JPH0359089B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0359089B2
JPH0359089B2 JP59035319A JP3531984A JPH0359089B2 JP H0359089 B2 JPH0359089 B2 JP H0359089B2 JP 59035319 A JP59035319 A JP 59035319A JP 3531984 A JP3531984 A JP 3531984A JP H0359089 B2 JPH0359089 B2 JP H0359089B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
heat
treated
highly conductive
heat treatment
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP59035319A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS60181129A (en
Inventor
Kazumoto Murase
Toshihiro Oonishi
Masanobu Noguchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
Original Assignee
Agency of Industrial Science and Technology
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Agency of Industrial Science and Technology filed Critical Agency of Industrial Science and Technology
Priority to JP59035319A priority Critical patent/JPS60181129A/en
Priority to US06/622,582 priority patent/US4599193A/en
Publication of JPS60181129A publication Critical patent/JPS60181129A/en
Publication of JPH0359089B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0359089B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は高い電気伝導度を有するポリイミド熱
処理物及びその組成物の製造法に関する。さらに
詳しくは、芳香族系ポリイミドを2000℃以上で熱
処理することを特徴とする高導電性ポリイミド熱
処理物及びその組成物の製造法に関する。 近年、天然もしくは人工の高純度のグラフアイ
トと電子受容体もしくは電子供与体(以下ドーパ
ントと称する)との錯化合物が金属並みの高い電
導度を示すことが発見され、炭素系材料が、高導
電性材料として着目されるようになつてきた。こ
の種の高導電性炭素材料は、ゲラフアイト構造が
高度に発達したものであり、ドーパントとの錯化
合物の形成により、さらに高導電性を発現するも
のである。一方、この観点から、高分子の熱処理
により炭素化、さらにグラフアイト化した高導電
性炭素系材料を得ようとする試みがなされてい
る。しかし、高温での熱処理は、高度に発達した
グラフアイト構造とさせるための必須工程である
が、高温熱処理することにより必ずしもグラフア
イト構造になるとは限らず、高導電性の炭素材料
となりにくい。例えばポリアクリロニトリル、レ
ーヨン等の有機物繊維を焼成熱処理し炭素繊維と
する方法がある。しかしながら得られる炭素繊維
の電導度は低く、単に3000℃で熱処理をおこなつ
た後でも103S/cm以下であり、またドーパントの
錯化合物形成による電導度の向上効果はわずかに
しかみられず、充分にグラフアイト化した材料は
得られていない。 一方、高分子を熱処理してフイルム状、あるい
は繊維状等の工業的に有用な形態を有する炭素系
材料を得るには熱処理時空気による酸化架橋反応
等の不溶化処理をおこなうことが常法である。し
かし、この処理はグラフアイト化を難かしくする
もので、高導電材料を得る目的には不向きであり
この様にこれまで形態を保持したまま熱処理がで
き、かつ高導電性の炭素系材料を得ることは極め
て困難であつた。 既に、熱処理により形状を保持したまま導電材
料とすることができる高分子としては、芳香族ポ
リイミド(Solid State Communication、35
135(1980)、芳香族ポリアミド(特開昭57−
163909)、芳香族ポリアミドイミド(特開昭57−
34604)等の耐熱性高分子が報告されている。し
かし、これらの高分子の熱処理は1500℃以下でな
されており、いずれも102S/cm程度以下の電導度
を示すもので、高導電材料といえるものではなか
つた。 本発明者らは、形態を保持したまま熱処理がで
き、かつ高導電性材料としうる高分子を広く検討
した結果、新らしい事実を発見し、本発明に到つ
た。すなわち、芳香族ポリイミドを不活性雰囲気
で2000℃以上で熱処理するとグラフアイト化が容
易に進行し、驚ろくべきことに104S/cmをこえる
高導電材料となり、しかもドーピングによりさら
に105S/cmをこえる高導電性を示すことを見出し
た。同様の熱処理条件で、芳香族ポリアミド、芳
香族ポリアミドイミドを処理しても電導度は殆ん
ど向上しないのに対し芳香族ポリイミドは2000℃
をこえる温度で特異的に電導度が向上することを
見出したものである。 すなわち、本発明は、 (1) 芳香族系のポリイミドを不活性雰囲気で2000
℃以上、3500℃以下で熱処理することを特徴と
する高導電性ポリイミド熱処理物の製造法およ
び (2) 芳香族系ポリイミドを不活性雰囲気、2000℃
以上、3500℃以下で熱処理して得られるポリイ
ミド熱処理物にドーパントを加えることを特徴
とする高導電性組成物の製造法に関する。 本発明に用いられる芳香族ポリイミドは、ピロ
メリツト酸と芳香族系ジアミの縮合物として得ら
れるもので特に限定はないが、好ましくは一般式
(1) (式中、N:−O−、−CH2−又は
The present invention relates to a method for producing a heat-treated polyimide having high electrical conductivity and a composition thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a heat-treated highly conductive polyimide and a composition thereof, which is characterized by heat-treating an aromatic polyimide at 2000°C or higher. In recent years, it has been discovered that complex compounds of natural or artificial high-purity graphite and electron acceptors or electron donors (hereinafter referred to as dopants) exhibit high conductivity comparable to that of metals, and carbon-based materials have become highly conductive. It has started to attract attention as a sex material. This type of highly conductive carbon material has a highly developed gelaphite structure, and exhibits even higher conductivity through the formation of a complex compound with a dopant. On the other hand, from this point of view, attempts have been made to obtain highly conductive carbon-based materials that are carbonized and further graphitized by heat treatment of polymers. However, although high-temperature heat treatment is an essential step for forming a highly developed graphite structure, high-temperature heat treatment does not necessarily result in a graphite structure, and it is difficult to form a highly conductive carbon material. For example, there is a method in which organic fibers such as polyacrylonitrile and rayon are subjected to firing heat treatment to produce carbon fibers. However, the electrical conductivity of the obtained carbon fibers is low, being less than 10 3 S/cm even after heat treatment at 3000°C, and the effect of improving electrical conductivity due to the formation of complex compounds of dopants is only slight. A sufficiently graphitized material has not been obtained. On the other hand, in order to obtain a carbon-based material having an industrially useful form such as a film or fiber by heat-treating a polymer, it is a common method to perform an insolubilization treatment such as an oxidative cross-linking reaction using air during the heat treatment. . However, this treatment makes it difficult to convert into graphite, making it unsuitable for the purpose of obtaining highly conductive materials.In this way, it has been possible to heat-treat while maintaining the shape, and to obtain highly conductive carbon-based materials. This was extremely difficult. Aromatic polyimide (Solid State Communication, 35
135 (1980), Aromatic Polyamide (Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 1983-
163909), aromatic polyamideimide (JP-A-1639-163-
Heat-resistant polymers such as 34604) have been reported. However, these polymers were heat-treated at temperatures below 1500°C, and all exhibited electrical conductivities of about 10 2 S/cm or less, so they could not be considered highly conductive materials. The present inventors extensively studied polymers that can be heat-treated while retaining their shape and can be used as highly conductive materials, and as a result, discovered a new fact and arrived at the present invention. In other words, when aromatic polyimide is heat-treated at 2000°C or higher in an inert atmosphere, graphitization easily progresses, and surprisingly it becomes a highly conductive material exceeding 10 4 S/cm, and furthermore, by doping, it becomes even more conductive than 10 5 S/cm. It was discovered that it exhibits high conductivity exceeding cm. Even when aromatic polyamide and aromatic polyamide-imide are treated under similar heat treatment conditions, the conductivity hardly improves, whereas aromatic polyimide is heated to 2000℃.
It was discovered that the electrical conductivity specifically improves at temperatures exceeding . That is, the present invention provides: (1) aromatic polyimide heated for 2000 min in an inert atmosphere;
A method for producing a highly conductive polyimide heat-treated product characterized by heat treatment at a temperature of ℃ or higher and 3,500℃ or lower, and (2) aromatic polyimide is heated in an inert atmosphere at 2,000℃.
The above relates to a method for producing a highly conductive composition characterized by adding a dopant to a heat-treated polyimide obtained by heat-treating at 3500° C. or lower. The aromatic polyimide used in the present invention is obtained as a condensate of pyromellitic acid and aromatic diamide, and is not particularly limited, but preferably has the general formula
(1) (In the formula, N: -O-, -CH 2 - or

【式】 n:2以上の整数を示す。) で示される芳香族ポリイミドであり、なかでも一
般式(1)においてX=O(酸素)で示されるポリ−
N,N′−(P,P′−オキシジフエニレン)ピロメ
リツトイミドが特に好ましい。 本発明の熱処理に供する芳香族ポリイミドの形
態は粉末、シート状、塗布膜状、フイルム状、糸
状、その他の成形品いずれでもよいが、フイルム
状、糸状物が工業的に有用な形態として好まし
い。さらにはこれらの延伸配向物も好ましい。 本発明では熱処理温度は2000℃以上が好まし
く、温度上限は炭素の蒸発温度で制限される。加
圧系で熱処理することによりさらに高温とするこ
とができるが、経済的でない。高導電性材料とす
るには高温で熱処理されるほど良い。実際的には
好ましくは2000℃を超え3500℃以下であり、さら
に好ましくは2500℃以上である。 また熱処理は1000℃以下で仮熱処理を行ない続
いて2000℃以上で熱処理してもよい。 本発明の不活性雰囲気は窒素ガス、アルゴンガ
ス及び真空中などが効果的であり、2000℃以上で
はアルゴンガスがより好ましい。 熱処理時の加熱方法には特に制限はないが、黒
鉛発熱体タンマン炉、高周波誘導加熱炉や太陽炉
が効果的に用いられる。 この様にして得られる芳香族ポリイミドの熱処
理物は多くの場合103〜104S/cmの電導度を示す。 さらに重要なことは、この熱処理物の電子受容
体もしくは電子供与体によるドーピング処理によ
り、電導度がさらに向上し、104〜105S/cmまた
はそれ以上に達することである。ドーパントにつ
いては特に限定しないが、従来グラフアイトある
いはポリアセチレン、ポリピロールなどの共役系
高分子において高導電性が見出されている化合物
を効果的に用いることができる。 そのドーピングの方法は、公知の方法すなわ
ち、ドーパントと直接気相もしくは液相で接触さ
せる方法、電気化学的な方法、イオンインプラン
テーシヨン等により実施することができる。 具体的には電子受容体としてはハロゲン化合物
類:臭素類、ルイス酸類:三塩化鉄、五フツ化砒
素、五フツ化アンチモン、三フツ化ホウ素、三酸
化硫黄、三塩化アルミ、五塩化アンチモン等、プ
ロトン酸類:硝酸、硫酸、クロルスルホン酸等、
電子供与体としては、アルカリ金属類:リチウ
ム、カリウム、ルビジウム、セシウム等、アルカ
リ土類金属類:カルシウム、ストロンチウム、バ
リウム等、その他希土類金属:(Sm、Eu、Yb)、
金属アミド類:カリウムアミド、カルシウムアミ
ド等が例示される。ドーピング量は特に制限はな
いが、好ましい含有量は熱処理物の重量当り0.1
%〜150%、特には10%〜100%である。 本発明における芳香族ポリイミドの熱処理物は
形態を保持したまま熱処理ができ、フイルム状、
糸状のごとく任意の賦形された高導電性材料にで
きるところに特徴があり、高導電性の必要な各種
の電気・電子用途に用いることができる。 以下に実施例によつて本発明をさらに詳しく述
べるが本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。 実施例 1 ピロメリツト酸とジアミノジフエニルエーテル
の縮合により得た25μ厚の芳香族ポリイミドフイ
ルムを横型管状電気炉中で窒素気流中950℃で仮
熱処理を行つた。 得られた仮熱処理物の電導度は41S/cmであ
り、無水硫酸によるドーピングにより、殆んど電
導度の向上はなかつた。 この仮熱処理物を黒鉛発熱体タンマン炉でアル
ゴン気流中、室温から3000℃まで2時間で昇温し
3000℃で20分間熱処理した。この熱処理物はフイ
ルムの形態を保持しており、室温で1.6×104S/
cmの、無水硫酸でドーピングすると1.9×105S/
cmの電導度を示した。 実施例 2 ピロメリツト酸とジアミノジフエニルメチレン
の縮合により得た15μ厚の一軸延伸した芳香族ポ
リイミドフイルムを黒鉛発熱体タンマン炉でアル
ゴン気流中で室温から2500℃まで1.5時間で昇温
し、20分間2500℃で熱処理した。熱処理物はフイ
ルムの形態を保持しており、室温で1.1×103S/
cm無水硫酸でドーピングすると3.9×103S/cmの
電導度を示した。 比較例 トリメリツト酸とジアミノジフエニルエーテル
の縮合により得た芳香族ポリアミドイミドフイル
ム(50μ厚)およびp−フエニレンテレフタルア
ミド構造よりなる芳香族ポリアミド繊維を実施例
1と同様の条件で熱処理をおこなつた。窒素気流
下、950℃での仮熱処理では各々52S/cm、30S/
cmの電導度を示し無水硫酸によるドーピング効果
は殆んど見られなかつた。またアルゴン気流中で
これら仮熱処理物を3000℃で熱処理したものは
各々200S/cm、980S/cmの電導度を示したにす
ぎなかつた。 この様に芳香族ポリイミドは電導度に与える熱
処理効果が著るしく大きく高導電性材料となり得
る。
[Formula] n: represents an integer of 2 or more. ) is an aromatic polyimide represented by
Particularly preferred is N,N'-(P,P'-oxydiphenylene)pyromellitimide. The aromatic polyimide to be subjected to the heat treatment of the present invention may be in the form of powder, sheet, coated film, film, thread, or other molded products, but films and threads are preferred as they are industrially useful forms. Furthermore, these stretched and oriented products are also preferable. In the present invention, the heat treatment temperature is preferably 2000°C or higher, and the upper temperature limit is limited by the evaporation temperature of carbon. Although it is possible to achieve a higher temperature by heat-treating in a pressurized system, it is not economical. In order to make the material highly conductive, the higher the heat treatment, the better. Practically speaking, the temperature is preferably higher than 2000°C and lower than 3500°C, and more preferably higher than 2500°C. Further, the heat treatment may be performed by performing preliminary heat treatment at 1000°C or lower, followed by heat treatment at 2000°C or higher. Effective inert atmospheres for the present invention include nitrogen gas, argon gas, and vacuum, with argon gas being more preferred at 2000°C or higher. There are no particular restrictions on the heating method during the heat treatment, but a graphite heating element Tammann furnace, high frequency induction heating furnace, and solar furnace are effectively used. The heat-treated aromatic polyimide obtained in this manner often exhibits an electrical conductivity of 10 3 to 10 4 S/cm. More importantly, doping of the heat-treated product with an electron acceptor or electron donor further improves the conductivity, reaching 10 4 to 10 5 S/cm or more. The dopant is not particularly limited, but compounds that have been found to have high conductivity in conjugated polymers such as graphite, polyacetylene, and polypyrrole can be effectively used. The doping method can be carried out by a known method, ie, a method of direct contact with a dopant in a gas phase or liquid phase, an electrochemical method, an ion implantation method, or the like. Specifically, electron acceptors include halogen compounds: bromines, Lewis acids: iron trichloride, arsenic pentafluoride, antimony pentafluoride, boron trifluoride, sulfur trioxide, aluminum trichloride, antimony pentachloride, etc. , protonic acids: nitric acid, sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, etc.
Examples of electron donors include alkali metals: lithium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, etc., alkaline earth metals: calcium, strontium, barium, etc., and other rare earth metals: (Sm, Eu, Yb),
Metal amides: potassium amide, calcium amide, etc. are exemplified. There is no particular restriction on the amount of doping, but the preferred content is 0.1 per weight of the heat-treated product.
% to 150%, especially 10% to 100%. The heat-treated aromatic polyimide of the present invention can be heat-treated while retaining its shape, and can be in the form of a film,
It is characterized by the fact that it can be made into any shaped highly conductive material, such as a thread, and can be used in various electrical and electronic applications that require high conductivity. The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples below, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Example 1 A 25 μm thick aromatic polyimide film obtained by condensation of pyromellitic acid and diaminodiphenyl ether was preheated at 950° C. in a nitrogen stream in a horizontal tubular electric furnace. The electrical conductivity of the obtained preheat-treated product was 41 S/cm, and there was almost no improvement in electrical conductivity due to doping with sulfuric anhydride. The temperature of this preheated product was raised from room temperature to 3000℃ in 2 hours in a graphite heating element Tammann furnace in an argon stream.
Heat treatment was performed at 3000°C for 20 minutes. This heat-treated product maintains the film form and has a temperature of 1.6×10 4 S/
cm, doping with sulfuric anhydride gives 1.9×10 5 S/
It showed a conductivity of cm. Example 2 A 15μ thick uniaxially stretched aromatic polyimide film obtained by condensation of pyromellitic acid and diaminodiphenylmethylene was heated from room temperature to 2500°C over 1.5 hours in a graphite heating element Tammann furnace in an argon stream, and then heated for 20 minutes. Heat treated at 2500℃. The heat-treated product maintains the film form, and the temperature is 1.1×10 3 S/at room temperature.
When doped with anhydrous sulfuric acid, the conductivity was 3.9×10 3 S/cm. Comparative Example An aromatic polyamide imide film (50μ thick) obtained by condensation of trimellitic acid and diaminodiphenyl ether and an aromatic polyamide fiber having a p-phenylene terephthalamide structure were heat-treated under the same conditions as in Example 1. Ta. Temporary heat treatment at 950℃ under nitrogen flow resulted in 52S/cm and 30S/cm, respectively.
cm, and almost no doping effect due to sulfuric anhydride was observed. In addition, these preheated products heat-treated at 3000° C. in an argon stream showed electrical conductivities of only 200 S/cm and 980 S/cm, respectively. As described above, aromatic polyimide has a remarkable heat treatment effect on conductivity and can be a highly conductive material.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 芳香族系ポリイミドを不活性雰囲気で2000℃
以上、3500℃以下の温度で熱処理することを特徴
とする高導電性ポリイミド熱処理物の製造法。 2 芳香族系ポリイミドを不活性雰囲気で2000℃
以上、3500℃以下の温度で熱処理して得られるポ
リイミド熱処理物にドーパントを加えることを特
徴とする高導電性組成物の製造法。
[Claims] 1. Aromatic polyimide heated at 2000°C in an inert atmosphere.
The above is a method for producing a highly conductive polyimide heat-treated product, which is characterized by heat-treating at a temperature of 3500°C or less. 2 Aromatic polyimide at 2000℃ in an inert atmosphere
As described above, a method for producing a highly conductive composition is characterized in that a dopant is added to a heat-treated polyimide obtained by heat-treating at a temperature of 3500° C. or lower.
JP59035319A 1983-06-30 1984-02-28 Production of heat-treated polyimide having high electrical conductivity, and its composition Granted JPS60181129A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59035319A JPS60181129A (en) 1984-02-28 1984-02-28 Production of heat-treated polyimide having high electrical conductivity, and its composition
US06/622,582 US4599193A (en) 1983-06-30 1984-06-20 Highly electroconductive pyrolyzed product retaining its original shape and composition formed therefrom

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59035319A JPS60181129A (en) 1984-02-28 1984-02-28 Production of heat-treated polyimide having high electrical conductivity, and its composition

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60181129A JPS60181129A (en) 1985-09-14
JPH0359089B2 true JPH0359089B2 (en) 1991-09-09

Family

ID=12438488

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP59035319A Granted JPS60181129A (en) 1983-06-30 1984-02-28 Production of heat-treated polyimide having high electrical conductivity, and its composition

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60181129A (en)

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JP3267194B2 (en) * 1997-06-24 2002-03-18 松下電器産業株式会社 Method of manufacturing electromagnetic wave shielding material, electromagnetic wave shielding material, and electromagnetic wave source using the shielding material
US8585998B2 (en) 2004-06-16 2013-11-19 Kaneka Corporation Method for producing graphite film, and graphite film produced by the method
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US10435607B2 (en) 2016-03-28 2019-10-08 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Graphite material and production method thereof
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