JPH0399779A - Guide device and positioning method for working torch - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate the need for electric cables and to improve workability by mounting a working torch on a movable carriage via a torch adjusting device, arranging the movable carriage freely movably along a guide rail with a rack and making the movable carriage to travel manually. CONSTITUTION:The movable carriage 3 on which the working torch T is mounted is arranged freely movably along the guide rail 1 with the rack 101 and this movable carriage 3 is made to travel manually. The torch adjusting device 25 to connect the working torch with the movable carriage is arranged and a speed reducer 7 with a DC motor is arranged to the movable carriage. A gear to mesh with the rack of the above-mentioned guide rail is fitted to an output shaft of this speed reducer. A series circuit of a variable resistor 12 with a changeover switch 11 is connected to between input terminals of the above-mentioned DC motor 5 and a damping state of the movable carriage is adjusted by selecting a resistance value of the above-mentioned variable resistor and the movable carriage is made in a rapid traverse state by releasing the above-mentioned changeover switch 11. By this method, the speed of the carriage is changed to a desired state and working corresponding to various working speeds can be performed.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The present invention is characterized in that a processing torch used for arc processing, gas processing, etc. is mounted on a movable trolley via a torch adjustment device, and the movable trolley is mounted on a guide rail with a rack. The present invention relates to a processing torch guide device and a method for positioning the guide device, which are disposed movably along a processing torch and manually run a movable trolley.

<Prior art> In general, when performing appropriate processing with a torch,
For example, in plasma arc cutting work, Figure 11 (
The workpiece W is cut in a straight line as shown in a), or the end face of the workpiece W is cut obliquely as shown in FIG. 11(b).

By the way, automatic cutting equipment is often used because plasma arc cutting has a high speed that is more than twice the gas cutting speed, and the plasma arc torch must be moved smoothly in order to obtain a smooth cut surface. There is a tendency to

This automatic cutting device is illustrated in FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b), for example.
) as shown in FIG.
First and second adjustment mechanisms 21 that are adjustable in both the direction and the Z direction. ．． 22 and the lower end of the second adjustment mechanism 22, the angle can be adjusted freely around an axis in the X direction parallel to the cutting line!・-chi angle adjustment mechanism 23' and angle adjustment mechanism 4
232, and a plasma arc torch T supported by 232.

In this way, the plasma arc automatic cutting device can perform various types of cutting by appropriately adjusting the first and second adjustment mechanisms 21, 22 and the angle adjustment mechanism 23'.

By the way, as shown in FIGS. 12(a) and 12(b), when cutting the end face of the workpiece W diagonally, that is, when creating a so-called bevel, various bevel shapes can be selected as an alternative. When using the above-mentioned general-purpose automatic cutting device, a marking line G is displayed on the surface of the object W to be cut, and a guide rail is arranged parallel to this marking line G. After that, the plasma torch T is aligned with the marking line G.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> However, the automatic cutting device described in (-) not only increases the cost because it requires a power source and an electric control device for driving the travel motor, but also has various electric cables that get in the way. Therefore, there was a drawback that workability was poor.

Of course, automatic cutting devices can perform a variety of cuts, but in order to do so, it is necessary to perform various adjustment operations reliably, so there is the problem that accurate adjustment operations are troublesome. Ta.

Furthermore, when using the automatic cutting device as described above, it is troublesome to display marking lines G on the surface of the object W to be cut. Furthermore, in the above-mentioned general-purpose automatic cutting device, work efficiency was poor because it took time to arrange the general-purpose long guide rail 1' parallel to the marking line G.

In particular, when cutting work such as structures, for which the demand has been increasing rapidly in recent years, it is necessary to cut a mixture of objects with various groove shapes, so it is necessary to cut the workpieces with various groove shapes. However, there has been a need for a processing torch guide device that is low cost and has high working efficiency.

Means for Solving the Problems〉 The structure of the invention in Bookcase 1 is such that a movable cart carrying a processing torch is movably disposed along a rack example guide rail,
In the processing torch guide device for manually moving the movable trolley, a torch adjustment device is provided to connect the processing torch and the movable trolley, a reducer with a DC motor is disposed on the movable trolley, and the reduction gear is A gear that meshes with the rack of the guide rail is attached to the output shaft of the machine, and a series circuit consisting of a variable resistor and a changeover switch is connected between the input terminals of the DC motor, and movement is achieved by selecting the resistance value of the variable resistor. The present invention is characterized in that the movable cart is placed in a fast forwarding state by adjusting the braking state of the cart and opening the changeover switch.

The configuration of the invention in Book Box 2 is that in the guide device for a loaded one-knife torch according to the first invention, the torch adjustment device is arranged in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the running direction of the movable trolley in a state in which the movable trolley is running horizontally. a first adjustment mechanism that can be adjusted in the vertical direction; a second adjustment mechanism that is supported by the first adjustment mechanism and can be adjusted in the vertical direction; A torch angle adjustment mechanism that allows the setting angle of the processing torch to be freely adjusted around an axis parallel to the direction, and a second adjustment that keeps the vertical position of the torch tip unchanged when the torch angle is set to multiple specific angles. It is characterized by consisting of a plurality of conversion scales arranged on the mechanism.

The invention of Book Box 3 is a method for positioning a torch guide device according to the second invention, comprising: a gauge body with a 1" plate, and a gauge body that is slidable with respect to the gauge body and that is capable of positioning. A flexible positioning block for positioning by contacting the guide rail, and a contact member protruding from the end of the cage body in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the gauge body and contacting the end surface of the workpiece. A positioning gauge for the guide rail is configured, and the distance between the abutment area and the positioning block is determined by L = (t-a) according to the plate thickness t of the workpiece, the root surface height a, and the bevel angle θ. tanθ−(lc seeθ)/
20 b sin (θ-2) C (where k: cutting width, b: distance between the torch angle adjustment axis and the actual tip of the torch).

c: Distance between the torch angle adjustment shaft and the guide rail) Create a conversion table based on the above, determine the position of the positioning block in accordance with the conversion table, and position the guide rail using the positioning gauge. It is characterized by doing.

<Example> Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to illustrated embodiments.

For example, when explaining plasma arc cutting work,
In FIGS. 1 to 6, reference numeral 1 denotes a guide rail, which is fixed to a workpiece Wl by an appropriate clamp mechanism 2. In FIG. In the illustrated case, the clamp mechanism 2 is a lever 20 that can be rotated freely.
1 and a magnet 202 that can be switched between an attracted state and a non-adsorbed state depending on the rotational position of this lever 20].

Reference numeral 3 denotes a movable cart which is movable along the guide rail 1 while being restrained by the restraining members 4, 4. For example, the restraining member 4 has a plurality of rollers each having four parts or a convex part formed on the outer periphery. It is advantageous to use it. Reference numeral 7 denotes a reduction gear with a DC motor, which is supported by a moving cart 3 and is composed of a DC motor 5 and a reduction gear 6. The output shaft of this reduction gear 6 has a gear 8 (=J). meshes with the rack 101 provided on the guide rail 1, but in the case shown, the gear 8 and the rack of the guide rail 1 are connected via gears 91 and 92]
01 are arranged in mesh with each other. 11 and 12 are a changeover switch and a variable resistor, and this changeover switch 1
1 and the variable resistor] 2 are connected in series between the input terminals of the DC motor 5 to form a series circuit 13.

Note that in an actual circuit, a fixed resistor 14 is connected in parallel with the variable resistor 12 in consideration of the occurrence of poor contact or breakage of the variable resistor 12.

The traveling device 15 is constituted by the above-mentioned items 1 to 14.

Reference numeral 21 denotes a first adjustment mechanism that can be freely adjusted in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the movable trolley 3, that is, in the Y direction. A first adjustment mechanism 21 is constituted by a first clamp member 212 that supports the adjustment rod 211 on the movable cart 3. Reference numeral 22 denotes a second adjustment mechanism that is supported by the first adjustment mechanism 21 and can be freely adjusted in the X direction. 2
and a second adjustment rod 222 supported by the second clamp member 221 and freely positioned in the X direction. Of course, the adjustment rod and the clamp member are designed to have a non-circular cross section, and are designed to avoid misalignment in the rotational direction by aligning marks in the rotational direction. 23 is supported by the second adjustment mechanism 22 and is used for machining, for example, a plasma arc torch T, around an axis 231 parallel to the traveling direction of the movable cart 3, that is, the X direction.
A torch angle adjustment mechanism that can freely adjust the set angle of the torch T, for example, includes an angle adjustment member 232 formed integrally with the shaft 231 and supporting the torch T, and an angle adjustment member 232 disposed at the end of the second adjustment rod 222 to adjust the angle. A third clamp member 233 that restrains the adjustment member 232, and a third clamp member 233 that is movable in position parallel to the axis of the torch T
and the positioning provided on the angle adjustment member 232 so that the position is on the end side, that is, on the X1 direction side from the torch T position]
] The l/-ch angle adjusting machine side 23 is constituted by the eye pointer 234.

Note that the positioning pointer 234 has a tapered tip, and when the positioning pointer 234 is most protruded toward the tip side with respect to the angle adjustment member 232, the positioning pointer 234 has a tapered tip or the actual tip of the torch T. It is set so that it is the same as P1, that is, the machining position.

Reference numeral 24 denotes a plurality of conversion scales arranged on the second adjustment mechanism 22 in order to keep the vertical position of the torch tip unchanged, that is, the position in the X direction, when setting the torch angle to a specific angle of the number of steps. .

'' 21 to 24 constitute a torch adjustment device 25. Further, the traveling device 5 and the torch adjusting device 25 constitute an additional torch guide device 30.

In the guide device 30, the angle adjusting member 232 is positioned so that the torch angle is in a desired state, and the second adjusting rod 222 is positioned so that the converted 1" height 24 corresponds to this torch angle. In this manner, the guide rail 1 is placed at a predetermined position on the object W to be cut.

Thereafter, the operator manually moves the movable cart 3 using the torch T while cutting.

By the way, when the movable trolley 3 moves along the guide rail 1, the gear 8 simultaneously rotates via the gears 91 and 92 that mesh with the rack 101 of the guide rail 1. gear 8
When the motor rotates, the motor shaft of the DC motor 5 rotates via the reducer 6, and an induced electromotive force is generated in the DC motor 5. As shown in FIG. 1, since a variable resistor 12 is connected between the input terminals of the DC motor 5, the induced electromotive force is appropriately consumed by the electrical resistance of the variable resistor 12.

That is, when moving the movable trolley 3 with a constant force via the torch T, the gears 91, 92 .
Due to the meshing resistance of 8 and the consumption of the induced electromotive force by the variable resistor 12, a brake is applied to the movable trolley 3.

In this case, the braking force acting on the moving trolley 3 cannot be uniquely displayed, but for example, if the module of the gear 91 is
．． The notched circle diameter is 12 mm, and the gear ratio between gear 92 and gear 8 is 2.2. The reduction ratio of the reducer 6 is ]/24, and the rating],
2 V DC motor 5 and 100Ω variable resistor 12
and specific resistor] 4, the moving force P to the moving trolley 3 is 2,51o)31o3,3,5
FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the variable value of the variable resistor 12 and the speed of the movable cart 3 when the variable resistor 12 is changed to ki). If the moving force P to the movable carriage 3 is set to a constant value in this manner, the speed of the movable carriage 3 can be changed by adjusting the resistance value of the variable resistor 2 by operating a lever or a knob.

Of course, depending on the physical strength of the worker, the moving force P can be changed to 2.5 = 3.
．． 31g, WL to either curve of 3.5 = J
IL, variable resistance 1" according to individual curves and moving trolley 3
The relationship between the speed and the speed of the cutting operation can be selected as the stability of the cutting operation.

By the way, as shown in FIG. 6, the relationship between the variable resistance scale and the movable trolley 3 is different due to the difference in the moving force P, but when actually moving the movable trolley 3, the operator or the movable trolley 3 , twice, the amount of force to be applied to the movable trolley 3 via the torch T can be immediately learned, so a curve related to a specific moving force P can be selected as the work standard.

As described above, by appropriately adjusting the variable resistor 12, the braking force acting on the movable trolley 3 can be changed to bring the speed of the movable trolley 3 into a desired state. Of course,
When the changeover switch 11 is turned OFF, the induced electromotive force of the DC motor 5 is not consumed, so that the movable trolley 3 can be put into a fast-forwarding state with a simple structure. by the way,
Normally, in order to make a moving trolley move quickly, a so-called mechanical clutch mechanism is provided to eliminate the meshing state of the gear train, or this mechanical clutch mechanism has a complicated structure and requires a large amount of space to install. Therefore, it cannot be adopted as the manual guide jig that is the object of the present invention.

Note that if a fixed resistor 14 is connected to the series circuit 13, it will act as a protector in case of poor contact or damage to the variable resistor 12, but this fixed resistor 145 can be omitted. Further, the gear 8 and the rack [0] can be directly meshed with each other.

Now, if the torch adjustment device 25 is configured as described above, it becomes easy to set the torch angle to a specific angle.

That is, for example, when the l-chi angle is 45°, the conversion is 1
The second adjustment rod 222 is positioned so that the 45° equivalent 1 of the 24 ridges coincides with the base position. After this, with the pointer 234 protruding the most toward the tip side, the pointer 234
The angle adjustment of the torch T is completed by restraining the angle adjustment member 232 by the third clamp member 233 at a position where the tapered tip of the torch T contacts the surface of the object W to be cut. In this way, the torch angle can be easily and reliably set while visually checking.

Of course, the pointer 234 is the pointer 23 except when setting the torch angle.
In this case, the set bolt 2 is moved so that the pointer 234 is positioned at the confirmation position and the retraction position, respectively.
It is preferable to provide 35 and restraints as appropriate. Of course, the pointer 234 can be removed except when checking the position, but it is preferable to automatically retract it using a spring member, as shown in FIG.

In this case, when the pointer 234 is projected to the confirmation position,
It is preferable to use the set bolt 235 for positioning.

By the way, instead of the above-mentioned pointer 234, the angle adjustment member 2
32 and the third clamp member 233, an angle scale and a reference mark can be relatively arranged. in this case,
This is somewhat disadvantageous compared to when the pointer 234 is provided because the angle scale and the reference mark are in positions that are difficult to visually see, and the actual tip position of the torch T cannot be confirmed after setting the torch angle.

Next, a method for positioning the guide device 30 will be explained.

First, to explain the positioning gauge 46 for the guide rail, in FIGS. 8 and 9, 4] is the scale 4.
2 is attached to the gauge body, and 43 is a positioning block that is slidable relative to the gauge body 41 and whose position can be freely set using a setting tool 44, for example, a tightening screw. A section 431 is provided. In the illustrated case, the abutting portion 431 is formed to slidably fit and abut on the guide rail.

Reference numeral 45 denotes an abutment part 45 which is provided at the end of the gauge body 41 to protrude in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the gauge body 41, and this abutment part abutment 45 comes into contact with the end surface of the object W to be cut.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a cutting state using the plasma torch guide device 30, and shows the groove shape, that is, the groove angle θ, the thickness t of the cut object depending on the object W to be cut. and the root surface height a are determined as appropriate.

Depending on the variables θ, t, and a, it is necessary to change the distance between the guide rail 1 placed on the object W and the end surface of the object W.

Therefore, the distance between the axial center of the torch angle adjusting shaft 23 and the actual tip P of the torch T is C, the distance in the Y direction between the axial center of the torch angle adjusting shaft 231 and the guide rail 1 is C, and the cutting width is k. And as shown in the figure, L11L12. When L12 is determined, in plasma arc cutting, the plasma jet is directed in a direction slightly deviating from the object to be cut, so under the above cutting conditions, the groove angle θ is perpendicular to the surface of the wave-cut object. It is best to arrange the plane so that the plasma jet flow of the plasma torch T forms an approximate angle (θ-2)0, so Lo = (K/2) ・(1/cosθ) =
(K seeθ)/2゜L12- (t-a) ta
nθ.

L13=b 5in(θ-2) L=L+2 L11+L13-1-c From L=(t
-a) tanθ-(K seeθ)/2+bsin(θ
−2) + c −・−・=(1).

For example, when cutting the distance between the tip at the tip of the plasma torch and the object to be cut using a cutting current of 4IllI115 and a cutting condition of 80A, the approximate value is k = 3 mm.

In this case, if b=50mm and c=100mm, (
1) From the equation, a conversion table for the values of Σ shown in Table 1 can be obtained.

Now, as a pre-cutting operation, position the guide rail 1 with respect to the wave-cut object W. Select a value according to the groove shape from Table 1, and set the gauge body 4 to this value L.
The positioning block 43 is fixed to. In this case, the contact portion 431 that contacts the guide rail 1 and the positioning block 4
Since the position of the scale 42 corresponding to the distance Ω0 from the scale reading section 432 of No. 3 is shifted in the Y2 direction, the positioning block 43 can be easily set on the gauge body 41.

After this, the end face of the workpiece W to be cut and the guide rail 1 are brought into contact with the contact part 45 of the positioning gauge 46 and the contact part 431 of the positioning block 43, respectively, and this contact work is performed with the guide rail 1. 1, the positioning work of the guide rail 1 with respect to the object W to be cut is completed.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, the positioning block 43
When the contact portion 431 disposed on the guide rail 1 is pulsatably engaged with the guide rail 1, the positioning gauge 46 is moved while the contact portion 45 of the positioning gauge 46 is brought into contact with the end surface of the workpiece. By sliding along the guide rail 1 in the longitudinal direction of the guide rail 1, the guide rail 1 is positioned relative to the object W to be cut.

Further, although the groove angle θ is mostly 35° or 45°, it is of course preferable to obtain a conversion table for other angles.

Furthermore, during gas processing and arc welding, the processing jet tends to deviate from the workpiece, so the above equation (1) is also applied to gas processing and arc welding.

In addition, the clamp mechanism 2 that fixes the guide rail 1 to the workpiece may be a so-called toggle clamp mechanism, or a so-called toggle clamp mechanism or L
Tightening using metal fittings and fasteners (=1 mechanism can be used.

<Effects of the Invention> As is clear from the explanation in Section 2 below, the processing torch guide device according to the invention of Section 1? Z is a processing torch guide device in which a movable trolley carrying a processing torch is movably disposed along a rack (J guide rail) and the movable trolley is manually driven. A torch adjustment device is provided to connect the movable trolley, a DC motor reduction gear is provided to the movable cart, and the output shaft of the reduction gear is connected to the reduction gear.
A gear that meshes with the rack of the rail is attached, and a series circuit consisting of an umbrella resistor and a changeover switch is connected between the input terminals of the DC motor, and the braking state of the movable trolley is adjusted by selecting the resistance value of the variable resistor. At the same time, by opening the changeover switch, the moving cart is placed in a fast-forwarding state. Therefore, compared to conventional automatic processing equipment, it can be manufactured at a lower cost, and the various electrical equipment required for automatic processing equipment can be reduced. Since no cables are required, cables do not get in the way during work, which improves work efficiency.

Furthermore, when moving the movable cart manually, the speed of the movable cart can be changed to a desired state by adjusting the resistance value of the variable resistor described in 1. with a constant moving force applied. Therefore, machining can be performed at various machining speeds. Of course, since the movable cart is maintained in a desired braking state during movement, the speed does not suddenly change during movement, and smooth machining can be performed.

In addition, the processing torch guide jig according to the invention of Section 2 is
2. In the first aspect of the present invention, the torch adjustment device includes a first adjustment mechanism 1 that can be freely adjusted in a horizontal direction perpendicular to a running direction of the movable trolley when the movable trolley is running horizontally; 1 - a second adjustment mechanism that can be freely adjusted downward; supported by the second adjustment mechanism, and processed around an axis parallel to the traveling direction of the movable trolley; 3. Setting of the torch; Torch angle adjustment mechanism with adjustable angle,
When setting the torch angle to multiple specific angles, the torch angle can be specified because it is composed of multiple conversion scales arranged on the second adjustment mechanism so that the lower position of the torch tip remains unchanged. This makes it extremely easy to set the angle.

Furthermore, the invention of Section 3 sets the position of the positioning block to a value selected from a conversion table created according to the groove shape,
The positioning gauge equipped with the positioned positioning block positions the guide rail with respect to the workpiece, so the positioning work of the processing torch guide device including the guide rail can be performed extremely easily and reliably.

Of course, since there is no need for scribing work before cutting, which was required in the past, the efficiency of the cutting work is improved.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a part of the guide device according to the present invention, partially cut away, FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a front view of FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a view of FIG. 5 is a partially sectional view showing an enlarged main part of FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a view showing the movement of the guide device 30 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. State explanatory diagram, Fig. 7 is a modification of the main part of Fig. 5, Fig. 8 is a front view showing the positioning gauge for the guide rail, Fig. 9 is a plan view of Fig. 8, Fig. 10 is a groove Explanatory diagram of the positional relationship between the shape and the guide device, Figures 11(a) and (
b) is a perspective view showing an example of a workpiece to which the present invention is applied, FIG. 12(a) is a side view showing a conventional example, and FIG. 12(b)
) is a plan view of FIG. 12(a). ]...Guide rail, 10]...Rack, 3...Moving trolley 25...DC motor, 6...Reducer, 7...
Reducer with DC motor, 8,91.92...gear. 11... Selector switch, 12... Variable resistor. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21... First adjustment mechanism, 22... Second adjustment mechanism 23... Torch angle adjustment mechanism, 24... I/-ch angle conversion scale, 25... Torture IJ adjustment device, 30・
... Guidance device for processing torch 4] ... Gauge body,
43... Positioning block, 431... Contact portion,
・Contact part shrine, positioning gauge

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A processing torch guide device in which a movable trolley carrying a machining torch is disposed movably along a guide rail with a rack, and the movable trolley is manually driven. A torch adjustment device is provided to connect the movable trolley, a reducer with a DC motor is disposed on the movable trolley, a gear meshing with the rack of the guide rail is attached to the output shaft of the reducer, and the DC motor is connected to the movable trolley. A series circuit consisting of a variable resistor and a changeover switch is connected between the input terminals of the motor, and the braking state of the movable trolley is adjusted by selecting the resistance value of the variable resistor, and the movable trolley is operated by opening the changeover switch. A guide device for a processing torch characterized by a rapid traverse state. 2. The torch adjustment device is supported by a first adjustment mechanism that can be freely adjusted in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the movable trolley and the first adjustment mechanism when the movable trolley is running horizontally. a second adjustment mechanism that is adjustable in the vertical direction; and a torch angle adjustment mechanism that is supported by the second adjustment mechanism and that allows the setting angle of the processing torch to be adjusted around an axis parallel to the traveling direction of the movable trolley. , the processing torch guide according to item 1, comprising a plurality of conversion scales arranged on the second adjustment mechanism so as to keep the vertical position of the torch tip unchanged when the torch angle is set to a plurality of specific angles; Device. 3. A gauge body with a scale, a positioning block that is slidable relative to the gauge body and can be positioned freely and for positioning in contact with the guide rail, and a positioning block that is perpendicular to the axis of the gauge body at the end of the gauge body. A positioning gauge for the guide rail is constructed by a contact member that protrudes in the direction of the workpiece and contacts the end face of the workpiece. Create a conversion table that calculates the distance L between the accompanying contact member and the positioning block based on the formula below, determine the position of the positioning block according to the conversion table, and use the positioning gauge to adjust the guide rail. 2. A positioning method for positioning the processing torch guide device according to item 2. L=(t-a)tanθ-(ksecθ)/2+bsi
n(θ-2)+c (k: cutting width, b: distance between the torch angle adjustment shaft and the actual tip of the torch, c: distance between the torch angle adjustment shaft and the guide rail)