this large space. The face of this lower Ohma type cutting edge part is also excavated by omitting the conventional heaping work by face jacking.

By completely rethinking the conventional structure of the cutting edge and creating a new structure as described above, we have been able to reduce the amount of sand in the face of the lower Ohma type cutting edge, which covers most of the area in the cutting edge cross section of the large finished cylinder. Machines can excavate safely and quickly. In addition, manual excavation of the upper booth type cutting edge portion and mechanical excavation of the lower large size cutting edge portion can be performed by omitting the face jacking and heap work of the conventional technology. The opening ratio (% of the excavable area) using the conventional technique of holding down the face is normally (25~
We have improved this from 60% to 100% and added the ability to open the entire face for excavation.

In addition, if there is a stratum that is prone to collapse at the upper booth type cutting edge and the slope angle of the sliding surface is too small,
A face jack is installed inside the upper booth-type cutting edge, and while performing the retaining work, the face is quickly excavated manually, and the face of the lower large-sized cutting edge, which occupies a large area inside the cutting edge, is removed using an excavating machine. Excavate as described above.

“Example” An example of the method for excavating a face of the present invention will be described.

A short concrete cutting edge 1' having the same cross section as that of the cylinder 1 is poured as a part of the cutting edge device in the front part of the large completed cylinder 1, and a suitable area is placed between the upper side walls 1'' and 1''. A horizontal shelf 5 having a height h and horizontally partitioning is provided at an appropriate length rearward from the tip of the concrete cutting edge 1', and their front ends are finished into a vertical surface. Finish the end face of the vertical wall at the 1' part of the concrete cutting edge with an inclination of around the soil sliding surface angle (45° + φ/2). Forms Oma 9. (φ is the angle of repose of the soil) An upper booth type cutter 3 is attached to the front surface of the concrete cutter 1' having a height h above the horizontal shelf 5.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
_{The booth} is divided into a number of booths 8 each having an upper booth type cutting edge 3 section. In addition, the lower Oma-type cutting edge 3' below the horizontal small shelf 5 has a horizontal shelf 5, a reinforcing shelf 5', and a horizontal partition plate blade as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, which are required for the multi-row multi-stage cutting edge of the conventional method. Port 5 ₁ , horizontal partition plate 7
In addition, the vertical partition plate 6 and the vertical partition plate blade opening ₆₁ are all removed, and the blade opening 2, which is slanted in front and back of the earth and sand sliding surface, is installed only on the front end surface of the cylindrical wall body. Width B and height H that can be worked on
It is constructed as a lower large-sized cutting edge 3' having a large space 9 with a small number of large working spaces (the one shown has two working spaces). In addition, each booth of the conventional blade opening 8
Remove the face jack 10 attached to the. The shape and structure of the cutting edge 2 is newly created and configured in this way, and the face surface 12 of the upper booth type cutting edge 3 part is opened without earth retaining work by the face jack 10, and is manually operated while maintaining the slope α in front and behind the sliding surface angle. Safely excavate at
The face 12 inside the area is also excavated using a shovel or other excavating machine A on the slope at an angle of about (45° + φ/2) the sliding surface and the soil is removed. Of course, the slope of this face is also excavated by omitting the face jacking 10 and the retaining work. In addition, if there is a stratum that is prone to collapse in the upper booth type cutting area 3, attach face jacks 10 to each booth 8 of the upper booth type cutting area as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, and perform the heaping work at the same time. Then, excavate the row by hand. As mentioned above, the excavation method of this construction method is carried out using a new technology based on a new idea, but the transportation of the excavated soil and the advancement method of the large underground cylinder are performed by the conventional construction method, the cylinder advancement method. The joint surface between the concrete side wall body of the Oma style blade mouth and the steel blade 3' is shown in the case where it is inclined in accordance with the inclination angle α of the tip of the steel blade 3'. In some cases, this joint surface is provided at an angle larger than the inclination angle α.

The side shape of the cutting edge and the front part of the large completed cylindrical body at the rear of the concrete cutting edge may be either a 〓 shape in which the upper stage does not protrude, or a 〓 shape in which the upper stage largely protrudes and protects the lower part. . In addition, the horizontal shelf 5 will be removed together with the steel blade opening 2 after the construction is completed. The concrete cutting edge 1' portion is removed or concrete is added to the wall portion below the horizontal shelf 5 and used as a part of the cylinder body 1.

The structure of the excavating cutting edge device according to the third and fourth claims of the invention can be understood from the description of the method invention according to the first and second claims, so the description thereof will be omitted.

C. Effects of the Invention The method for excavating a face of a large cylindrical body according to the present invention has significant effects as follows.

Conventional excavation of the face during underground excavation of large completed cylinders involves retaining work using face jacks and manual excavation work for each booth in many narrow booths (small rooms) that are divided into multiple stages and rows in a grid pattern. This has been done alternately and sequentially, but in the present invention, the shape of the tip of the cutting edge is inclined to the front and back of the sliding surface of the earth and sand, and the excavation angle α of the face is inclined to the angle of the front and back of the sliding surface of the earth and sand. Since the face excavation surface is stabilized during excavation, the face jacking equipment that was required vertically and the mountain retaining work that is performed using this equipment are all omitted, and the associated equipment costs, work costs, and work period are completely reduced. Not only does this eliminate a large amount of savings, but the entire face can be excavated with the entire face open without retaining the heap, increasing the available excavation time, the amount of excavation work, and the speed of excavation, which further helps to reduce construction costs and construction time. Furthermore, the upper section of the cutting edge uses a conventional booth-type cutting edge, and the face is excavated manually without earth retention work, but in the lower section of the Ohma-type cutting edge, all of the cutting surface is excavated by machine, so the upper booth Mechanical excavation is now possible on the face area of the lower Oma-style cutting edge, which is twice to several times the area of the manual excavation part (depending on the size of the cutting edge), and the amount of excavation per day and the amount of excavation per day can be reduced. Increased. As a result, both machine costs and construction costs are saved.
It generates great benefits and has a large economic effect. Further, even if there are existing obstacles or large stones inside the cylinder, they can be easily removed and removed within the Ohma type cutting edge. Furthermore, most of the work that requires the gathering of large numbers of human labor in a short period of time has been replaced with safe work using mechanical excavation to prevent face collapse accidents, and since most of the work has been mechanized, personal accidents and labor accidents associated with manual work have been reduced. Most of them can be prevented, and the effects are many and large. Additionally, if there is a collapsing stratum at the opening of the upper booth, it is possible to safely excavate the face by installing face jacks in each booth and simultaneously holding down the face and retaining the pile. This prevents the occurrence of face collapse accidents. In this case as well, it is possible to mechanically excavate the face of the Oma-type cutter which is two to several times the area of the Homa-type cutter, increasing efficiency compared to the prior art.

The invention of a cutting edge device for a large cylindrical body, which is currently being applied for, is a cutting edge device for realizing the invention of the method set forth in claims 1 and 2, and has great effects as described above. This cutting edge device is indispensable for the success of the invention of a method that has this type of cutting edge, and its effects are great as mentioned above, and the structure is simpler and the steel used is about 1/2 that of conventional cutting edges of this type. It requires less
This saves manufacturing and installation costs, and the cutting edge attached to the front of the cylindrical wall can be standardized and used repeatedly. In addition, a cutting edge in which a face jack is provided only at the upper booth type cutting edge to safely hold down the collapsible face while excavating is more effective than a cutting edge that uses the sliding surface of the face and does not use a face jack. The length is short, and the blade edge is strong and economical.

Furthermore, in the conventional method of extracting the blade, the blade is cut and scraped, and in the case of burying the blade, only the outer peripheral blade is left, and inside it is a vertical and horizontal lattice-shaped partition plate blade. Although the mouth is also cut into scrap, the space in the lower Ohma-style blade mouth of the blade mouth device of the present invention can be used as is, and it has a great economical effect compared to conventional blade mouths. .

As described above, the present invention adopts the principle of the sliding surface angle of earth and sand, and excavates all or most of the area of the face on the slope before and after the sliding surface, compared to the conventional technology. All or part of the face jacks and retaining works for face retaining have been abolished, making it possible to construct 100 to 80% of the face area at the cutting edge using mechanical excavation rather than conventional manual excavation. In addition, the material used for conventional cutting edges can be greatly saved, and most of the cutting edges can be standardized without being scrapped even after construction is completed, making them reusable, resulting in an economical savings of 40 to 50%. The effect is 50% in terms of construction period.
It is highly effective in improving safety as well as shortening the process by around 30%, and its overall effect is revolutionary.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are a front view and a side view showing an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 3 and 4 are front and side views showing other embodiments of the present invention. 5 and 6 are a front view and a side view showing a conventional cutting edge. 1... Cylindrical body, 1'... Concrete cutting edge, 2...
…Steel blade mouth, 2 ₁ …Blade tip, 3…Upper small-sized blade mouth, 3′…Lower large-sized blade mouth, 4…End face,
5...Horizontal small shelf, 5 ₁ ...Horizontal partition plate blade opening, 6...
Vertical partition plate, 6 ₁ ... Vertical partition plate cutting edge, 7... Horizontal partition plate, 8... Booth, 9... Oma, 10... Face jack, 11... Bottom plate, 12... Face, A...
excavator.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Regarding a method for excavating a face when a large-sized completed cylinder is excavated into the ground, in a cutting edge device provided at the front of the large-sized finished cylinder, a part of the cutting edge device is provided in front of the cylinder. A short concrete tip with the same cross-section as the cylinder is placed in the section, and with a gap of an appropriate height between the upper side walls, a suitable length is placed behind the tip of the concrete tip. A horizontal partition member is provided to form a horizontal shelf, the concrete cutting edge at the front of these cylinders and the tip of the horizontal shelf are finished into vertical surfaces, and a steel cutting edge is attached to this vertical surface. A cutting opening with a joint partition plate is provided at the cutting opening to divide it into multiple booths, forming an upper booth type cutting opening, and a large space that can be machine excavated is created between the side walls of the cylindrical body from the horizontal shelf to the bottom concrete part. A lower Oma-style cutter opening is formed as a large section with a steel cutout on the front of the concrete vertical wall, and the front end is inclined at an angle before and after the soil sliding surface, and a steel cutter is also installed on the front of the lower bottom plate of the cylinder. The cutting edge is attached to form the entire cutting edge device, and the face earth and sand at the booth type cutting edge part on the upper part of the horizontal small shelf is manually excavated from the booth of the steel cutting edge, and the face earth and sand at the lower Oma type cutting edge area is excavated manually. is a method of excavating a large cylindrical face, which is characterized by using an excavator to excavate the slope of the soil before and after the sliding surface. 2. The upper booth type cutter section is used for excavating the face of a large cylindrical body as described in claim 1, in which a face jack is attached to each booth and the face is excavated while the work of retaining the collapsible face is carried out at the same time. Method. 3 Regarding the excavation cutting edge device installed at the front of a large cylinder, a short concrete cutting edge with the same cross-sectional shape as the cylinder is placed at the front of the cylinder as a part of the cutting edge device,
With a gap of an appropriate height between the upper side wall bodies,
A horizontal partition member is provided at an appropriate length behind the tip of the concrete blade opening to form a horizontal shelf, and the concrete blade opening and the tip of the horizontal shelf at the front of these cylinders are finished with a vertical surface. A steel cutting edge is attached to the vertical surface, a cutting edge with a vertical partition plate is provided on the steel cutting edge, and the steel cutting edge is divided into a plurality of booths to form an upper booth type cutting edge part, and the horizontal small shelf is The cylindrical space below to the bottom concrete part has a large space that can be machine excavated, and a horizontal small space is placed in front of the vertical wall of the concrete part of the large part so that the lower part is formed with a lower part. From the shelf to the bottom concrete part, a steel cutting edge is attached whose front end is inclined at an angle before and after the sliding surface of the soil, and a steel cutting edge is also attached to the tip of the bottom concrete cutting edge. A cutting edge device for excavating a large cylindrical face. 4. The large cylindrical excavation cutting edge device according to claim 3, wherein the upper booth type cutting edge part is equipped with a face jack for earth retaining having a collapsible face.