JPH04200900A - Apparatus for compressing refuses and method for driving this - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve charging efficiency by obtaining number of cycle times for charging full of refuses into a container from the average charged wt. at each compressing cycle in an apparatus for containing the refuses into the container under compressing. CONSTITUTION:In the apparatus for charging the refuses in the container 3 by reciprocatively shifting a pressing ram arranged as shiftable in a compressor 1 having a supplying hole for refuse at the upper part and a discharging hole at the front part, a shifting position detector for the ram and a wt. detector, are arranged and the average charging wt. in each compressive cycle for refuse is obtd. Then, the movement of pressing ram is controlled with a control unit from the number of cycle times and the detected value of ram position. By this method, the refuses are charged without over-charging and wasteful gap in the container and the high charging efficiency is obtd.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a garbage compacting device for compressing and storing garbage in a container, and a method of operating the same.

[Conventional technology]

At garbage transfer stations where garbage is collected from urban areas, garbage compactors are installed to compress and store waste in containers loaded onto transport vehicles.

The structure of this garbage compaction device is as shown in Figs. A lashing device 35 is provided at the pusher 19 of the compressor 1 to detachably connect the container 3.

This compression device reciprocates the press ram 21 between the supply port 18 and the container 3 to compress and store the waste supplied into the compressor 1 from the supply port into the container 3.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

By the way, in the above-mentioned garbage compression device, the volume of garbage stored in each garbage compression cycle can be determined by multiplying the area of the extrusion port 19 by the movement stroke of the pressing ram 21, and The number of compression cycles until the container is fully loaded is determined by dividing the volume of waste per cycle by the internal volume of the container. However, with the above method, the change in the specific gravity of the supplied waste is too small.
Since the number of cycles is calculated based on a constant average specific gravity, there is a problem in that if the specific gravity of the garbage changes, the change in the weight of the garbage will impede storage.

For example, if the specific gravity of the garbage to be stored is greater than the standard gravity, the weight of the container in the stored state becomes heavier than the allowable cumulative weight of the container, which may result in overloading. On the other hand, if the standard specific gravity is adjusted to the specific gravity of the heaviest garbage in order to avoid overloading, there is a drawback that the volume of garbage stored in the container becomes insufficient and the storage efficiency decreases.

In addition, before supplying to the compressor, we measure the specific gravity of the garbage in advance.
Is it possible to consider a method to calculate the number of compression cycles based on this? Even if the specific gravity is the same, the amount of volume compressed by the press ram changes depending on the difference in hardness and density of the trash.
The disadvantage is that the volume of garbage stored in the container fluctuates, making it difficult to achieve stable storage efficiency.

Therefore, the object of this invention is to provide a garbage compaction device and its operating method that can obtain stable garbage storage efficiency regardless of changes in the specific gravity and density of the supplied garbage. .

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to solve the above problems, the garbage compaction device of the present invention is provided with a weight detector for detecting the amount of the container and a position detector for detecting the moving position of the pressing ram. From the stored weight of garbage, calculate the average stored weight for each trash compactor, calculate the number of compression cycles from this average stored weight until the container is fully loaded, and based on the calculated number of cycles and the detected value of the position detector. A control device for controlling the movement of the pressing ram (I
It has a tif structure.

In addition, the operating method of the invention detects the change in weight of the container by dividing the connected state of the container by jlW during the garbage compression vehicle, and calculates the average stored weight for each compression cycle from the detected value. At the same time, the number of compression cycles until the container is fully loaded is determined from the average stored weight and the allowable loading weight of the container, and the press run is reciprocated by the determined number of recycles.

[Effect]

In the garbage compaction device and operating method described in 11, the average storage weight is calculated by detecting the weight change of the container in which the garbage is actually compressed and stored in each garbage compression cycle, and the number of cycles is calculated from the average storage weight. Therefore, it is possible to find the number of cycles that can reliably fill the container even if the specific gravity and density of the garbage changes.

Note that it is necessary to detect the stored weight with the container and compressor disconnected, but by releasing the connection when the repulsive force of the garbage applied to the pressing ram becomes less than a predetermined value, It is possible to prevent the container from suddenly moving away from the compressor due to the pressure of the compressed waste.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the trash compaction device includes a compressor 1 equipped with a trash supply hopper 4 at the top, and a container 3.
The container truck 2 has rails 5 laid in a direction perpendicular to the compressor 1.
Two units are connected to each other at the top.

Among these two container trolleys 2, one trolley 2a is located at a position where it can be connected to the compressor 1, and the other trolley 2b faces the location 6 where containers are loaded and unloaded onto the container transport vehicle. While the garbage from the compressor 1 is being stored in the container 3 on the truck 2a, the container 3 on the container truck 2b can be loaded and unloaded from the transport vehicle.

As shown in FIG. 3, the container truck 2 described above is formed by attaching a mounting table 10 to a support frame 8 to which running wheels 7 are attached via a plurality of weight detectors S such as load cells.
A moving cylinder 11 that slides the container truck along the rails 5 is connected to the lower surface of the support frame 8.

In addition, the wheels 1 at the bottom of the container 3 are mounted on the top surface of the mounting table 10.
2 toward the compressor 1.
3.13 is provided, and a container 3 is provided at the front of the compressor 1.
A retracting device 14 is provided for retracting along the guide rail 13.

The detection values at each position detected by the plurality of weight detectors S are introduced into a weight calculation device 15 built in the trolley 2 to calculate the overall weight, and the weight calculated by the weight calculation device 15 is The signal is output to the control device 16 as shown in FIG.

Note that 17 is a steady rest for the mounting table 10 relative to the support frame 8.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the compressor 1 is provided with a supply port 18 communicating with the waste supply hopper 4 at the top, and an extrusion port having approximately the same shape as the container's waste input port at the front. 19 are provided. On both sides of the rear bottom of the compressor 1, longitudinal guide rails 20 are provided.
A pressing ram 21 is movably attached to this guide rail 20.

The pressing ram 21 includes a pressing plate 22 and skirt plates 23 and 24 attached rearward to the upper, lower and both sides of the pressing plate.
The length of the upper skirt plate 23 is formed to be larger than the longitudinal length of the supply port 18, and when the ram 21 moves to the front end of the compressor 1 or deep into the container, the upper skirt plate 23 The supply port 18 is kept cold.

This pressing plate 22 is formed to have the same size as the cross-sectional shape of the compressor 1, and a ram moving cylinder 25 is connected to the rear thereof. It is fixed to via a support stand 26.

Furthermore, the press plate 22 is formed with a handle insertion hole 30 through which a handle 29 for securing the lid plate 28 of the container is inserted when the lid plate 28 of the container is fixed to the front surface, and the lower skirt plate 2
A cover plate securing device 31 for holding the handle 2S and fixing the cover plate 28 to the pressing plate 22 is provided on the upper part of the cover plate 4.

A row encoder 32, which is a position detector, is attached to the rear end of the compressor 1, and a wire 33 drawn out from it is connected to the rear end of the press plate 22.

In this low re-encoder 32, the pressing plate 22 is connected to the compressor 1.
When the wire 33 moves in and out, the wire 33 moves in and out.
The position of the pressing plate 22 is detected by the movement of
The detection signal is transmitted to the control device 1 similarly to the weight calculation device 15.
6 is output.

Further, the drive cylinder 25 of the pressing ram 21 is provided with an oil pressure detector 34 that detects the oil pressure inside the cylinder, and the detected value of this oil pressure detector 34 is displayed on a display meter and is also It is output to the device 16.

On the other hand, on both sides of the front part of the compressor 1, a container securing device 35 is provided to fix the rear part of the container 3 to the front part of the compressor m1.

As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, this container lashing device 35 includes a bracket 3 protruding from the side plate 1a of the compressor 1.
6, a fixing member 3 formed by arranging two plates in parallel
7 is attached, one end of a triangular link plate 39 is connected to the rear end of this fixing portion 37 via a pin 38, and a lashing cylinder 40 is connected to the other end of the link plate 39.

Also, at the other end of the link plate 3, there is an actuating plate 41.
A hook lever is connected to the other end of this actuating plate 41.
42 and both ends of the pin 43 protruding from the connecting part with the hook lever are connected to the fixing member 37.
It is movably fitted into an elongated hole 44 in the front-rear direction provided in the front-back direction.

Furthermore, a hook lever 42 is attached to the rear frame 45 of the container.
A locking groove 47 is formed in which a hook portion 46 at the tip of the locking groove 47 is engaged.

In the container lashing device 35 having the above structure, as shown by the solid line in FIG. The rear end of the actuating plate 41 is held by moving.
However, in this case, the tip of the actuating plate 41 moves forward as the pin 43 slides within the elongated hole 44. Therefore, the tip of the hook lever 42 moves straight forward horizontally and disengages from the engagement groove 47.

When the pin 43 moves to the front end of the elongated hole 44, the actuating plate 41
rotates upward about the pin 43, and the hook lever 42
The tip rotates downward. In this case, the bracket 36
However, as shown in FIG. 6, since the hook lever 42 is attached with an inclination so that its lower end is separated from the side plate 1a of the compressor 1, the tip of the hook lever 42 is moved away from the side plate of the container as it rotates downward. The rear frame 4 separates and protrudes from its side plate.
5 or tailgate without taking 1,700 steps.

When the lashing cylinder 40 contracts, contrary to the above, the tip of the hook lever 42 rotates upward and then touches the pin 43.
By sliding in the elongated hole 44, the engaging groove 4 moves straight rearward.
7. Then, as the lashing cylinder 40 gradually contracts and the actuating plate 41 rotates, the hook lever 4
2 pulls the rear frame 45 rearward and press-fits it to the front surface of the compressor 1.

Here, the lashing cylinder 40 is, as shown in FIG.
It is formed by connecting two independent hydraulic cylinders 48, 49 in series, and a hydraulic pump 52 is connected to each of the hydraulic cylinders 48, 49 via a solenoid valve 50, 51, respectively.

As shown in FIG.
- The oil pressure detector 34 detects when the pressure inside the ram drive cylinder 25, which is generated by the repulsive force of dirt against the press ram, has fallen below a predetermined value. Then, each hydraulic cylinder 48.4S operates independently by changing the flow of hydraulic oil.

In this case, the movement stroke of one hydraulic cylinder 48 is set to a stroke that is enough to move the hook lever 42 in a straight line in the front-rear direction with respect to the locking groove 47 to the extent that the lashing is loosened, as described above, and the movement stroke of the other hydraulic cylinder The moving stroke I/loaf No. 49 is set to a straight movement for releasing the lashing and a second stroke for rotating the hook lever in a direction away from the engagement portion.

The control device 16 includes a weight calculation device 1 as shown in FIG.
Detection signals are constantly input from 5, rotary encoder 32, and oil pressure detector 34. From these input signals, the average storage weight for each compression cycle by the press ram is calculated, and from the calculated weight, the number of compression cycles until the container is fully loaded is calculated. is calculated, and the operation of the compressor is controlled based on this number of cycles.

The trash compacting device of this embodiment has the structure described above.Next, a trash storage operation using this device will be explained.

Before the garbage storage operation, as shown in FIG. 1I(a), the ram 21 moves forward to block the supply port 18 of the hopper 4, and first, the container 3 placed on the container truck 2 is pulled in It is pulled toward the compressor 1 by the device 14, and the garbage input port 27 of the container and the extrusion port 19 of the compressor are fitted together.

Next, the container securing device 35 is activated to secure the container 3 to the compression 8!11, and then the lid plate securing device 31 is activated to secure the lid plate 28 to the front surface of the advanced ram 21.

From this state, as shown in FIG. 1I(b), the ram 21
When the hopper 4 is moved back to the rear of the supply port 18, the garbage in the hopper 4 falls into the compressor 1.
When the ram 21 is advanced as shown, the garbage is forced into the container 3 through the extrusion port 19, and as the ram 21 moves forward and backward repeatedly, the garbage is stored in the container 3 in a compressed state.

Such a compression cycle by the ram is executed the number of times calculated by the control device 16, and is performed under the monitoring and control of the control device 16.

FIG. 10 shows a processing flow executed in the control device 16 to calculate the number of cycles.

In the calculation process of the number of cycles, first, when the end signal of the first compression cycle is input (at this time, the ram 21 is in the forward position of the compressor 1), in steps 1 and 2, the ram 21 is detected by hydraulic pressure. The container 34 is moved backward until the oil pressure P of the container 34 becomes zero. In this state, the repulsive force due to the garbage stored in the ram 21 is not acting, so there is no repulsive force between the container 3 and the compressor 1.

Next, in step 3, only the hydraulic cylinder 48 of the lashing cylinder 40 is actuated to release the lashing state between the container 3 and the compressor 1 to the extent that it is slightly loosened.

Due to this extension of the hydraulic cylinder 48, the hook lever 42
simply moves straight forward, and the hook portion 46 is in a state facing the engagement groove 47.

Therefore, even if the container 3 rebounds against the compressor 1 and moves suddenly due to a failure of the oil pressure detector 34 or for some other reason, the hook portion 46 engages with the engagement groove 47 and stops the movement. Therefore, the container 3 is reliably held near the compressor 1, and accidental detachment is prevented.

When the lashing state of the container is released, the container is completely separated from the compressor, so it can be detected by the weight detector 9 in step 4, and the accurate container weight wi can be calculated by the weight calculation device 15. .

When this calculation is completed, in step 5, the lashing cylinder 4
0 hydraulic cylinder 48 is contracted, and the container 3 is secured to the compressor 1.

Next, in step 6, the container weight WO is subtracted from the detected container weight W1 to calculate the stored weight ΣW of the garbage.

Next, in step 7, the packed weight ΣW per compression cycle (average stored weight) W is calculated by dividing the stored weight ΣW by the number of ram operations (cycle number) Σn at t. Next, in step 8, this average stored weight ΣW is subtracted from the preset full weight wb of the container to calculate the garbage weight Wa until full. Thereafter, in step 9, the calculated garbage weight Wa is divided by the average storage type i1w to calculate the ram operating rotation N until the container is full.

Next, in step 10, a ram movement amount (operation amount) S is calculated from the obtained operating rotation N, and a stuffing operation is performed. First, if N>2, return to 5TART,
``From the beginning'' Repeat the same action twice.

On the other hand, in the case of 2≧N≧1.5, the operation i1s is set to one S-compression cycle + (N-1), and the stuffing operation is performed.

For example, in the case of N=1.7, after the ram is compressed once, the ram is retracted for 0.7 times (which is 70% of the final retracted position of the compression cycle).
(forward movement) Execute the packing operation.

In addition, in the case of 1.5>N220, the operating amount S is S'-N
/2×2 times. For example, when N=1.2, 0.
Six compression cycles are performed twice, resulting in 1.2 compression cycles.

Furthermore, in the case of 1.0>N≧, only 5=NX one time (
For example, 0.5 batches) is performed.

By operating the ram under the condition of step 0 as described above, the garbage can be stored in the container without wasted space, and the filling operation can be completed with the container fully loaded.

When the garbage has been stored as described above, the fixing state between the ram 21 and the lid plate 28 is released, the lid plate is fixed to the garbage inlet 27 of the container 3, and then the two locking cylinders 40 are fixed. The hydraulic cylinders 48 and 49 are simultaneously extended and the hook lever 42 is rotated clockwise. As a result, the lashing device 3
5 is released, and the container 3 is separated from the compressor 1.

Next, the container truck 2 is moved to the loading/unloading location 6 and the full container is loaded onto the transport vehicle, and the above-mentioned operation is repeated for the empty container facing the compressor 1.

In addition, in the above example, a method was shown in which the number of times the ram is operated is calculated by determining the weight of garbage stored in each compression cycle. When trying to prevent overloading, such as when the apparent specific gravity of the container is known, packing can be performed using another method.

The method will be explained below.

In the compression device having the above structure, the number of times the ram is operated until the container becomes full can be determined by dividing the container capacity by the amount of garbage packed per cycle of the ram's reciprocating motion.

As a result, the ram is reciprocated without detecting the weight until the container capacity is about half full during the required number of operations, and only the garbage filling operation is performed, and when the container is about half full of garbage, After that, if the weight is detected and calculated for each compression cycle to determine the accurate number of operations, and the packing is controlled, overloading can be prevented and the container 1
Packing processing time per unit can be shortened.

For example, assuming that the number of ram operations required to fill a container with garbage is approximately qO times, in this case, first, weight detection is not performed for up to half of the 5 times, and the garbage is unconditionally loaded. Just do the stuffing.

The number of times the ram is operated at this time is counted by a counter provided in the compression device, and when the number of times the ram is operated reaches five times, the operation of step 1 in FIG. 10 is started to detect the weight.

Here, the container weight W1 detected in step 4 is
This weight is equivalent to 5 ram operations.

Therefore, in step 6, the container's own weight WO is subtracted from the container weight W1 to calculate the net garbage storage weight ΣW for the five times.

-19, and in step 7, the average packed weight w per ram operation is calculated by dividing the stored weight ΣW by the number of times the ram has been operated up to that point n (5 times in this case).

Hereinafter, calculation and control will be performed based on the processing flow shown in FIG.

Note that the control conditions shown in FIG. 10 described above are just one example, and other control conditions can also be used.

In addition, in the embodiment described in "-", the second point when detecting weight is the stop position (the position where the repulsive force of the dust disappears) is detected by the hydraulic pressure of the ram drive cylinder, but the ram is moved back to the most retracted position. The lashing of the container lashing device may be released.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the trash compression device and operating method of the present invention, the average stored weight for each compression cycle is determined,
Since the number of cycles to fill the container is calculated from the weight, even if the specific gravity or density of the stored garbage changes, the container can be filled to the maximum within the allowable loading weight. It can store trash.

Therefore, if the present invention is used, garbage can be stored without overloading or wasteful space in the container, resulting in high storage efficiency.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Part 1 is a front view showing the garbage compaction device of the example, Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same as above, Fig. 3 is a side view of the container truck, Fig. 4 is a vertical front view showing the inside of the compressor, and Fig. 5 is a front view showing the inside of the compactor. The figure is a front view showing the container lashing device, Fig. 6 is a side view thereof, Fig. 7 is a partially cross-sectional plan view thereof, Fig. 8 is a view showing the structure of the lashing cylinder, and Fig. 9 is a compression side view. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the processing flow of the control device, and FIGS. 11(a) to (C) are diagrams showing the operation of the compression device. 1... Compressor, 2... Container truck, 3... Container, 9...
・Weight detector, 15... Weight calculation device, 16.
...Control device, 18... Supply port, 1
9... Extrusion port, 21... Pressing ram, 25... Ram drive cylinder, 27... Dust inlet, 32... Rotary encoder, 34... Oil pressure detector, 35... Container lashing device, 40... Lashing cylinder, 42... Hook lever, 47... Engagement groove, 48.49... Hydraulic cylinder, 50.51.
·····solenoid valve. Patent applicant Fuji Sharyo Co., Ltd.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A press ram is movably provided in a compressor that has a garbage supply port at the top and an extrusion port at the front, and the garbage inlet of the container is removably connected to the extrusion port of the compressor, and the press ram is In a garbage compression device that reciprocates a ram from a garbage supply port to a container to compress and store garbage in the container, a weight detector that detects the weight of the container and a position detector that detects the moving position of the ram are provided. The average storage weight for each garbage compression cycle is calculated from the storage weight of the garbage detected by the weight detector, and the number of compression cycles until the container is fully loaded is determined from this average storage weight, and the calculated number of cycles and the above are calculated. A trash compaction device comprising a control device that controls movement of the pressing ram based on a detected value of a position detector. (2) A press ram is movably installed in a compressor that has a garbage supply port at the top and an extrusion port at the front, and with a container connected to the extrusion port of the compressor, the press ram is moved between the supply port and the container. In a method of operating a garbage compaction device that compresses and stores garbage supplied from a supply port in a container by reciprocating the garbage,
During the garbage compaction cycle, the container is uncoupled and the weight change of the container is detected, and the average stored weight during the compaction cycle is calculated from the detected value, and the container is A method for operating a garbage compaction device, which comprises determining the number of compression cycles until the device is fully loaded, and reciprocating the press ram according to the determined number of cycles.