JPH0418318B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (1) Technical Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that optimizes the slide time from a starting key to a destination key in a device that generates a portamento effect or a chromatic grissando effect. It is.

(2) Prior art and problems Conventionally, the present applicant has developed a system in which the fundamental frequency of a musical tone generated by pressing a key is a frequency number read out from the key data of each key in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 53-132326 ``Electronic Musical Instrument.'' Electronic musical instrument proportional to (U.S. Patent No.
No. 4085644 and No. 4067254), we proposed a device that adds natural-looking glide effects, portamento effects, etc. with a simple configuration.

Figure 1 is the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 53-132326 "Electronic Musical Instrument"
The parts necessary for explaining the present invention are extracted from FIG. 1, and the name numbers are the same. The portion surrounded by the dashed line in the figure corresponds to the portamento chromatic glissando effect generator 100 of the conventional example shown in FIG. 2 and the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 3, which will be described later.
In the figure, when the key data of the first pressed key is generated on l1 to l21 from the key code register 1, the key data latch pulse generating circuit 22 generates l2 to l2 based on the signal from the envelope generating circuit.
A latch pulse is generated in both 2 and 123, and this key data is stored in the follow-up key data calculation register 23 and the target key data register 25. 2
When the key data of the second pressed key is generated on l1 to l21 from the key code register 1, a latch pulse is generated on l23, the second key data is stored in the target key data register 25, and the target key data B becomes.

The key data of the first pressed key is stored as follow-up key data A in the follow-up key data calculation register 23.
It remains stored in . Follow-up key data A and target key data B are compared by a comparator 24.

At the first press, a signal is generated on l24 of A=B, which resets the counter 29 via the NOT gate 33 and also causes the AND gate 31 to be reset.
Turn it OFF. When the condition A=B is not satisfied by the second press, the signal on l24 disappears and the counter 29 is reset and the AND gate 31 is turned off.
Release the condition.

If A>B, the follow-up key data A is larger, so the selector 26 sets the output on l27 of the counter 29 that counts the output of the clock generator 30 to l32.
The data is sent upward, and the contents of the follow-up key data calculation register 23 are subtracted by 1. If it is A'B, the target key data B is larger, so the content of the follow-up key data calculation register 23 is added by 1 based on the output of the counter 29, which is similarly sent to l33. In this way, the follow-up key data A approaches the target key data B, and when both match exactly, A=B is established again, a signal is generated on 124, the counter 29 is reset, and the AND gate 31 is also turned off. If the AND gate 31 is in the interval A>B or A<B, that is, in the frequency slide interval, and the switch is turned to the PORT. side, it will be ON, and the output on l28 of the clock generator 30 will be on l13. Sent out. If the switch is knocked down on the C-GLISS. side, it will be turned OFF unconditionally. counter 29 l
The output on 27 corresponds to the time to step between half-tone intervals, and the output on l28 of clock generator 30 corresponds to the time to step more finely between half-tone intervals. Follow-up key data A, which is calculated by ±1 at the output timing of the counter 29, becomes an address signal for the note frequency number memory 5 via l5 to l10, and follow-up key data A that changes at semitone intervals.
The frequency number corresponding to the note frequency number is sent on l11 with R as the note frequency number. In the end, the note frequency number R changes at semitone intervals in accordance with the output of the counter 29 until the follow-up key data A becomes equal to the target key data B, realizing a chromatic glissando effect movement.

If the switch is defeated on the C-GLISS. side,
Since no signal is generated on l13, the data selector 6 is turned off, and the division note frequency number Q' on l14 becomes 00, which is the output of the accumulator 7, l1.
The cumulative note frequency number Q″ on 5 also becomes 0.
Therefore, the calculation note frequency number R' on l17, which is the output of the adder 9, becomes equal to R.

Eventually, based on R', the frequency generator 12 converts it into a frequency signal proportional to the calculated note frequency number R', drives the musical sound waveformer 13, and emits the sound in the sound system 14, thereby realizing a chromatic grissando effect. can.

On the other hand, if the switch is turned to the RORT. side, the AND gate 31 is turned on and the output on l28 of the clock pulse generator 30 is sent on l13 during the interval of A>B or A<B. That is,
Every time a clock pulse is generated at l28, the data selector 6 is turned on, and the divided note frequency number Q'=R/N, which is obtained by dividing R by N, is sent onto l14. Accumulator 7 accumulates Q' occurring on l14. After accumulating a certain number of times p, the output on l27 of the counter 29 is sent to the selector 26 at the next clock pulse, and the follow-up key data calculation register 23 performs a calculation of ±1.
Clears the contents of accumulator 7 via AND gate 36 and clears the contents of accumulator 7 via AND gate 35
is temporarily turned OFF to prevent Q' from being sent from the data selector 6 to the accumulator 7. complementer 8
is controlled by the signal on l25, and if A>B then l1
Q" on 5 is sent as -Q", otherwise it is sent to l16 as +Q" and inputted to adder 9. In other words, the larger the key data is, the higher the note frequency is (the higher the note frequency). Therefore, if the tracking key data A is larger than the target key data B, the note frequency number R, which is proportional to the note frequency, is also larger in the tracking key data A, so the note frequency number R is subtracted. It is necessary to convert Q″ to -Q″.Of course, if A<B, Q″ can be +Q″.

As an example, note frequency numbers R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃
(R ₁ < R ₂ < R ₃ ) are each at semitone intervals, and if follow-up key data A corresponds to R ₁ and target key data B corresponds to R ₃ , then each time a clock pulse occurs on l13, , the calculation note frequency number R′ is R ₁
From R ₁ +R ₁ /N → R ₁ +2 (R ₁ /N) → R ₁ +3
(R ₁ /N)...→R ₁ +p(R ₁ /N), p
At +1st clock pulse, counter 29 to l
An output occurs on 27 and the follow-up key data A is updated to become R ₂ , clearing the contents of accumulator 7 (here p(R ₁ /N)) via NAND gate 36 .
Due to the p+2nd and subsequent clock pulses, R ₂ →
R ₂ +R ₂ /N→R ₂ +2 (R ₂ /N)...→R ₂ +p
(R ₂ /N)→R ₂ , A=B is established, and the frequency slide stops. In _other words _, each R _{1 ,}
By interpolating between R ₂ and R ₃ , a smoothly changing calculated note frequency number R' can be obtained, and the portamento effect can be realized.

Both of the effects that are problematic in the present invention are the portamento effect, in which the musical tone frequency of the musical tone continuously shifts from the pressed key to the next pressed key, and the portamento effect, in which the musical tone frequency continuously shifts from the pressed key to the next pressed key. The chromatic glissando effect, in which the sound frequency shifts in discrete changes at semitone intervals, is carried out in the present proposal at a throughride speed proportional to the period of each slide clock pulse output from one clock generator 30. That is, since both the portamento effect and the chromatic grissando effect are based on the note frequency number R read out by the change in the follow-up key data A that is updated according to the output of the counter 29 sent out on the l27,
The time required to transition from one pressed key to the next pressed key will be the same for both effects.

FIG. 2 shows a conventional example that is a simplified version of FIG. 1, and the problems will be explained using this example. That is, the portamento/chromatic glissando effect generator 100 is provided with a slide clock generator 101 corresponding to the clock generator 30 of FIG. The slide speeds of both effects are determined in proportion to the frequency of the slide clock on line 128 generated from this, and frequency information for generating musical tone frequencies is sent to a musical tone frequency generator (not shown).

Since this slide clock frequency is constant, the time it takes to slide from the starting key to the destination key is proportional to the pitch interval (difference in number of keys). For example, on a keyboard with 61 keys (C ₂ to _{C 7} ), this is especially true when the starting key is C ₂ and the destination key is C ₇ .
If you set the slide clock so that the arrival time from C ₂ to C ₇ is the optimal time t _x , the slide time for the starting key C ₂ and the destination key C # ₂ will be t _x /60, which is extremely The amount of time it takes is so short that it is difficult to perceive the sliding sensation visually. In addition, on the other hand, the sliding time t _o from the starting key C ₂ to the destination key C # ₂
If you set the slide clock so that there is a feeling of sliding, the sliding time from starting key C ₂ to destination key ₇ will be 60·t _o , which is longer than necessary and you will be frustrated because you cannot easily reach from the starting key to the destination key. It gives you a feeling of In other words, once the slide clock frequency is set, it remains constant, so the slide time for many differences in the number of keys becomes unsatisfactory, which is very inconvenient for performance.

(3) Purpose of the Invention The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument in which the slide time from the starting key to the destination key is set to be optimal in a device that generates a portamento effect or a chromatic glissando effect.

(4) Structure of the Invention In order to achieve the above object, the electronic musical instrument of the present invention has a portamento effect in which the musical tone frequency continuously shifts from one pressed key to the next pressed key, and a discrete transition at chromatic pitch intervals. Means for detecting the number of key differences between a starting key and a destination key in an electronic musical instrument in which a transitional chromatic glissando effect is slid by the frequency of a slide clock output from a slide clock generator; The present invention is characterized by comprising means for changing the frequency of the slide clock according to the difference in the number of keys, so that the slide time from the starting key to the destination key is optimized.

(5) Embodiments of the Invention FIG. 3 is a general explanatory view of the operation of the slide effect, and FIGS. 4a and 4b are explanatory views of the principle in comparison with the conventional example and the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing how the slide clock upslides from the D# note to the F note. Although the chromatic scale is shown as eight levels that are continuous and cause no problems in terms of hearing, the scale is not limited to this.

The chromatic scale from D# to E is calculated by subtracting the frequency information of the D# note from the frequency information of the E note, dividing the subtraction result by the number of steps 8, and accumulating the division result with the slide clock. The cumulative result is added to the D# sound, and the addition result is used as frequency information at each stage. However, there are cases where the division result cannot be expressed within the accuracy of the division means, so when the division result is added to the frequency information at t ₇ to transition from t 7 to t ₈ , the frequency information at t ₇ may deviate from the actual E note.
Since it becomes the E' sound, the frequency information of the E sound is output directly at time _t8 . Then, the chromatic scale from E to F is performed in the same manner. In this way, by combining each chromatic scale, D
# A slide is made from the note to the F note. This D
# If the slide time from the note to the F note is t, then it is 2・_ta , which is twice the slide time of the chromatic scale _ta , and if the slide clock speed is t _s , then it is 16・
It is _ts . From the above, the slide time t is expressed by the relational expression t=2·t _a =16·t _s .

Also, in the same figure, when there is a portamento effect, ●○,
Frequency information at each time point indicated by a circle is sent to the musical tone frequency generator, and the tone generation frequency is shifted to an extent that causes no audible problem.

In the case of chromatic grits sand, frequency information only at a certain point in time, indicated by ●○, is sent to the musical tone frequency generator, and transitions are made by discrete changes in chromatic intervals.

FIG. 4 shows a graph (a) showing the relationship between the difference in the number of keys (interval interval) and the required slide time, and a graph (b) showing the relationship between the difference in the number of keys and the slide clock speed. The solid line indicates the conventional method, that is, the case where the slide clock is constant, and the broken line indicates the present invention. Fourth
In the graph of Figure a, the solid line indicates that the sliding time from the starting key to the destination key is proportional to the difference in the number of keys from the starting key to the destination key. In other words, if the sliding time at chromatic intervals is _ta , then the required sliding time for a difference in the number of keys n is n· _ta .

The broken line indicates that the time required for sliding from the starting key to the destination key is not proportional to the difference in the number of keys from the starting key to the destination key. In other words, if the sliding time of a chromatic interval is _ta , then the required sliding time for a difference in the number of keys n is not n· _ta . Figure 4b is shown to correspond to Figure 4a, and the solid line is constant regardless of the difference in the number of keys when the solid line in Figure 4a shows that the required slide time is proportional to the difference in the number of keys. The dashed line indicates that the slide clock speed is _{t so due} to the difference in the number of keys in the case of the present invention shown by the dashed line in FIG. 4a.
(n: difference in the number of keys), which means that the slide clock speed is changed for every difference in the number of keys n. Although shown here as a broken line for the purpose of explaining the present invention, the slope of the straight line may be set arbitrarily, it does not have to be a straight line, and the difference in the number of keys can be grouped, that is, the difference in the number of keys , 2] are the same as [3, 4]
...The slide clock speed may be set as [n-1, n]. In this way, the above-mentioned characteristics shown in FIG. You can configure it like this.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.

The portamento chromatic glissando effect generator 100 is similar to that shown in FIG. The portamento/chromatic glissando effect generator 100 is driven by the slide clock from the slide clock generator 201, and converts frequency information into musical tone frequencies for generating musical tone frequencies at a speed corresponding to the speed of the slide clock. to a generator (not shown). As a result, the change in musical tone frequency corresponds to the speed of the slide clock. However, in the present invention, the plurality of keys are 61 keys from C ₂ to C ₇ , and C ₂
~ _C7 is numbered 0 to 60 (hereinafter referred to as number), and before the slide effect starts, the starting key number and the target key number are sent from the key assigner (not shown) to the key number difference detector 203 that calculates the key number difference. come. When each key number is sent, the key number difference detector 203 calculates the difference in the number of keys and stores the result in the frequency conversion data memory 20.
Send to 2. The frequency conversion data memory stores conversion data for changing the slide clock speed from the slide clock generator 201 according to the difference in the number of keys. Then, the corresponding conversion data is read out and sent to the slide clock generator 201. Then, the slide clock at the speed determined by the difference in the number of keys from the slide clock generator 201 is generated by the portamento chromatic glissando effect generator 101.
is applied to

Therefore, the required slide time is not proportional to the difference in the number of keys, but can be optimally selected according to the difference in the number of keys.

Figure 6 shows the slide clock generator 20 of Figure 5.
1 is a detailed diagram of FIG.

The frequency conversion data corresponding to the key number difference sent from the frequency conversion data memory (corresponding to 202 in FIG. 5) is held in the latch 302 before the slide effect starts, and the conversion data is sent from the latch 302 to the system clock. The signal is applied to a program counter 301 that can be divided arbitrarily. The program counter 301 divides the frequency of the system clock based on the applied conversion data, and generates a slide clock with an optimal speed according to the difference in the number of keys.

Figure 7 shows the slide clock generator 20 of Figure 5.
FIG. 1 is another detailed view of FIG.

The frequency conversion data corresponding to the key number difference sent from the frequency conversion data memory (corresponding to 202 in FIG. By controlling the oscillator (VCO) 401, the voltage controlled oscillator 401 oscillates a slide clock at a frequency (speed) corresponding to the difference in the number of keys.

(6) Effects of the Invention As explained above, according to the present invention, in a device that generates a portamento effect or a chromatic glissando effect, the frequency of the slide clock is adjusted according to the difference in the number of keys between a starting key and a destination key. It is equipped with means for changing the key so that the sliding time from the starting key to the destination key is optimized. This prevents the sliding time from the starting key to the destination key being too quick and causing a loss of the sliding feel, or the sliding time becoming too long and causing a feeling of frustration due to not being able to reach the starting key to the destination key, resulting in an optimal slide. It is possible to create an effect over time.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of a portamento/chromatic grissando effect generator according to the proposed example, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of problems with the conventional example, which is a simplified version of FIG. 1.
Figure 3 is a general explanation diagram of the operation of the slide effect, Figure 4
Figures a and b are principle explanatory diagrams comparing the operation of the conventional example and the present invention, Figure 5 is a diagram explaining the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention, and Figures 6 and 7 are details of the main parts of the embodiment. In the figure, 100 is a portamento/chromatic glissando generator, 201 is a slide clock generator, 202 is a frequency conversion data memory, and 203 is a key number difference detector.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The portamento effect, in which the musical tone frequency continuously shifts from one pressed key to the next pressed key, and the chromatic glissando effect, in which the musical tone frequency shifts discretely at chromatic pitch intervals, are generated by the slide clock output from the slide clock generator. In an electronic musical instrument that is slid by the frequency of a clock, means for detecting a difference in the number of keys between a starting key and a destination key, and means for changing the frequency of the slide clock according to the detected difference in the number of keys. An electronic musical instrument characterized in that the sliding time from the starting key to the destination key is optimized.