JPH04268511A - 高分子光ファイバ用光カプラの製造方法 - Google Patents

高分子光ファイバ用光カプラの製造方法

Info

Publication number
JPH04268511A
JPH04268511A JP3314769A JP31476991A JPH04268511A JP H04268511 A JPH04268511 A JP H04268511A JP 3314769 A JP3314769 A JP 3314769A JP 31476991 A JP31476991 A JP 31476991A JP H04268511 A JPH04268511 A JP H04268511A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fibers
welding
fiber
optical fiber
plastic tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP3314769A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JP3129488B2 (ja
Inventor
Andreas Brockmeyer
アンドレアス・ブロックマイヤー
Hans Vowinkel
ハンス・フォヴィンケル
Werner Groh
ヴェルナー・グロー
Thomas Stehlin
トマース・シュテーリン
Juergen Theis
ユルゲン・タイス
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoechst AG
Original Assignee
Hoechst AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hoechst AG filed Critical Hoechst AG
Publication of JPH04268511A publication Critical patent/JPH04268511A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3129488B2 publication Critical patent/JP3129488B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/69—General aspects of joining filaments 
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/526—Joining bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/949—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time characterised by specific time values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/0074—Production of other optical elements not provided for in B29D11/00009- B29D11/0073
    • B29D11/0075—Connectors for light guides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/245—Removing protective coverings of light guides before coupling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
    • G02B6/2551—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding using thermal methods, e.g. fusion welding by arc discharge, laser beam, plasma torch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2808—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
    • B29C66/0242—Heating, or preheating, e.g. drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/526—Joining bars
    • B29C66/5261—Joining bars for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the bars to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73715—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable heat-shrinkable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9517—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools characterised by specific vibration amplitude values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2011/00—Optical elements, e.g. lenses, prisms
    • B29L2011/0075—Light guides, optical cables

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、高分子光ファイバ用光
カプラの製造方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】受動的光ファイバネットワークでは、光
カプラ（ｃｏｕｐｌｅｒ）は入力光ファイバから出力光
ファイバに光信号を分配するための光学的コンポーネン
トとして機能する。このようなカプラは、光ファイバの
光入口側及び光出口側に接続される透明体である。透明
成形物を光ファイバに接合又は融着して形成されるカプ
ラに加えて、製造時に光ファイバ束を捩り、その捩り点
で延伸するカプラも知られている（アガワル（Ａｒｇａ
ｗａｌ），　Ｆｉｂｅｒ　Ｉｎｔｅｇｒ．　Ｏｐｔｉｃ
ｓ　Ｏｐｔｉｃｓ　６（１），２７−５３，１９８７を
参照されたい）。
【０００３】この型の組立てカプラの製造は複雑かつ高
費用を要し、更には、この公知のカプラの伝送減衰は再
現困難であって、その出力は各出力ファイバ間で　２　
ｄＢ以上変動する。
【０００４】高分子光ファイバから成るファイバ束を収
縮可能なスリーブを用いて溶融したカプラ（ドイツ特許
出願公開第３７　３７　９３０号）、或いは光ファイバ
を円筒状混合帶域の端面に付着させたカプラ（コッド（
Ｒ．Ｄ．Ｃｏｄｄ）、ＳＡＥ／ＩＥＥＥ，Ｉｎｔｅｒｎ
ａｔｉｏｎａｌ　Ｃｏｎｇｒｅｓｓ　ｏｆ　Ｔｒａｎｓ
ｐｏｒｔａｔｉｏｎ　Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓ，１９８
４）も同様に公知である。
【０００５】更なる光カプラの製造方法がドイツ特許出
願公開第４０　１３　３０７号に記載されているが、こ
の出願は本願の優先権主張日より以前に公告されたもの
ではない。この出願では、プラスチック管を用いて光フ
ァイバを束ね、次のステップでこの管を収縮可能なプラ
スチックのスリーブで包み込むのである。高温にすると
、圧力及び収縮可能スリーブの加熱作用の結果、ファイ
バはプラスチック管と共に溶融する。この場合、加熱に
は電気抵抗式加熱が用いられ、溶接時間は平均０．５乃
至　１時間である。
【０００６】この公知の製造方法の本質的な欠点は、複
雑かつ時間を要する一連のステップであり、その結果比
較的コスト高のユニット毎製造しか可能でない。
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記問題点に鑑み、本
発明は、機械的に安定なカプラを単純かつ安価かつ比較
的短時間で製造する方法を見出すことを目的とする。こ
のような方法は、出力減衰が少なく且つ出力ファイバ間
の出力ばらつきが殆どないカプラを製造できるよう監視
しながら行なうことはできるであろう。
【０００８】本発明はこの目的を達成するものである。 本発明は、混合帯域長にわたってファイバを互いに溶接
する高分子光ファイバからのカプラの製造方法に関する
。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の方法では、２乃
至１０５本、好ましくは２乃至１０００本の高分子光フ
ァイバを、所望により互いに撚りを入れて同じ方向に並
べて束ねる。このファイバを０．２乃至　３時間にわた
り５０乃至２５０℃の温度に暖ためた後に、超音波を用
いて互いに溶接する。この超音波法は非破壊的な溶接方
法ではない。しかし、溶接対象のプラスチック部品を事
前に暖ためずに溶接すると、そのプラスチック部品を破
壊することがあり、これは特に硬くて脆い材料の場合に
顕著である。ファイバ材料が変化を受けない程度のある
温度に事前に暖めたときのみ、光ファイバは非破壊的に
互いに融着することができる。
【００１０】本発明の方法では、高分子光ファイバは５
０乃至２５０℃、好ましくは１３０乃至１５０℃の温度
に０．２乃至　３時間、好ましくは　５乃至３０分間保
持され、その後１０乃至６０ｋＨｚ、好ましくは２０乃
至４０　ｋＨｚ範囲の周波数の超音波溶接装置で互いに
溶接される。この装置内で用いる圧力は、本発明の方法
では、１乃至１０バール、好ましくは２乃至４バール範
囲内である。溶接時間は０．１乃至　３秒間、好ましく
は０．１乃至１．５秒間である。保持時間は０．１乃至
１０秒間、好ましくは０．１乃至　５秒間である。保持
時間は、この場合、ソノトロード（ｓｏｎｏｔｒｏｄｅ
）１がファイバを取り囲み、ファイバが重なって圧力下
のソノトロード動作域に存在する溶接後の時間を意味す
る。
【００１１】保持時間は少なくとも溶接時間に相当し、
溶接時間より幾分が長目であることが好ましい。ファイ
バ材料は圧力下で暖められているし、超音波の作用に基
く追加摩擦力（界面摩擦、高分子の内部摩擦）も発生す
るので、発生する応力は補償される。
【００１２】本発明の方法におけるソノトロード１の振
幅は１０乃至６５μｍ、好ましくは２０乃至５０　μｍ
であり、一般に使用する材料によって異なる。
【００１３】予備加熱の時間は温度に関係する。予備加
熱が比較的短い場合には、高い温度を用いることが好ま
しい。各々の場合に使用される温度は更にファイバ材料
に関係し、温度範囲の高い方で分解や破壊の恐れがある
比較的敏感な材料の場合には、丈夫な材料の場合よりも
低目の温度が選択される。
【００１４】一つの好ましい態様では、予備加熱前にフ
ァイバを４０乃至１００℃の範囲内の温度及び真空下で
５乃至３０時間にわたって乾燥する。この予備乾燥の主
なる目的は、残存モノマー及びファイバ内に蓄積の可能
性ある、特に比較的長期にわたり貯蔵した時の微量水分
を除去し、泡の発生を防止することである。紡糸したば
かりのファイバの場合には、この予備乾燥を省略するこ
とができる。
【００１５】両面上の接合帯域を音響照射することによ
り、溶接時間を更に短縮することが可能であり、溶接も
極めて均質になる。
【００１６】本発明の方法では、溶接対象のファイバは
、溶接帯域内にコア材料とクラッド材料、又はコア材料
のみから成り得る。光クラッドを既に取り除いていた場
合には、溶接過程の後で混合帯域を再度光クラッドで取
り囲むとよい。このための一つの可能性は、この帯域を
収縮可能スリーブで覆うことである。光クラッドと成す
には、このスリーブはファイバよりも低い屈折率を有し
なければならない。
【００１７】本発明の方法に好適な収縮可能スリーブは
、例えば、ポリオレフィン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化
ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリクロロ
プレン、フッ化ビニリデン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレン
コポリマー、シリコーンゴム、ポリエステル、フッ素化
エチレン−プロピレンコポリマー又はポリフルオロアル
コキシコポリマーである。
【００１８】別の好適実施態様では、好ましくはコア材
料よりも低い屈折率を有する被覆、従って混合帯域の光
クラッドとして同じく好適な被覆を、コア材料の保護の
ために引き続き混合帯域に施すことができる。
【００１９】更なる実施態様では、高分子光ファイバ２
を混合帯域長にわたりプラスチック管３で取り囲み（図
１）、所望ならば溶接の後その上に収縮可能なスリーブ
を押し込むことができる。このプラスチック管３は溶接
過程でファイバーに融着する役割を有し、ファイバを一
様に取り囲み且つファイバ間に発生する可能性のある気
泡をうめ、そのため斯く製造されるカプラの減衰度を更
に少なくすることができる。このようにして、全域にわ
たりファイバ束を混合帯域に極めて良好にマッチさせる
ことができる。表面損失は生起しない。
【００２０】この管は混合帯域に高い機械的安定性を与
え、混合帯域を気候上の影響から更に保護する。
【００２１】プラスチック管の材料は、前述の理由で、
その屈折率がファイバのコア材料のそれよりも低いもの
、従って、光クラッドの機能を更に荷うように選択する
ことが適当である。このプラスチック管３の材料は、フ
ァイバよりも屈折率が低く透明度の高い全ての高分子で
あり、例えばポリメタクリル酸メチル（ＰＭＭＡ）、ポ
リカーボネート（ＰＣ）、ポリ−４−メチルペンテン又
は含フッ素ポリマーである。
【００２２】更なる実施態様では、２乃至１０５本のフ
ァイバ６を云わゆる混合コネクタ又はコネクタバー５に
直接溶接することができる（図２及び３、超音波溶接プ
レス）。この混合コネクタは、ファイバのコア材料と同
一の屈折率を有する材料からなり、同一材料であること
が好ましい。頻繁に使用されるコア材料の例はポリメタ
クリル酸メチル及びポリカーポネートである。
【００２３】この型のカプラを製造するには、混合コネ
クタをブラスチック管３内に挿入し、その中心をプラス
チック管の中央に配置する。混合コネクタに溶接するフ
ァイバを束ね、同様に管内に挿入してコネクタに対して
配置する。超音波と圧力の作用によって、ファイバを混
合帯域に融着する。この方法は、溶接前にファイバから
クラッド材料を除く必要がない利点及び減衰値をかなり
増大させる差し込み接続をこの型のカプラに使用する必
要がないという利点がある。
【００２４】本発明の超音波溶接法は、光クラッドを有
するものと有しないものを含め全ての高分子光ファイバ
に好適である。光データ信号の伝送用カプラに好適に使
用される光ファイバは、接続点に光クラッドを有しない
ものである。一方、照明目的用のファイバ束しとて好適
な光ファイバは光クラッドを有するものである。
【００２５】超音波溶接技術は極めて短い溶接時間の使
用を可能にするが、最適実験条件下ではこれを一秒未満
に減らすことができる。本発明の方法は、簡単、安価且
つ時間節約的な方式で、極めて均質な構造の混合帯域を
有するカプラの製造を可能にするのである。
【００２６】
【実施例１】長さ０．４　ｍ及び直径　１　ｍｍの７本
のポリカーボネート製プラスチック光ファイバの　３　
ｃｍ域の光クラッドを石油エーテルを用いて除去した。 次に、ＰＭＭＡ管（ｎｋ＝１．４９）をこの帯域に押し
込んだ。このファイバの屈折率はｎｋ＝１．５８であっ
た。このＰＭＭＡ管は、内径が　３　ｍｍ、壁厚みが　
１　ｍｍ、長さが　３　ｃｍであった。
【００２７】この７本のファイバを、高分子及びセラミ
ックの加工で知られる商業入手可能な超音波溶接装置内
で、周波数２０　ｋＨｚの超音波をあててＰＭＭＡ管に
均質に溶接した。
【００２８】接合部（光ファイバ束／ＰＭＭＡ管）を１
３０乃至１５０℃の温度に暖めることにより、非破壊的
にこれらの部分を互いに溶接することができた。気泡形
成を回避するため、使用するファイバは暖める前に８０
℃、真空下で２４時間にわたり乾燥した。この超音波溶
接装置の発生機出力は　２　ｋＷであった。ソノトロー
ド振幅（ピーク−ピーク）は３０乃至５０　μｍの範囲
内であった。この装置の圧力は　２乃至　４バールであ
った。また、溶接時間は０．３秒、保持時間は３秒であ
った。
【００２９】予備加熱した接合部を用いると、高い超音
波周波数（３０乃至４０　ｋＨｚ）でも等しく良好な結
果が得られた。混合帯域の全域にわたって良好に接合す
るために、その後でファイバを挿入するＰＭＭＡ管をソ
ノトロードの動作域に配置した。図１はこの用具配置を
示すものである。
【００３０】伝送ミキサー内に形成される７×７スター
カプラーは、２．４　ｄＢの過剰損失（ｅｘｃｅｓｓ　
ｌｏｓｓ）を有し、その出力ファイバ間で最大１．６　
ｄＢまで変動した。
【００３１】
【実施例２】実施例１の工程とは異なり、溶接する配置
を若干変更した。先ず、７本のポリカーボネートファイ
バ（直径１ｍｍ）を収縮可能スリーブを用いて束ねた。 スリーブの一方の側ではファイバの１ｃｍが収縮可能ス
リーブで被われないようにし、且つスリーブの他方の側
ではファイバの８ｃｍが収縮可能スリーブで被われない
ようにした。収縮可能スリーブの長さは４０ｍｍであっ
た。
【００３２】次に、端面を研磨したポリカーボネート製
のコネクタバー（直径２．９ｍｍ、長さ３０ｍｍ）を長
さ５０　ｍｍのＰＭＭＡ管（内径　３　ｍｍ、壁厚　１
　ｍｍ）に押し込んだ。次に、ポリカーボネートバーが
ＰＭＭＡ管の中央部に位置するように、７本の個々のフ
ァイバを含むファイバ束をＰＭＭＡ管の各端に挿入した
。この配列を超音波を用いて実施例１と同様に溶接した
。
【００３３】圧力と超音波の作用が、ファイバ束とコネ
クタバーとを良好に融着した。更には、全域にわたり混
合帯域とファイバ束とが良好に整合した。
【００３４】入口チャンネル及び出口チャンネルの全体
で平均した挿入減衰は１１．５　ｄＢであり、約３．１
　ｄＢの過剰損失を与えた。出口ファイバ間の差は　２
　ｄＢであった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】高分子光ファイバをＰＭＭＡ管で被い、それら
をソノトロードで互いに溶接プレスする様子を示す図で
ある。
【図２】高分子光ファイバの超音波溶接プレスを示す図
であって、ソノトロード及び溶接対象のＰＣファイバ、
ＰＣコネクタバー、及びＰＭＭＡ管の分解組み立て図で
ある。
【図３】高分子光ファイバの超音波溶接プレスを示す図
であって、ソノトロード及びＰＣファイバ、ＰＣコネク
タバー及びＰＭＭＡ管が組み上った状態を示す図である
。
【符号の説明】
１　　ソノトロード ２　　高分子光ファイバ ３　　ＰＭＭＡ管 ４　　収納具 ５　　ＰＣコネクタバー ６　　高分子光ファイバ Ｐ　　圧力

Claims (11)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項１】　　ファイバを同じ方向に並べて束ね、か
    つ、それらを連結することによる高分子光ファイバ用光
    カプラの製造方法であって、該ファイバを０．２乃至３
    時間にわたり５０乃至２５０℃の温度に暖め、そして次
    に超音波を用いて該ファイバを溶接することから成る方
    法。
  2. 【請求項２】　　溶接する部分の全域にわたり、該ファ
    イバがコア材料のみからなる請求項１の方法。
  3. 【請求項３】　　高分子光ファイバ用光学的カプラの製
    造方法であって、高分子光ファイバのコア材料と同じ屈
    折率の材料からなるコネクタバーをプラスチック管に挿
    入して、該コネクタバーを該プラスチック管の中央に配
    置し、２乃至１０５本の高分子光ファイバを該プラスチ
    ック管内に挿入して該コネクタバーと接触させ、そして
    、超音波の作用によってに該プラスチック管、該コネク
    タバー及び該ファイバ束を互いに溶接することからなる
    方法。
  4. 【請求項４】　　溶接操作の前に、該ファイバを０．２
    乃至３時間にわたり５０乃至２５０℃の範囲内の温度に
    加熱する請求項３の方法。
  5. 【請求項５】　　溶接操作時に該ファイバと共に溶接し
    て一体物を形成するプラスチック管に該ファイバ押し込
    む請求項１又は請求項３の方法。
  6. 【請求項６】　　プラスチック管が高分子光ファイバの
    コア材料よりも低い屈折率を有する請求項５の方法。
  7. 【請求項７】　　プラスチック管が、ポリメタクリル酸
    メチル、ポリカーボネート、ポリ４−メチルペンテン又
    はフッ素化高分子から成る請求項５の方法。
  8. 【請求項８】　　溶接後にプラスチック管を収縮可能ス
    リーブで包む請求項５の方法。
  9. 【請求項９】　　１乃至１０バール、好ましくは２乃至
    ４バールの範囲の圧力で溶接過程を実施する請求項１又
    は請求項３の方法。
  10. 【請求項１０】　　１０乃至６０ｋＨｚ好ましくは２０
    乃至４０ｋＨｚの範囲の周波数で該ファイバを溶接する
    請求項１又は請求項３の方法。
  11. 【請求項１１】　　溶接時間が０．１乃至３秒間好まし
    くは０．１乃至１．５秒間の範囲内にあり、かつ、保持
    時間が０．１乃至１０秒間、好ましくは０．１乃至５秒
    間の範囲内にある請求項１又は請求項３の方法。
JP03314769A 1990-11-29 1991-11-28 高分子光ファイバ用光カプラの製造方法 Expired - Fee Related JP3129488B2 (ja)

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AT (1) ATE122471T1 (ja)
AU (1) AU641295B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA2056470A1 (ja)
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ES2071893T3 (es) 1995-07-01
US5300162A (en) 1994-04-05
EP0488309B1 (de) 1995-05-10
CN1030801C (zh) 1996-01-24
AU8824491A (en) 1992-06-04
JP3129488B2 (ja) 2001-01-29
EP0488309A1 (de) 1992-06-03
AU641295B2 (en) 1993-09-16
DE59105439D1 (de) 1995-06-14
CA2056470A1 (en) 1992-05-30
KR920010321A (ko) 1992-06-26
ATE122471T1 (de) 1995-05-15

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