JPH0423403B2 - - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a device for electromagnetically manipulating the maintenance of a mechanically stable state and displacement from the mechanically stable state;
For example, the present invention relates to electromagnetic actuators used in electromagnetic locking devices, valve stem operating devices, electromagnetic relays, electromagnetic clutches, and the like.

[Conventional technology]

Previously, PCT/JP84/00084, PCT/JP85/
00313, PCT/JP85/00314, PCT/JP85/
In 00536, the present inventor proposed an electromagnetic actuator that generates a large thrust with a small current.

As shown in FIG. 6, this electromagnetic actuator has a fixed iron core 1 and an arrow mark
A movable iron core 2 that moves in the direction 4a or 14b,
An electric winding 4 is wound so that a first magnetic flux 8 acts on the movable iron core 2 when energized, and a second magnetic flux 9 is divided into the first magnetic flux 8 and applied in parallel. It consists of a permanent magnet 5 provided on a fixed iron core 1.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, the above-mentioned conventional device uses a permanent magnet to
Since there is no means for limiting the left and right branching ratio of the magnetic flux to a required range, there is a problem in that highly sensitive characteristics cannot necessarily be obtained.

Therefore, the present invention was proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has characteristics of higher sensitivity.
The purpose of this invention is to provide an electromagnetic actuator that generates a large thrust with a small current.

[Means for solving problems]

First, the principle of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. 1a.

The shunt of the magnetic flux 9 caused by the permanent magnet 5 to the left fixed iron core 1 is φma, the shunt to the right fixed iron core 1 is φmb, and the magnetic flux 8 caused by energization of the electric winding 4 is φi.
shall be.

Here, if φi and φmb act in the same direction,
The attraction forces Fa and Fb between the movable iron core 2 and the left and right fixed iron cores 1 are expressed by the following equations.

Fa=K(φi−φma) ² ...(1) Fb=K(φi+φmb) ² ...(2) Here, the magnetic pole faces 2a, 2 of the movable core 2 and the magnetic pole faces of the left and right fixed cores 1 _1a and 1b respectively, the gap length Δ between the permanent magnet 5 and the magnetic pole surface _5a , the area of each magnetic pole surface S, the magnetic permeability of the gap μ, and the current flowing through the electric winding 4. is I, the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 5 is Hp, and the proportionality constant is K.

Here, for simplicity, if we ignore the magnetic resistance of the magnetic material forming the magnetic path and the leakage magnetic flux, we get φi=N・I・μ・S/(d ₁ + d ₂ )...(3) φma =Hp・μ・S/(d ₁ +Δ) ...(4) φmb=Hp・μ・S/(d ₂ +Δ) ...(5)

Here, if the effective force acting on the movable iron core 2 when the electric winding 4 is energized is Ft, then Ft = Fb - Fa = K{N・I・μ・S/(d ₁ + d ₂ )} ² × [2( _{Hp ／ N.I ) _ _ _ _ _} ^_ −{(d ₁ + d ₂ )/(d ₂ +Δ)} ² (Hp/N・I) ² ]
...(6) Here, if the electromagnetic force acting on the movable core 2 of the conventional device having the same shape and dimensions as the device of the present invention is Fc, and the drag force acting on the movable core 2 due to the spring is Fs, then as is well known, The effective force Fo acting on the movable iron core 2 when the electric winding 4 is energized is Fo = Fc - Fs = K {(N・I・μ・S/(d ₁ + d ₂ )} ² −Fs ……(7) becomes.

Here, for the sake of simplicity, we ignore Fs and use equation (6) as
If we find the ratio of equation (7), we get Ft/Fo≒{A(Hp/N・I) ² +2B(Hp/N・I)}...(8) A={(d ₁ +d ₂ )/(d ₁ + Δ)} ² − {(d ₁ + d ₂ )/(d ₂ + Δ)} ² ...(9) B=(d ₁ + d ₂ )/(d ₁ + Δ) + (d ₁ + d ₂ )/(d ₂ + Δ) ...(10) can be obtained.

Here, the above relationship is changed by changing (d ₁ + Δ)/(d ₁ + d ₂ ) with Hp/N・I as a parameter,
When Ft/Fo is calculated graphically, it is shown in Figure 5.

As shown in FIG. 5, when the electric winding is energized, the device of the present invention has a value of (d ₁ +Δ)/(d ₁ +d ₂ ) in the range of 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less, and a value of Hp/N·I of 0.2. that's all
It was found that high sensitivity characteristics can be obtained when the value is 2.0 or less.

Next, when formula (6) is transformed, it becomes Ft=K{μ・S/(d ₁ +d ₂ )} ² (2B・Hp・N・I−A・Hp ² ) (11).

Here, if K, μ, S, d ₁ + d ₂ , Hp, and N are set in the design, the effective force is proportional to the current I, and since it is possible to manufacture an electromagnetic actuator that operates at a certain current value, the overcurrent It can be applied to instantaneous tripping devices for relays, etc.

The present invention was established based on the above-mentioned knowledge, and includes a fixed iron core, a movable iron core that moves with respect to the fixed iron core, and an electric wire wound so as to apply a first magnetic flux to the movable iron core when energized. This is an improvement to an electromagnetic actuator comprising a winding and a permanent magnet provided on the fixed iron core or the movable iron core so that a second magnetic flux is shunted in parallel to the first magnetic flux, and the permanent magnet is provided on the fixed iron core or the movable iron core. The sum of the magnetic resistance value between the magnetic pole surfaces of the fixed core facing from one end side magnetic pole surface of the movable iron core and the magnetic resistance value between the side magnetic pole surface of the movable iron core and the magnetic pole surface of the permanent magnet, and The ratio of the sum of the magnetic resistance values between the magnetic pole surfaces of the fixed iron core facing each other from the magnetic pole surfaces on both end faces is 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less, and the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet and the magnetomotive force due to energization of the electric winding. The electromagnetic actuator is characterized in that it is provided with means for setting the ratio of 0.2 to 2.0.

[Function] According to the present invention, the magnetic resistance value between the magnetic pole faces of the fixed iron facing from one end side magnetic pole face of the movable iron core, and the magnetic resistance between the side magnetic pole face of the movable iron core and the magnetic pole face of the permanent magnet. The ratio of the sum of the resistance values to the sum of the magnetic resistance values between the magnetic pole surfaces of the fixed iron core facing each other from the magnetic pole surfaces on both end surfaces of the movable iron core is 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less, and the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet Since a means is provided to ensure that the ratio of magnetomotive force due to energization of the electric winding is 0.2 or more and 2.0 or less, high characteristics are always obtained.

Therefore, a large thrust is always generated with a small amount of electric power.

〔Example〕

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below based on embodiments with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1a, b, and c are explanatory diagrams of a first embodiment of the present invention.

This embodiment includes a fixed core 1, a movable core 2 that moves relative to the fixed core 1, and a movable core 2 that moves when energized.
The electric winding 4 is wound so that the first magnetic flux 8 acts on the fixed iron core 1 or the movable iron core 2 so that the second magnetic flux 9 is shunted and applied in parallel to the first magnetic flux 8. It consists of a permanent magnet 5 provided.

Furthermore, one end face side magnetic pole face 2a of the movable iron core 2
Or magnetic pole face 1a of fixed iron core 1 facing from 2b
Or, the sum of the magnetic resistance value between 1b and the magnetic resistance value between the side magnetic pole surface 2c of the movable core 2 and the magnetic pole surface 5a of the permanent magnet 5, and the magnetic resistance value between the magnetic pole surfaces 2a and 2b on both end surfaces of the movable core 2, respectively. The ratio of the sum of the magnetic resistance values between the magnetic pole faces 1a and 1b of the fixed iron core 1 is 0.2 or more
Springs 3 are provided on both sides of the movable iron core 2 as a means for keeping the value to 1.0 or less.

Thereby, the division ratio of the magnetic flux 9 of the permanent magnet 5 is limited to a predetermined range.

Furthermore, the number of turns of the electric winding 4 is adjusted as a means for making the ratio of the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 5 and the magnetomotive force caused by energization of the electric winding 4 to be 0.2 or more and 2.0 or less.

Alternatively, a permanent magnet 5 having a required magnetomotive force may be used.

This embodiment can be applied as a three-position stable and highly sensitive electromagnetic actuator.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

A means for limiting the left and right branching ratio of the second magnetic flux 9 by the permanent magnet 5 to a required range is constituted by the spring 3 on one side of the movable iron core 2 and the non-magnetic body 6a on the opposite side.

The permanent magnet 5 contacts the non-magnetic material 6a, and the movable iron core 2 moves toward and away from the non-magnetic material 6a.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

Similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the means for limiting the left and right branching ratio of the second magnetic flux 9 by the permanent magnet 5 to a required range is provided by the spring 3 on one side of the movable iron core 2 and the non-magnetic body 6b on the opposite side. configured.

Since the permanent magnet 5 is placed apart from the non-magnetic material 6b without contacting it, it is easy to obtain a latching characteristic.

FIGS. 4a, b, c, and d are schematic structural diagrams of the permanent magnet pole faces of this embodiment.

Similar to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, no magnetic material is arranged in the period of the permanent magnet 5.

FIG. 4a is an explanatory diagram of the permanent magnet 5 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and no magnetic material is arranged around the permanent magnet 5. FIG.

On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4b, the permanent magnet 5
The magnetic material 7a is placed in contact with the entire surface of the magnetic material 7a.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4c, magnetic bodies 7b are disposed in contact with both side surfaces of the permanent magnet 5.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4d, a magnetic body 7c is disposed with a required gap between the permanent magnet 5 and the magnetic body 7c.

Therefore, a part or most of the magnetic flux 9 of the permanent magnet 5 is shunted to the magnetic bodies 7a, 7b, and 7c, reducing the latching coercive force.

In particular, in the embodiment of FIG. 4b, the coercive force disappears,
It operates when the power is turned on, and has a spring force recovery characteristic when the power goes out.

Furthermore, the magnetic flux 8 caused by the energization of the solenoid is also shunted to the magnetic bodies 7a, 7b, and 7c, acting in a direction that cancels out the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5, thereby exhibiting high sensitivity characteristics.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, the present invention provides means for limiting the magnetic resistance value and the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnets and electromagnets in the magnetic circuit to the required ranges, so that high characteristics are always obtained.

Therefore, it is possible to always generate a large thrust with a small current.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1a, b, and c are explanatory diagrams of the first embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 4 a, b, c, and d are explanatory diagrams of the installation state of the permanent magnets constituting this embodiment, and Fig. 5 is an explanation of the characteristics of the electromagnetic actuator. 6 are explanatory diagrams of a conventional device. 1... Fixed iron core, 2... Movable iron core, 3... Spring, 4... Electric winding, 5... Permanent magnet, 6
a, 6b...Nonmagnetic material, 7a, 7b, 7c...Magnetic material, 8...First magnetic flux, 9...Second magnetic flux.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A fixed core, a movable core that moves with respect to the fixed core, an electric winding wound so as to apply a first magnetic flux to the movable core when energized, and the first In an electromagnetic actuator comprising a permanent magnet provided on the fixed iron core or the movable iron core so as to shunt a second magnetic flux in parallel to the magnetic flux of The sum of the magnetic resistance value between the magnetic pole surfaces of the fixed iron core and the magnetic resistance value between the side magnetic pole surfaces of the movable iron core and the magnetic pole surfaces of the permanent magnet, and the fixed iron core facing each other from the magnetic pole surfaces of both end surfaces of the movable iron core. and the sum of the magnetic resistance values between the magnetic pole faces is 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less, and the ratio of the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet to the magnetomotive force caused by energization of the electric winding is 0.2 or more and 2.0 or less. An electromagnetic actuator characterized by: 2. The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, wherein a magnetic material is disposed in contact with the entire surface of the permanent magnet. 3. The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, wherein a magnetic body is disposed in contact with both side surfaces of the permanent magnet. 4. The electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, wherein a magnetic body is disposed with a required gap between the permanent magnet and the permanent magnet.