JPH0365729B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Application Field] The fruit of the present invention has a beautiful golden surface, and the fruit weight is five times that of the original Incanata variety, which is extra large.
This invention relates to a method for producing passion fruit having a strong aroma and high sugar content. [Prior Art] There are many plants belonging to the genus Passiflora of the family Passifloraceae, but only a few species are exclusively used for fruit production. It is collectively called Passion Fruit.
Also called Granadilla. In Japan, it is called passionflower (clockflower) because the flower's stigma, which is divided into three parts, resembles the hands of a clock, and the species that produce fruit are called fruit clockflowers. The following five species are known as fruit-only species. P. edulis (fruit clock, P. edulis)
Sims.) Evergreen, climbing perennial herb (origin Brazil)
It is. The leaves are large, 10-18 cm long and 12-20 cm wide.
It is deeply divided into 3 fissures. The flowers are 5 to 7 cm in diameter, smaller than the Onagamikudamonotokei species described later, and white or pale purple in color. The fruit is oval, 5-8 cm long,
The fruit's skin is thick, smooth, and speckled, and is light green when unripe, but turns deep red-purple when fully ripe. The endocarp is white, the seeds are dark purple and small, and the yellow fleshy aril that envelops them and the fruit juice have a refreshing sourness and unique aroma, making them a raw material for youth use. In Japan, it is cultivated in warm regions such as Amami Oshima, Kyushu, Shikoku, and Hachijojima. P. edulis (P. edulis)
This species, called the yellow fruit (forma flavicarpa Degener), is a horticultural variety of the above-mentioned P. edulis that was created in South America.It was introduced to Australia, and in 1923, seeds were brought from Australia to the Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, where trial production was carried out at the same site. As a result, it became a full-fledged industrial variety as a new variety superior to the common species P. edulis. It is slightly larger than the regular species, oval in shape, and the ripe fruit is a beautiful bright yellow. It has a large amount of juice and excellent acidity. The fruit is 6 to 8 cm long, 6 cm wide, oval in shape, weighs 75 to 80 g, has a skin thickness of 5 to 6 mm, has about 120 to 140 seeds, has a lot of juice, and has the strongest acidity. P. incarnata L. This incanata is native to Virginia, Florida, and Texas, and was once cultivated in the warm region of southwestern Ehime Prefecture in Japan. A hardy perennial vine, glabrous or almost glabrous, with leaves that are broadly ovate and palmately lobed. Flowers grow singly in the leaf axils, 6-7.5 cm in diameter, pale yellow, and have wavy tips. The fruit is a 6-8 cm long oval, purple or yellow, highly fragrant seed. It has the strongest aroma among all the fruit fruits. However, the amount of fruit juice is small, and although it has a sour taste, it is easy to ferment. Therefore, as a raw material for sour youth,
It is more suitable for promoting fermentation and using it as a raw material for brandy. It is sensitive to cold, and its stems and leaves cannot survive the winter even in the warm regions of Shikoku, and the leaves fall off and die. However, they bud every spring, bloom by early summer, and bear fruit throughout the summer. The biggest drawback of this species is that the stems and leaves tend to get elongated.
The number of flowers is small, and depending on the location, sterility is evident. Therefore, the yield is unstable, so it is not widely used as a processing raw material. Water Lemon (P. laurifolia L.) Native to the West Indies, it is a climbing plant with cylindrical stems and smooth leaves, thick, full-margined leaves, long obovate, 7.5-12 cm long, and sharp tips. It is. The flowers are 6-10 cm in diameter, and the petals are purple with white bands. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruit is oblong, about 7.5 cm long, and pale yellow with white spots. The fruit is yellowish white, succulent, and has a sour-sweet taste, and is suitable for eating raw, but is not used as a raw material for processing. P.quadrangularis L. (P.quadrangularis L.) Originates from South America, and is the largest fruit clock in terms of both plant and fruit. Leaves oval, entire margin, long
13-15 cm, width 10-13 cm, the surface is dark green and shiny, and the back is light green. There are 3 to 4 pairs of glands on the petiole and large stipules. The flowers are large and 9
~13 cm, reddish-purple in color, highly fragrant and extremely gorgeous. The calyx and petals are oval, about the same size, and 5 long.
cm, width 3.5cm, 5 pieces each grow alternately. The outside of the calyx is green, and the inside is white with small reddish-purple spots. The petals are deep reddish-purple and shiny. The thin thread-like tufts are white with purple markings and overlap in two rows. Ovary pale yellow, slightly triangular, 1 long
cm, the stigma is divided into 3-4 parts, and the top is club-shaped. There are five stamens, and the positions of the stigma and anthers are opposite, but when the weather is clear, high temperature, and humidity is low, they warp together and pollinate, resulting in fertilization.
The fruit is oblong and melon-shaped. The average weight of fruits produced at Taiwan Shilin Horticulture Experimental Branch is 1300g, height 20cm, diameter 13cm, and pulp thickness 3.
cm, pulp percentage was 70%, and number of seeds was 150. The fruit skin is smooth, very pale greenish-yellow, and thin. The pulp is white, abundant, fragile, juicy but bland, and the fleshy aril has a sour taste. When eating the fruit, cut the pulp of the refrigerated fruit into small pieces and add sugar. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Although the fruit is the largest in size, it has low aroma and sugar content, and has an extremely bland taste.Although it is praised for its bland flavor, As mentioned above, the pulp is eaten and is not used as raw material for youth or other processing. Fruit Clock uses the aril and juice inside the fruit as raw material, and has a sour taste and aroma, but the fruit weight is at most 70.
It weighs ~80g, lacks sugar content, and is not as aromatic as Incanata. Yellow clockweed is similar to the passion fruit of the present invention in that its fruit has a beautiful bright yellow appearance, but it also has a fruit weight of 75 to 80 g, and the fruit juice has the strongest acidity and lacks sugar content. ing. Also, the aroma is not as good as Incanata. Water lemon also has a fruit weight of about 70g,
The pulp has a sour-sweet taste, and the pulp is eaten raw; it is not a raw material or processed raw material, and it lacks both sugar content and aroma. Incanata incanata has the strongest aroma among the fruit fruits, but its fruit weight is the smallest at 40-50g, and the amount of juice is small.
It has a sour taste, but the sugar content is around 10 degrees, which is insufficient. The purpose of the present invention is to have a fruit that has an aromatic quality comparable to that of the original Incanata variety, has a high sugar content, a large fruit weight, a beautiful appearance, and is suitable for eating raw or as a raw material for youth use and other processed materials. The object of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding Patsyon fruit. [Means for Solving the Problems] The inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive research in order to solve the above problems. In order to preserve the aromatic properties of the Incanata species (referred to as the original species Icanata), we introduced several hybrid varieties centered on the original Incanata species, proceeded with trial production, and repeatedly crossed the hybrid varieties from among them to improve the flower quality. We selected the large ones and those with large leaves, and selected T ₂ as the superior variety.
cultivated. However, we discovered that T ₂ has extremely low self-fruiting properties and requires more pollination than other varieties, so we selected seedlings that matched T ₂ in flowering time characteristics and had excellent pollination results. Shiko's variety was designated as _T1 . T ₁ differs from T ₂ in the base of the stigma, T ₁
Since pollen does not come out from the anthers as they are, we opened them by hand to release pollen and attempted artificial pollination on _T2 .
The present invention was completed by discovering that a 100% pollination result rate and large fruit size of _T2 could be obtained. That is, the present invention was developed through cross-breeding of Maypop (Wild Passion Flower), the original species of the Passiflora genus.The leaves are larger than the original Incanata, and the flowers are also larger than the original Incanata. T ₂ is characterized by the fact that the purple part is particularly dark and large, and the central part of the flower's stigma, which is divided into three clock-like parts, is not joined, making self-pollination virtually impossible. A fixed variety was created by vegetative propagation using cuttings, etc., and by cross-breeding with the original Incanata, the leaves and flowers were larger than the original Incanata, smaller than T ₂ , the purple part of the flower was smaller than T ₂ , and the flowers were T 1, which has a jointed stigma and the flower anthers cannot produce pollen on their own, is used as a fixed variety through vegetative propagation such as cuttings, and the anthers of _{T 1 are} manually split to create T ₂ . A golden-colored extra-large patch that is characterized by pollination.
This is a fruit breeding method. The characteristics of T ₂ , which was bred through cross-breeding of the original Incanata species, are that under the same cultivation conditions, the leaves are about 1.5 times longer and about 1.6 times wider than those of the original Incanata.
The average leaf weight is 4.1 times. The leaves are deeply lobed. Figure 3 shows the average T ₂ leaf, Figure 4 shows the average T ₁ leaf, and Figure 5 shows the average original Incanata leaf in actual size. Table 1 shows a comparison table of the weight and size of leaves of each variety. Another characteristic of T ₂ is that when it is in bud, there are black grains on each side of the outside. The size of the flower is the diameter of the original species Incanata.
40-50mm whereas _T2 is 80-90mm.

【table】

〔Example〕

T2 was cultivated in a double greenhouse with a water curtain system in the middle, and _T2 was cultivated in a hedge system. Plant at a ratio of 1 T ₁ tree to 5 T ₂ trees,
The flowering times were matched. 3 because it is a perennial vine.
It is possible to harvest twice a year, from March to July and from August to December. In late May and early October, pollen from T ₁ was collected, and pollen from T ₂ was collected.
Artificial pollination was performed. Pollination work was carried out between noon and 1 p.m. on sunny days. The fruit set rate due to pollination was 98%. Figure 7 shows the fruit enlargement curve after pollination. The dotted line shows the horizontal diameter of the fruit, the dashed line shows the vertical diameter of the fruit, and the solid line shows changes in fruit weight. Under the same cultivation conditions, the weight of fruits of harvested T ₂ and T ₁ and original Incanata,
A comparison of dimensions is shown in Table 2.

[Table] The fruits had a strong aroma, the surface was golden and shiny, and the fruit weight was around 200 g, which was about 5 times the fruit weight of the original Incanata grown under the same conditions. One of the characteristics of T ₂ is that it has a very large amount of fruit juice, and the ratio of juice amount to total weight is 59.2%, compared to 44% for _the original Incanata. Therefore, the average amount of fruit juice was 18.3 g for the original Incanata, whereas T ₂ was 115.6 g, which was 6.3 times as much. Table 3 shows the juice amount and juice amount/total weight (%) of each variety.

〔Effect of the invention〕

Traditionally, the most fragrant original Incanata variety had a maximum vertical diameter of 5 under the same cultivation conditions.
However, in the case of the golden-yellow extra-large fruit that was produced by artificially pollinating T ₁ pollen with T ₂ of the present invention, the fruit had a vertical diameter of 9 cm and a fruit weight of 45 g. With a width of 8 cm and an average fruit weight of 200 g, it is a large, glossy, beautiful, golden-yellow fruit that retains a strong aroma, and its sugar content is 6 to 8 degrees higher than that of conventional fruits.
It is now possible to supply passion fruits with improved quality and extremely high commercial value. T ₁ and T ₂ were bred by cross-breeding from the original Incanata variety of the conventional variety, but T ₁ and T ₂
Since it can be vegetatively propagated by marbling, it can be considered a fixed variety, and its variety will not change due to propagation. It is a perennial vine, and by cultivating it in a greenhouse, the withering of the stems and leaves in winter can be prevented, so it can be harvested in two seasons, spring and autumn, each year. It can be cultivated in areas west of the Kanto region in simple greenhouses equivalent to greenhouse cultivation, so it is extremely effective in supplying large, beautiful fruits with a tropical aroma domestically.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing flowers of the _T2 cultivar (particularly, the base 1 of the stigma is not joined) that produces the golden-yellow extra-large passion fruit of the present invention. Figure 2 is
Flowers of the _T1 cultivar providing pollen to _T2 are shown. (Especially showing that the base 8 of the stigma is joined.) Figure 3 shows the leaf of T ₂ in actual size. Figure 4 shows the actual dimensions of the leaves of _T1 . Figure 5 shows the actual size of the leaves of the native variety Incanata. FIG. 6 shows the fruit enlargement curve of the passion fruits of the present invention. 1... Base of stigma of T ₂ , 2... Anther, 3...
Petals, 4... Calyx, 5... White thread-like tufts, 6... Indicates that the part inside the dotted line is purple, 7
... Ovary, 8 ... Base of stigma of T ₁ , 9 ... Anther,
10...petal, 11...calyx, 12...white thread-like tuft, 13...indicates that the part inside the dotted line is purple, 14...ovary.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Passiflora incanata (Maypop,
Through cross-breeding of Wild Passion Flower,
The leaves are larger than the original Incanata, and the flowers are larger than the original Incanata. T ₂ , which is characterized by the fact that its central part is not joined and self-pollination is virtually impossible, was made into a fixed cultivar by vegetative propagation such as cuttings, and the leaves were separately bred by cross-breeding of the original species Incanata. and the flower is larger than the original species Incanata and smaller than T ₂ , the purple part of the flower is smaller than T ₂ , the stigma of the flower is joined, and the anthers of the flower are white and cannot produce pollen. T ₁ featuring
was established as a fixed variety by vegetative propagation such as cuttings, and T ₁
A method of breeding golden-colored extra-large fruit, which is characterized by manually splitting the anthers of T2 and artificially pollinating _T2 .