JPH04173030A - Method for cultivating plant and its apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To readily and surely enable cultivation of crops without any regard to areas, periods and weathers by installing a solution culture device, an attracting shelf and high-intensity discharge lamps, specifying the illuminance of the attracting shelf and elongating stems and leaves of the crops onto the attracting shelf. CONSTITUTION:A solution culture device 1, an attracting shelf 2 provided thereon and high-intensity discharge lamps 3 installed above the attracting shelf 2 are arranged. The horizontal illuminance in the initial period in 60% area of the attracting shelf 2 is regulated to >=1500 lx and stems and leaves of fruit vegetables such as tomato, cucumber, melon or gourd, flowers such as petunia or blue-crown passionflower or fruit trees such as grape or kiwi are elongated onto the attracting shelf 2. On the one hand, great accommodating effects in stores are obtained and, on the other hand, stable supply agricultural crops such as fruits or flowers can be carried out according to the aforementioned method.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method and apparatus for cultivating fruit vegetables, flowers, or fruit trees in a controlled environment using artificial light. .

[Conventional technology]

Cultivation of plants in a controlled environment using artificial light has traditionally been carried out on an experimental basis, and in recent years there has been active research and development into so-called plant factories for leafy vegetables such as saladana. We have already reached the stage of practical use.

However, for fruit vegetables, flowers, and fruit trees, only the seedling production stage is raised under a controlled environment using artificial light, or artificial light is used as supplementary light during cultivation.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, when growing fruit vegetables, flowers, and fruit tree seedlings in a controlled environment using artificial light, as in the past,
Since the subsequent growth takes place in the open ground or in a greenhouse, growth is affected by the season, region, and weather.Also, even if some artificial light is used, most of the light necessary for photosynthesis is dependent on sunlight. As a result, their growth is dependent on the season, region, and weather, making it impossible to cultivate these crops reliably and reliably in any case.

Furthermore, when fruit vegetables, etc. are grown on a trial basis in a controlled environment using artificial light, the cultivation state of fruit vegetables, etc. is not two-dimensional like saladana and other leafy vegetables, but three-dimensional. Polyneem is also large and requires a high level of illumination, making it difficult to apply artificial light and requiring a large number of artificial lights, which poses many technical and financial problems. No development is taking place.

[Means to solve the problem]

The present invention was made in view of such conventional problems, and it is possible to grow crops such as fruit vegetables, flowers, and fruit trees by region,
The purpose is to enable anyone to easily and reliably cultivate crops regardless of the season or weather.

The plant cultivation method of the present invention includes a hydroponic cultivation device [1], an attraction shelf (2) provided above the same, and a high-pressure discharge lamp (High Intensity D) provided above the attraction shelf (2).
ischargelamp) (3), and the initial horizontal illuminance in 60% or more of the area of the attraction shelf (2) is 15,000 lux or more, and fruit vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, melons, and gourds, flowers such as petunias and passionflowers, Alternatively, the special mold is to make the stems and leaves of fruit trees such as grapes and kiwis grow on the attraction shelf (2).

Further, the plant cultivation device of the present invention comprises a hydroponic cultivation device (1), an attraction side [2] provided above it, and a high-intensity discharge lamp (High Intensity Discharge Lamp) provided above the attraction side (2).
Dischargelamp) (3), the initial horizontal illuminance in 60% or more of the attraction side [2] is 15,000 lux or more, and the hydroponic cultivation device is equipped with a hydroponic system for growing fruit vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, melons, gourds, and petunias. , flowers such as passionflower, or fruit trees such as grapes and kiwi are planted, and the stems and leaves of the plants planted in the hydroponic cultivation device are extended above the attracting side (2). .

[For production]

By elongating the stems and leaves of fruit vegetables, flowers, and fruit trees (12), the cultivation surface becomes flat, making it easy to uniformly irradiate artificial light from above, and using plants as the light source. Using a high-pressure discharge lamp suitable for growth, the horizontal illuminance over 60% or more of the cultivation surface is 5ooo+u
Stable cultivation was possible by using xEJ.

The initial horizontal illuminance on 60% or more of the cultivation surface is 1500.
Ensure 0lux or more, and the initial luminous flux of the high pressure discharge lamp is 24
000 lumens to 40,000 lumens and equipped with a reflective shade, it is possible to almost eliminate leaf burn directly under the lamp, and furthermore, the vertical distance between the attracting side and the lamp can be reduced by 50 lumens.
cm to 100 cm, the unevenness of illuminance is reduced, and the area on the attracting side is 0.6 m' to 1.
By hanging one lamp per Om2, leaf burn,
And illuminance unevenness was almost minimized.

24,000 lumens to 40,000 lumens is the range of actual luminous flux variations determined from uneven illuminance directly under the lamps when a plurality of high-pressure discharge lamps with a rating of 32,000 lumens are used.

When the irradiation time per day was shorter than 12 hours, growth was considerably reduced, and even when it exceeded 18 hours, no significant growth promoting effect was obtained.

Next, the attracting side is fixed to the frame, the lamp is suspended from the horizontal bar attached to the top of the frame, and the hydroponic cultivation device is installed inside the frame (12), making the whole compact.
It is suitable for installing the device of the present invention on a relatively small scale in various stores or event venues for the purpose of attracting customers.

Furthermore, the hydroponic cultivation equipment is equipped with a main tank and an auxiliary tank,
By installing a water level sensor in the main tank or the auxiliary tank, the water level in the tank can be constantly monitored, and water can be automatically refilled in the main tank or water replenishment tank when the water level falls below a certain level. Furthermore, by attaching a water level sensor to the water replenishment tank, it becomes possible to notify the replenishment of water to the water replenishment tank using an alarm buzzer or an alarm lamp. Furthermore, by attaching casters to the bottom of the water replenishment tank and making the piping to the main body removable, refilling the water tank can be easily carried out by moving only the water tank to a place where there is water supply.

Furthermore, the refilling tank and refilling pump are housed inside the box.
The appearance is improved by covering the upper side of the frame with an opaque or translucent plate.

Alternatively, the high-pressure discharge lamp can be suspended directly from the ceiling of the building, the attracting side is fixed to the building itself or a support, and the hydroponic cultivation equipment is installed below it. This eliminates the need for a frame for fixing the attracting side, making it suitable for installing the device of the present invention for large-scale exhibitions or production.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

(Example 1) A case where this device is installed on a relatively small scale in various stores and event venues for the purpose of attracting customers will be described.

The plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention in this case is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the device, and FIG. 2 is a side view.

The frame body 6 is composed of an attraction side 2 in the middle and a horizontal bar 7 at the top for suspending the high pressure discharge lamp 3.

On the attracting side 2, Nister wires are stretched in a grid pattern at appropriate intervals, and the stems and leaves 4 of the plants are extended thereon. The attraction shelf 2 may be a string or wire other than the Nistar wire, or various rod-like objects.

A high-pressure discharge lamp 3 is suspended from the horizontal bar 7, and a reflective shade 4 is provided on the high-pressure discharge lamp 3 to concentrate the light of the high-pressure discharge lamp 3 onto the attraction shelf 2. A metal halide lamp with an initial luminous flux rating of 32,000 lumens is used as the high-pressure discharge lamp 3, and the vertical distance between the tip 5 of the lamp and the attraction shelf 2 is 70 cm, but a high-pressure sodium lamp can also be used as the light source.

Next, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 is installed on a box 16 that serves as a pedestal.

The hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 was of a circulation type and consisted of a cultivation tank and a main tank 8.

An auxiliary tank 9 is provided in communication with the main tank 8, while a refill tank 12 and a refill pump 13 are housed inside the box 16, and are connected to the auxiliary tank 9 via piping 14.

The auxiliary tank 9 is provided with a water level sensor 10, and when the water level of the main tank 8 decreases due to absorption by plants, the water level of the auxiliary tank 9 also decreases, and the water level sensor 10 of the auxiliary tank 9 detects this decrease in water level. to operate the supplementary water pump 13. As a result, the auxiliary tank 9 is refilled with water, and the water level of the auxiliary tank 9 and the main tank 10 is restored.

The water level sensor 10 can also be installed in the refilling tank 12 by connecting it to a buzzer or lamp.
Notify the decrease in the amount of water in step 2.

Further, casters 14 are attached to the bottom of the water replenishment tank 12, and the pipe 14 is detachable using an attachment/detachment tool 15, so that only the water replenishment tank 12 can be moved to the water source when refilling water.

Next, specific cultivation results will be explained based on an example conducted in 1990.

June 20th Sowing of cherry tomatoes July 18th (28th day after sowing) Flowering July 25th (35th day of same) The plant height is 5Qcm or more, and the stems have grown above the attraction shelf.

Harvest will be possible on August 10th (51st day).

In addition, the stems that grow above the attraction shelf are It is so heavy that it begins to collapse onto the ledge.

On August 21st (62nd day), the stems extended to the edge of the 4m'' attraction shelf.

On September 12th (84th day of the same year), the stems are layered on top of each other on the attracting shelf, the entire stem is covered with leaves, and fruit set is spread throughout.

After that, although there is some yellowing of the lower leaves, new stems and leaves gradually grow on the upper parts and fruit set increases, and growth does not decline.

(Embodiment 2) Next, a case where this device is installed for large-scale exhibition or production will be described.

The plant cultivation apparatus according to the present invention in this case is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 is a side view of the device, and FIG. 4 is a plan view.

A high-pressure discharge lamp 3 is suspended from the ceiling of the building 19, and an attraction shelf 2 on which iron wires are stretched in a lattice pattern at appropriate intervals is fixed to the side surface of the building 19 below. And below it is a hydroponic cultivation device 1 that places a cultivation tank on a pedestal and circulates the nutrient solution in the tank.
This is provided.

A reflective shade 4 is attached to the high-pressure discharge lamp to attract light and concentrate it on the shelf.

In addition to iron wire, the attraction shelf 2 may be made of Nistar wire, string, or various rod-like objects.

In addition, the hydroponic system [1 is N F T (Nutrient
The Fil+nTechnique) method or the Rockwool method may also be used.

Next, a temperature control device 18 is installed inside the building 19 to prevent the inside of the building 19 from becoming high temperature due to a rise in outside temperature or exhaust heat from high-pressure discharge lamps, and to prevent the inside of the building 19 from becoming low due to a drop in outside temperature. It is a provision.

Figures 5 and 6 show other examples of attraction shelves,
By pulling the part of the attraction shelf directly below the lamp downward and lowering the area directly below the lamp, extremely high illuminance directly below is prevented and the difference in illuminance with the surrounding area is reduced.

Figures 7 and 8 show still other examples of attraction shelves.
In large-scale cultivation for production, it is possible to use the area more easily and effectively. This increases the amount of stems and leaves even if the area is the same, further increasing the yield.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The present invention is as described above, and the stems and leaves of fruit vegetables, flowers, and fruit trees can be extended onto the attraction shelf, and since the cultivation surface is flat, it is easy to uniformly apply artificial light from above. This can be done by using a high-pressure discharge lamp and increasing the horizontal illuminance to 15,000 lu over 60% or more of the cultivation surface.
Stable cultivation was possible by setting x or higher.

Moreover, if the initial horizontal illuminance of 15,000 lux or more is secured on 60% or more of the cultivation surface, the initial luminous flux of the high-pressure discharge lamp is 24,000 to 40,000 lumens, and a reflective shade is provided, leaf burn directly under the lamp can be almost eliminated. I was able to do that.

Furthermore, the vertical distance between the attraction shelf and the lamp should be set to 50cm to 10cm.
When it is set to 0 cm, there is little unevenness in illuminance, and because one high-pressure discharge lamp is suspended over the area of the attraction shelf from 0.6 m'' to 1.0 m'', there is almost no leaf burn and uneven illuminance. lost.

In addition, if the attraction shelf is fixed to the frame, the lamp is suspended from the horizontal bar attached to the top, and the hydroponic cultivation device is installed inside the frame (12), the entire structure becomes compact and the book is It is suitable for installing the invention device on a relatively small scale in various stores or event venues for the purpose of attracting customers.

Furthermore, if the hydroponic cultivation device is equipped with a main tank and an auxiliary tank, and a water level sensor is installed on the main tank or the auxiliary tank, the water level of the tank can be constantly monitored, and if the main tank or supplementary water tank becomes below a certain water level. Automatic water replenishment is possible. Furthermore, by attaching a water level sensor to the water replenishment tank, it becomes possible to notify the replenishment of water to the water replenishment tank using an alarm buzzer or an alarm lamp. Furthermore, by attaching casters to the bottom of the water replenishment tank and making the piping to the main body removable, refilling the water tank can be easily carried out by moving only the water tank to a place where there is water supply.

In addition, the refilling water tank and refilling pump are housed inside the box.
When covering the upper side of the frame with an opaque or translucent plate,
This improves the appearance.

In addition, if a high-pressure discharge lamp is suspended directly from the ceiling of the building, an attraction shelf is anchored to the building itself or a support, and a hydroponic cultivation device is installed below that, the high-pressure discharge lamp must be suspended. There is no need for a frame body for fixing the drawer or the attraction shelf, making it suitable for installing the device of the present invention for large-scale exhibitions or production purposes. When installed on a relatively small scale, fruit vegetables, flowers, and fruit trees can be grown indoors, where it is normally difficult to grow them, and can be grown reliably no matter who does it at any time. It improves the atmosphere inside the store, etc., and has a great effect on attracting customers.

In addition, when the device according to the present invention is displayed on a relatively large scale or used for production, it can be cultivated reliably regardless of the weather or climate differences between regions, and visitors can look under the widely spread stems and leaves of plants. can move freely, while for production purposes, a stable supply of fruits and flowers is possible regardless of whether it is extremely hot or cold.

As described above, according to the present device, on the one hand, it is possible to obtain a great effect of attracting customers to the store, and on the other hand, it is possible to stably supply agricultural products such as fruits and flowers.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a perspective view showing another example of the attraction shelf of the same embodiment; FIG. 4 is a side view of the same; FIG. 5 is a side view showing still another embodiment; The diagram is
FIG.

Claims (13)

[Claims] (1) Hydroponic cultivation device (1) and an attraction shelf installed above it (
2) and a high pressure discharge lamp (
HighIntensityDischargelam
p) (3), and the initial horizontal illuminance in 60% or more of the area of the attraction shelf (2) is 15,000 lux or more, and fruit vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, melons, and gourds, flowers such as petunias and passionflowers, Or, a plant cultivation method characterized by extending the stems and leaves of fruit trees such as grapes and kiwis on the attraction shelf (2). (2) Hydroponic cultivation device (1) and an attraction shelf installed above it (
2) and a high pressure discharge lamp (
HighIntensityDischargelam
p) (3), the initial horizontal illuminance in 60% or more of the area of the attraction shelf (2) is 15,000 lux or more, and the hydroponic system is equipped with fruit vegetables such as tomatoes, cucumbers, melons, gourds, and petunias. , flowers such as passionflower, or fruit trees such as grapes and kiwifruit are planted, and the stems and leaves of the plants planted in the hydroponic cultivation device are extended onto the attraction shelf (2). Plant cultivation equipment. (3) The high-pressure discharge lamp (3) has an initial luminous flux of 24,000 lumens to 40,000 lumens per lamp,
3. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a reflective shade (4) provided on the high pressure discharge lamp. (4) The tip (5) of the high pressure discharge lamp (3) and the attraction shelf (2)
) The plant cultivation device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the vertical distance between the plant cultivation device and the plant cultivation device is 50 cm to 100 cm. (5) The plant cultivation device according to claim 4, wherein one high-pressure discharge lamp (3) is provided for every 0.6 m^2 to 1.0 m^2 of the area of the attraction shelf (2). (6) The lighting time of the high pressure discharge lamp (3) per day is 1
The plant cultivation device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the cultivation period is 2 hours to 18 hours. (7) The attraction shelf (2) is fixed to the frame (6), and
) is provided with a horizontal bar (7) for suspending the high-pressure discharge lamp (3), and a hydroponic cultivation device (1) is installed inside the frame (6).
) The method for cultivating plants according to claim 5. (8) The plant cultivation method according to claim 7, wherein the hydroponic cultivation device (1) is provided with a main tank or an auxiliary tank, and the main tank (8) or the auxiliary tank (9) is provided with a water level sensor (10). . (9) Refilling tank for refilling the main tank or auxiliary tank (
12), and a water level sensor (1
9. The method for cultivating plants according to claim 8, further comprising: 0). (10) There are casters (1
1), which includes a refill tank (12) and a refill pump (13).
and piping (14) connecting the supplementary water tank (12) and the main tank (10) or the auxiliary tank (9).
10. The method for cultivating plants according to claim 9, wherein the container is detachable by an attachment/detachment tool. (11) The supplementary water tank (12) and the supplementary water pump (13) are
11. The plant cultivation device according to claim 10, wherein the plant cultivation device is housed inside a box (16) serving as a stand for the hydroponic cultivation device (1). (12) The plant cultivation device according to claim 6 or 11, wherein an opaque or translucent flat plate (17) is provided on the upper side surface of the frame (6). (13) Temperature control device capable of cooling and/or heating (1
An attraction shelf (2) is provided in a building (19) having Hydroponic cultivation equipment (
1) The plant cultivation device according to claim 5, further comprising: 1).