JPH0366779B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPH0366779B2
JPH0366779B2 JP57041843A JP4184382A JPH0366779B2 JP H0366779 B2 JPH0366779 B2 JP H0366779B2 JP 57041843 A JP57041843 A JP 57041843A JP 4184382 A JP4184382 A JP 4184382A JP H0366779 B2 JPH0366779 B2 JP H0366779B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
zinc
particle size
electrode
metallic
powder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP57041843A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS58158867A (en
Inventor
Konosuke Ikeda
Sanehiro Furukawa
Kenji Inoe
Shuzo Murakami
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP57041843A priority Critical patent/JPS58158867A/en
Publication of JPS58158867A publication Critical patent/JPS58158867A/en
Publication of JPH0366779B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0366779B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は正極活物質として酸化銀、酸化ニツケ
ルなどを用い、電解液としてアルカリ溶液を用い
るアルカリ蓄電池に適用することができる亜鉛極
に関し、亜鉛負極の活物質である金属亜鉛と酸化
亜鉛の粒径を規制することにより、充放電サイク
ルによる負極活物質の結晶径の粗大化を防止し、
亜鉛極板の変形を抑制すると共に電池容量の減少
を僅少にして、電池のサイクル寿命を向上するこ
とを目的とする。 従来より負極に金属亜鉛を活物質として用いた
亜鉛蓄電池は、亜鉛が安価であり、アルカリ電解
液中でカドミウム極に比べて卑な電位を有するこ
とから、エネルギー密度が高く、且公害の心配が
少ないことから、多くの実用化検討がなされてき
た。 ところが、充放電サイクル途中における亜鉛デ
ンドライトによる正負極間の短絡現象が起るため
信頼性に欠けること及び充放電サイクルによる亜
鉛極の変形が著しいために長期のサイクル寿命が
得られにくいこと等の欠点がある。この原因は亜
鉛がアルカリ電解液中に可溶する電極であること
に起因している。特に亜鉛のデンドライトの生長
によるセパレータ貫通の正負極間の内部短絡は防
ぎ切れない問題である。この点を少しでも改善す
るために、電解液量を規制することが考えられ
る。即ち遊離の電解液をなくし、亜鉛極の溶解を
極力抑える様にして放電生成物である亜鉛酸イオ
ン(Zn(OH)--4〓)を、電極界面の近傍に止ま
らせ、次の充電時に元の位置に出来る限り均一に
電着せしめんとするものである。この改善案はサ
イクル寿命を大巾に引き伸ばすことが可能である
が、負極活物質の中に金属亜鉛の粗大な粒子が混
入されていると、この粗大粒子が核となり、亜鉛
の結晶が生長し易くサイクル途中での正負電極間
の内部短絡を起し易い問題は解決されない。また
低温での高率放電特性を高めるには、活物質の金
属亜鉛は、粗大粒子より微小粒子を用いる方が電
流密度が小さくなり、高率放電が可能となる。 而して、亜鉛活物質として金属亜鉛と酸化亜鉛
の混合物を使用することが知られている。しかし
従来から使用される金属亜鉛は、数十μ乃至数百
μの粒径であり、一方酸化亜鉛は十分の数μの粒
径であり、金属亜鉛に比し2乃至3桁小さい粒径
である。このように従来の金属亜鉛の粒径が酸化
亜鉛の粒径に比し特に大きいことにより次の欠点
がある。即ち第1に、粒子径の大きさの差が2乃
至3桁と大きいため、金属亜鉛と酸化亜鉛が均一
に混合しない。第2に、粒径が大きいため同量の
金属亜鉛を混入しても、粒子数が少なく電析の核
となる数が少ないので、放電生成物である亜鉛酸
イオンが次の充電時に元の位置に電着し難くな
る。第3に、元々の金属亜鉛の粒径が大きいの
で、デンドライト発生の核となる粗大粒子亜鉛に
早くなる。 本発明はかかる点に鑑み発明されたものにし
て、上述の諸問題を緩和して、蓄電池に適用する
ときの蓄電池のサイクル寿命を向上せんとするも
のである。 即ち本発明の亜鉛極は、0.1〜0.5μの粒径を有
する酸化亜鉛粉末と1〜6μの粒径を有する金属
亜鉛粉末とからなる活物質を用いたことを特徴と
するものである。この構成から明らかなように本
発明は、亜鉛活物質としての金属亜鉛粉末を、粒
径1〜6μのものを使用することを特徴とするも
のであり、従来の金属亜鉛粉末の粒径数十μ乃至
数百μのものに比しきわめて小径である。 従来の金属亜鉛粉末は、還元雰囲気中で金属亜
鉛を一旦溶融してノズルから噴霧状に吹き飛ばし
て製造されるものである。これに対し、本発明で
使用される金属亜鉛粉末は、還元雰囲気で金属亜
鉛を溶融した後蒸発させ、それを凝縮したもので
ある。本発明で使用される金属亜鉛粉末と従来か
ら使用されている金属亜鉛粉末の比較表を下表に
示す。
The present invention relates to a zinc electrode that can be applied to alkaline storage batteries that use silver oxide, nickel oxide, etc. as a positive electrode active material and an alkaline solution as an electrolyte, and the particle size of metallic zinc and zinc oxide that are active materials of the zinc negative electrode. By controlling the
The purpose of this invention is to suppress the deformation of the zinc electrode plate, minimize the decrease in battery capacity, and improve the cycle life of the battery. Conventionally, zinc storage batteries that use metal zinc as an active material in the negative electrode have a high energy density and are free from pollution because zinc is cheap and has a lower potential in alkaline electrolyte than a cadmium electrode. Because of its small size, many studies have been made to put it into practical use. However, drawbacks include a lack of reliability due to a short circuit phenomenon between the positive and negative electrodes due to zinc dendrites during the charge/discharge cycle, and difficulty in obtaining a long cycle life due to significant deformation of the zinc electrode during the charge/discharge cycle. There is. This is due to the fact that zinc is an electrode that is soluble in an alkaline electrolyte. In particular, internal short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes that pass through the separator due to the growth of zinc dendrites are a problem that cannot be prevented. In order to improve this point even a little, it is possible to regulate the amount of electrolyte. In other words, by eliminating free electrolyte and minimizing the dissolution of the zinc electrode, zincate ions (Zn(OH) -- 4〓), which is a discharge product, remain near the electrode interface, and are released during the next charge. The aim is to electrodeposit as uniformly as possible in the original position. This improvement plan can greatly extend the cycle life, but if coarse particles of metallic zinc are mixed into the negative electrode active material, these coarse particles will become nuclei and zinc crystals will grow. This does not solve the problem of easily causing an internal short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes during the cycle. Furthermore, in order to improve high-rate discharge characteristics at low temperatures, using fine particles of metallic zinc as the active material rather than coarse particles results in a lower current density and enables high-rate discharge. Thus, it is known to use a mixture of metallic zinc and zinc oxide as a zinc active material. However, conventionally used metallic zinc has a particle size of several tens of microns to several hundred microns, while zinc oxide has a particle size of several tenths of a micron, which is two to three orders of magnitude smaller than that of metallic zinc. be. As described above, the particle size of conventional metal zinc is particularly large compared to the particle size of zinc oxide, resulting in the following drawbacks. First, since the difference in particle size is as large as two to three orders of magnitude, metallic zinc and zinc oxide are not mixed uniformly. Second, because the particle size is large, even if the same amount of metallic zinc is mixed, the number of particles is small and the number that becomes the nucleus for electrodeposition is small, so the zincate ions that are discharge products are returned to their original state during the next charge. It becomes difficult to electrodeposit on the position. Thirdly, since the particle size of the original metal zinc is large, it quickly becomes coarse particle zinc, which becomes the core of dendrite generation. The present invention has been devised in view of these points, and is intended to alleviate the above-mentioned problems and improve the cycle life of a storage battery when applied to a storage battery. That is, the zinc electrode of the present invention is characterized by using an active material composed of zinc oxide powder having a particle size of 0.1 to 0.5μ and metal zinc powder having a particle size of 1 to 6μ. As is clear from this structure, the present invention is characterized by using a metallic zinc powder with a particle size of 1 to 6 μm as a zinc active material, which is different from the particle diameter of several tens of microns of conventional metallic zinc powder. The diameter is extremely small compared to those of μ to several hundred μ. Conventional metallic zinc powder is produced by once melting metallic zinc in a reducing atmosphere and blowing it out in a spray form from a nozzle. On the other hand, the metal zinc powder used in the present invention is obtained by melting metal zinc in a reducing atmosphere, evaporating it, and condensing it. A comparison table between the metallic zinc powder used in the present invention and conventionally used metallic zinc powder is shown in the table below.

【表】 また形状比較図を第1図に示す。同図aは本発
明に使用される金属亜鉛粉末であり、ほぼ全ての
ものが球形であるに対し、従来から使用される金
属亜鉛粉末は同図bに示す如く形状は種々あり、
概して細長く、特に針状部1を有するものが多
い。 以下本発明の一実施例を説明する。 粒径0.1〜0.5μの酸化亜鉛粉末100重量%、粒径
約2μの金属亜鉛粉末10重量%及び酸化水銀2重
量%を混合した混合粉末物にポリテトラフルオロ
エチレンのデイスパージヨン(濃度60%)5重量
%及び水50重量%を加え、剪断力を与えつつ混練
する。得られた混練物を圧延ローラにより1.0mm
の厚みに圧延したペーストシートを陰極集電体の
両面に当接し、圧延圧着して厚み1.5mmの亜鉛極
を得る。 この亜鉛負極5枚と周知の焼結式ニツケル極4
枚を用いて容量2AHのニツケル―亜鉛蓄電池A
を作成した。 比較のため実施例における微小粒径の金属亜鉛
粉末に代つて、従来から使用されている200μ程
度の粒径を有する金属亜鉛粉末を用い、他の条件
を全て同一にした比較電池Bを作成した。 第2図は本発明による亜鉛極を用いた蓄電池A
と比較電池Bの充放電サイクル特性図である。そ
の充放電条件は、400mAで5時間充電した後、
500mAで電池電圧が1.0Vに達するまで放電する
ものである。第2図は放電容量として初期容量を
100として示す。 第2図より本発明による亜鉛極を用いた蓄電池
Aのサイクル特性が比較電池Bのサイクル特性に
比し改善されることがわかる。 この改善理由として次の点が考えられる。 (1) 酸化亜鉛粉末と金属亜鉛粉末を結着剤と共に
混練する時、酸化亜鉛粒子と金属亜鉛粒子の粒
径の差が従来の場合に比し少くなるため、より
均一な混練が可能であり、均質に混合した亜鉛
極になる。 (2) 金属亜鉛粉末の粒径が小さいため、同じ重量
における粒子数が多く、亜鉛電析の核とな金属
亜鉛が均一に亜鉛負極に分布するので、電析亜
鉛も均一になり易い。 (3) 金属亜鉛粒子が小さいため、デンドライト発
生の核となる粗大粒子亜鉛に成長するには、長
い時間が必要となり、粗大粒子化が遅れる。 (4) 金属亜鉛の粒子形状が球形なために、亜鉛粒
子形状が均一でありその粗大化が起りにくい。 以上の如く本発明は、亜鉛極の活物質である金
属亜鉛粉末と酸化亜鉛粉末の粒径を規制すること
により、充放電サイクルによる負極活物質の結晶
径の粗大化を防止すると共に亜鉛極の変形を抑制
することができ、この亜鉛極を用いた蓄電池のサ
イクル寿命を大きくすることができる等工業的価
値大なるものである。
[Table] Figure 1 shows a shape comparison diagram. Figure a shows the metallic zinc powder used in the present invention, and almost all of them are spherical, whereas conventionally used metallic zinc powders have various shapes as shown in figure b.
Generally, they are elongated, and many have a needle-like part 1 in particular. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below. Polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion (concentration 60% ) 5% by weight and 50% by weight of water are added and kneaded while applying shearing force. The obtained kneaded material is rolled into 1.0 mm
A paste sheet rolled to a thickness of 1.5 mm is brought into contact with both sides of the cathode current collector and rolled and crimped to obtain a zinc electrode with a thickness of 1.5 mm. These 5 zinc negative electrodes and 4 well-known sintered nickel electrodes
Nickel-zinc storage battery A with a capacity of 2AH using
It was created. For comparison, Comparative Battery B was created using a conventionally used metallic zinc powder having a particle size of about 200μ instead of the fine particle diameter metallic zinc powder in the example, and keeping all other conditions the same. . Figure 2 shows a storage battery A using zinc electrodes according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a charge/discharge cycle characteristic diagram of comparative battery B. The charging and discharging conditions are: After charging at 400mA for 5 hours,
The battery is discharged at 500mA until the battery voltage reaches 1.0V. Figure 2 shows the initial capacity as the discharge capacity.
Shown as 100. It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the cycle characteristics of storage battery A using the zinc electrode according to the present invention are improved compared to the cycle characteristics of comparative battery B. Possible reasons for this improvement are as follows. (1) When zinc oxide powder and metal zinc powder are kneaded together with a binder, the difference in particle size between zinc oxide particles and metal zinc particles is smaller than in the conventional case, so more uniform kneading is possible. , resulting in a homogeneously mixed zinc electrode. (2) Since the particle size of the metal zinc powder is small, the number of particles is large for the same weight, and the metal zinc, which is the core of zinc electrodeposition, is evenly distributed on the zinc negative electrode, so the zinc deposits tend to be uniform. (3) Since the metal zinc particles are small, it takes a long time to grow into coarse zinc particles that become the core of dendrite generation, and the formation of coarse particles is delayed. (4) Since the particle shape of metallic zinc is spherical, the zinc particle shape is uniform and coarsening is unlikely to occur. As described above, the present invention prevents coarsening of the crystal size of the negative electrode active material due to charge/discharge cycles by regulating the particle size of the metal zinc powder and zinc oxide powder that are the active materials of the zinc electrode. It has great industrial value, such as being able to suppress deformation and extend the cycle life of storage batteries using this zinc electrode.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図aは本発明による亜鉛極に使用される金
属亜鉛粉末の形状、同図bは従来から使用されて
いる金属亜鉛粉末の形状を夫々示し、第2図は本
発明による亜鉛極を用いた蓄電池と比較電池のサ
イクル寿命特性図である。
Figure 1a shows the shape of the metal zinc powder used in the zinc electrode according to the present invention, Figure 1b shows the shape of the metal zinc powder used conventionally, and Figure 2 shows the shape of the metal zinc powder used in the zinc electrode according to the present invention. It is a cycle life characteristic diagram of a storage battery and a comparative battery.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 0.1〜0.5μの粒径を有する酸化亜鉛粉末と1
〜6μの粒径を有する金属亜鉛粉末とからなる活
物質を用いたことを特徴とする亜鉛極。
1 Zinc oxide powder with a particle size of 0.1 to 0.5μ and 1
A zinc electrode characterized by using an active material consisting of metallic zinc powder having a particle size of ~6μ.
JP57041843A 1982-03-16 1982-03-16 Zinc pole Granted JPS58158867A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP57041843A JPS58158867A (en) 1982-03-16 1982-03-16 Zinc pole

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP57041843A JPS58158867A (en) 1982-03-16 1982-03-16 Zinc pole

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS58158867A JPS58158867A (en) 1983-09-21
JPH0366779B2 true JPH0366779B2 (en) 1991-10-18

Family

ID=12619531

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP57041843A Granted JPS58158867A (en) 1982-03-16 1982-03-16 Zinc pole

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS58158867A (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5933756A (en) * 1982-08-19 1984-02-23 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd zinc electrode
JP6148873B2 (en) * 2013-02-05 2017-06-14 株式会社日本触媒 Zinc negative electrode mixture, zinc negative electrode and battery

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS54164230A (en) * 1978-06-16 1979-12-27 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd Nickellzinc storage battery

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS58158867A (en) 1983-09-21

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