JPH0442024A - Apparatus for detecting operating state of machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to perform the sequential, efficient processing for every operating part with one processing apparatus by providing detectors for sounds generated in machines at a plurality of places, and selecting the detector for detecting the next operating part which is sought with a detector selecting means. CONSTITUTION:A main body 3 of an apparatus is connected to an NC control device 2 for controlling a machine (a turret punch press machine as one example) in this apparatus 1. A sound or vibration to be detected is inspected in conformity with the state for control. For this purpose, a sound/vibration detecting pat 27 which is connected to a plurality of microphones for detecting the generated sound or vibration which is generated in the vicinity of the machine or at a part of the machine is provided in the main body 3. An operating-part seeking part 25 of the device 2 reads the NC program which is inputted into a machining processing part 5 beforehand and seeks a part which is operated at the next time. A series circuit of an inspecting-part setting part 31 and a detector selecting part 32 is connected between the seeking part 25 and the detecting part 27. The inspecting pat is automatically set in correspondence with the part to be sought, and the detector to be used is selected.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Purpose of the invention] (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a machine operating state detection device.

(Prior Art) Machines, such as press machines, generate considerable noise and vibrations during press operations. Further, various machines are equipped with a large number of sliding members and rotating members, which generate various sounds and vibrations.

Conventionally, in order to study these sounds and vibrations, for example, the sound waves converged on a microphone are displayed in decibels, or the power spectrum is analyzed using an FFT analyzer.

- For example, a microphone is installed near the punch press machine, the detected sound waves are applied to an FFT analyzer, and the collected data is sequentially output to a plotter for visual examination.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) However, in the conventional research on machine noise or vibration as described above, data is collected using an FFT analyzer, and the analysis results are sequentially output on a plotter, which is useful for machine design. At rest.

Further, conventional general FFT analyzers only plot out collected data sequentially, and there are limits to their internal processing technology.

Therefore, the present invention captures the sound or vibration generated by a machine according to the control state of the machine, compares the captured data with reference data according to the control state of the machine, and uses the comparison result to control the machine. It is an object of the present invention to provide a machine operating state detection device that can optimize the operating state of the machine by providing feedback to the device.

[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems has a system that is connected to a control device that controls a machine, and that is connected to a control device that controls a machine, and that transmits sounds or vibrations detected from the whole or a part of the machine. A machine operating state detection device that detects the operating state of the machine by inspecting it according to the control state of the machine, wherein the machine detects sounds or vibrations generated by the machine at multiple locations near the machine or in a part of the machine. a sound or vibration detector for detecting sound or vibration at the machine, a control device for controlling the machine is provided with an inspection section search means for searching for a section to be operated next and setting an inspection section, and the machine operating state detection device The present invention is characterized in that a detector selection means is provided for selecting a detector for detecting sound or vibration in the inspection area.

Further, the machine operation is connected to a control device that controls the machine, and detects the operating state of the machine by inspecting sound or vibration detected in the whole or part of the machine according to the control state of the machine. In the condition detection device, one or more sound or vibration detectors are provided near or in a part of the machine to detect sounds or vibrations generated by the machine, and the control device for controlling the machine is configured to detect the state of the machine at a certain timing. an operating condition extracting means for extracting an operating condition; a reference data setting means for setting reference data under a certain condition of the machine at the timing in the machine operating state detection device; The present invention is characterized in that a comparison means is provided for converting sound or vibration at a certain location into data, comparing it with reference data set by the reference data setting means, and notifying the control device of the machine of the comparison result.

(Function) In the machine operating state detection device of the present invention, detectors are provided near the machine or in a part of the machine to detect sound or vibration generated by the machine at multiple locations, and a control device for controlling the machine is provided. an inspection part search means for searching for a part to be operated next and setting an inspection part in the machine operating state detection device;
Since a detector selection means is provided to select a detector that detects sound or vibration in the inspection section, by searching for the next section to operate, the sound or vibration at the searched section is detected, and one A processing device sequentially processes sounds and vibrations for each operating part.
It can be processed efficiently.

For example, in a turret punch press where the turret is rotated using an NC program to select a mold, position the workpiece, and perform press processing, the prereading of the NC program allows
By knowing the press process and workpiece movement process and searching for the nut member or bearing part that is screwed with the striker or ball screw that is activated at that time, select a detector that detects the sound or vibration generated in each part. However, by sequentially processing the sound or vibration signals input from the selected detectors, the entire machine can be processed regarding sound or vibration.

Furthermore, in the machine operating state detection device of the present invention, the machine operating condition at a certain timing is sent to a control device that controls the machine, for example, in the above-mentioned turret punch press, what type of hole is being machined on what kind of material at a certain timing. An operating condition setting means is provided for setting under what conditions the machine is being operated, and the machine operating state detection device is configured to provide reference data for the machine under a certain condition at the timing from table data set in advance. Since a reference data setting means for searching and setting is provided, and a means for notifying the control device of the machine of the result of comparing the reference data with the detection data,
It is possible to set reference data according to the machine and its operating conditions, and it is possible to perform processing related to noise or vibration under various machine operating conditions.

(Embodiment) In FIG. 1 showing an embodiment of the present invention, an operating state detection device 1 for a machine according to the present embodiment is installed in an NC device 2 that controls a turret punch press machine as an example of a machine. It is constructed in such a manner that the main body 3 of the main body 3 is connected.

The NC device 2 numerically controls the turret punch press shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 by executing an NC program setting section 4 inputted from an external storage device such as a paper tape reader or a floppy disk, and this NC program. The processing unit 5 includes a processing section 5 that performs press processing.

In FIG. 2, the turret punch press machine 6 of this example is
It comprises a rotatable upper turret 8 and a lower turret 9 within a so-called bridge-shaped frame 7, with a punch 10 mounted on the upper turret 8 and a die 11 mounted on the lower turret 9.

The punch 10 and the die are appropriately selected from among a large number of molds and are mounted on an arbitrary mold device station on the turret, and the upper and lower turrets 8.9 are rotated synchronously to form a pair of punches 10 and dies mounted above and below. The die is positioned directly below the striker, and as the striker 12 descends, the punch 1
A hole is formed in the workpiece W interposed between the die 11 and the die 11.

The workpiece W is held by a workpiece clamping device [13,
The workpiece clamping device 13 is mounted on the − plane (XY) with the height of the workpiece W being aligned with the head of the die 11.
It is supposed to be moved above.

The work clamping device 13 has a nut member 14, and the nut member 14 is screwed into a ball screw 15 installed in a direction perpendicular to the paper (X direction) in the figure. Further, a carriage 16 that supports both ends of the ball screw is movable in the left-right direction (Y direction) in the figure.

Therefore, the carriage 16 and the nut member 1
By numerically controlling 4, the work clamping device 13
In addition, the workpiece W can be moved freely within the XY plane, and the positioning can be controlled so that the processing position is directly below the striker 12.

Since the turret punch press 6 of this example is a combined processing machine with laser processing, a work shooter 17 for carrying out the laser-cut product is provided at the table position where the laser head (not shown) is located. .

In the turret punch press machine 6 having the above configuration, when press processing is started, the workpiece clamping device 13 starts moving from the origin position, and the processing position of the workpiece W is moved by the striker 1.
Move it directly below 2. At the same time, the striker 12 is lowered to perform punching.

Immediately after punching for one position is completed, the workpiece clamping device 13 starts moving, and the next processing position on the workpiece is positioned directly below the striker 12. At this time, if a command to change to a mold different from the previous machining is given, the turret 8.9 is rotated and a predetermined mold is indexed. A series of operations of these work clamp device 13, striker 12, and turrets 8 and 9 are defined by an NC program.

The striker 12 may be driven by a crankshaft or by a cylinder device. In general, the crankshaft can only be controlled by speed switching quickly, so the punching speed becomes quite high, which generates quite a lot of noise when punching the workpiece. On the other hand, the cylinder device allows the punching speed to be freely adjusted, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62183919 (Stroke Control Method for Plate Processing Machine), so the noise level can be reduced as desired.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing details of the driving device for driving the nut member 14. As shown in FIG.

As shown in the figure, both ends of the ball screw 15 are rotatably supported by bearings 1819, and one end of the ball screw 15 is equipped with a gear 2.
0 is fixed, and by coupling this gear 20 with a gear 22 rotationally driven by a servo motor 21, the nut member 14 is moved in the X direction in accordance with the rotational movement of the ball screw 15.

The servo motor 21 has a tacho generator 2 for speed detection.
3 and an encoder 24 for position detection are attached. Detection signals from the tacho generator 23 and encoder 24 are fed back to a positioning control module (not shown) of the NC device 2.

As shown in FIG. 2, the turret punch press machine 6 of this example is provided with a microphone M1 near the striker 12 for detecting punching sounds. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a microphone M is attached to the nut member 14 for detecting the sound generated when the nut member 14 moves.
2, and a microphone M3.2 for detecting the operating sound of the bearings 18,19. M4 and a microphone M5 for detecting the sound generated by the servo motor 21 are provided.

Furthermore, although not shown, microphones are appropriately provided with addresses assigned to various parts that generate sounds, such as the position where the fitting sound of the turret pin is generated and the laser processing head that generates the laser cutting sound. Further, a vibration detector (not shown) for detecting vibrations generated by the turret punch press machine 6 is provided.

Referring again to FIG. 1, the processing section 5 of the NC device 2 is connected to an operating part searching section 25 and an operating condition extracting section 26.

The operation part search unit 25 is an NC that is manually operated by the processing unit 5.
The program reads in advance and searches for the part to be operated next, for example, when the striker is currently being lowered, the next time the workpiece is moved or the turret 8.9 is rotated. If there are two or more parts to be operated next at the same time, then one
Just set the department.

The operating condition extraction unit 26 extracts operating conditions, for example, current processing conditions (die shape, method, material, plate thickness) in the punching process, and also extracts, for example, the rotational speed of the servo motor 21 (for each axis of the workpiece W). (moving speed).

On the other hand, the device main body 3 has each microphone Mi (Ml, M
2. M3. ...) Sound or vibration detection unit 2 connected to
7, a sound or vibration data processing unit 28 for converting detected waves into data, an individual data processing unit 29, and a reference data storage unit 30.

Between the two NCC devices and the vibration detection section 27, there is an inspection department setting section 31,
A series circuit of the detector selection section 32 is connected. Also,
The operating condition extraction section 26 is equipped with an operating condition setting section 33, and between this and the reference data storage section 30,
A reference data search unit 34 is interposed. Further, a comparison section 35 is provided between the reference data search section 34 and the sound or vibration data conversion processing section 28 .

The comparison section 35 and the individual data processing section 29 are connected to a notification data generation section 36, and this notification data generation section 36 is connected to a notification data processing section 37 provided inside the NC device 2.

A notification data processing section 37 provided inside the NC device 2 is connected to the processing section 5, and is also connected to a data storage section 38 provided outside the NC device 2.

Note that the two individual data processing units or the data storage unit 38 are connected to a printer or a plotter as appropriate, so that they can output data as appropriate.

The sound or vibration detection section 27 receives a wave signal detected by a microphone or a vibration detector.

The sound or vibration data processing unit 28 processes the input wave signal and converts it into data that is easy to use in the device by performing FFT conversion as appropriate.

The individual data processing unit 29 processes individual data, that is,
For example, in order to inspect bearing noise when the machine is not in operation, it analyzes the sound input from microphone M3 or M4, and performs individual processing similar to that of a normal measuring instrument, such as appropriately plotting out the analysis results.

The reference data storage section 30 stores reference value data of sounds or vibrations generated under various operating conditions for each part. For example, here, reference data for one mold under one processing condition (material, plate thickness, punching speed) is stored for each mold. In addition, the bearing 18 according to the moving speed
．． Nineteen reference sound data are stored.

The inspection location setting section 31 automatically sets whether to perform the inspection at the current location, depending on the location searched by the operation location search section 25 of the NC device 2.

The detector selection unit 32 selects the set inspection part,
This is used to select and set the detector for inspecting that part.

The operating condition setting section 33 inputs the current operating conditions extracted by the operating condition extracting section 26 of the NC device 2, and sets the operating conditions according to the inspection contents of the part currently inspected. .

The reference data search section 34 searches for predetermined data according to the conditions set by the operating condition setting section 33, and sets the search data in the comparison section 34.

The comparison unit 35 compares the reference data retrieved by the reference data search unit 34 with the currently detected comparison data, and outputs the comparison result to the notification data generation unit 36.

The notification data generation section 36 receives the comparison results of the comparison section 35 and the processing results of the individual data processing section 29 and generates notification data to be output to the NC device 2 or the data storage section 38. be.

The notification data processing section 37 on the NC device 2 side inputs the notification data generated by the notification data generation section 36, and outputs an adjustment signal and an emergency stop signal to the processing section 5.
It outputs data for storage to the data storage section 38 as necessary.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the contents of the processing performed by the sound or vibration data processing section 28 and the individual data processing section 29.

When the data numbers to be plotted out are entered manually in step 401, a schedule table for determining the data output order is created in step 402, and the processes from step 404 onwards are repeated until the end of the schedule is determined in step 403.

In step 404, the stroke is set, in step 405, the data number is read according to the schedule, in step 406, a command to read data from the storage medium is issued, and in step 4
07, a plot out command is output, and step 408
When the plotting is completed, the process moves to step 404.

In this way, in this example, the data stored in the individual data processing unit 29 can be plotted out using a scheduled program, so you can plot out arbitrary data, such as plotting out a sound that occurred one day ago. The operating state of the turret punch press machine 6 can be managed as appropriate. Of course, data manipulation procedures can be programmed as appropriate.

In the case where the data storage section 38 shown in FIG. 1 and the individual data processing section 29 that issues data output commands are connected via a communication line, as shown in FIG. 507 and 508 may be used to transfer data.

FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of the detection processing method for the machine operating state.

In step 601, a detection signal is input, and in step 602, it is converted into data to generate data for comparison. Comparison data is created according to the settings of the reference data. For example, if the reference data is set as an intensity for level comparison, the comparison data is generated in terms of the intensity, for example, decibels.

However, the detection signal here is determined by the inspection part setting part 31 for the part searched by the operating part searching part 25 shown in FIG.
This is the signal input from the detector for the current detection unit set in .

In step 603, the operating conditions (processing conditions) of the NC device 2 are input, in step 604 reference data is extracted, and in step 605 the comparison data is compared with the reference data.

Based on the comparison result of the comparison unit 35, it is determined in step 606 whether or not to notify the NC device 2, and the data to be reported is notified in step 607, and then in step 60
Return to 1.

Therefore, in this example, in steps 606 and 607, the NC
Data to be broadcast is reported to the broadcast data processing unit 37 of the device 2, and the broadcast data is processed by the broadcast data processing unit 37.

The processing content of the notification data is whether the processing unit 5 adjusts or alarms, or the data is stored in the data storage unit 38.

The adjustment process of the processing section 5 is a process of reducing the punching speed because the noise level exceeds a reference value, for example.

Alarm processing may include, for example, turning on an "Inspection Required" lamp while continuing machining because the bearings 18 and 19 are generating noise that exceeds the standard level, or whether to emergency stop the machine due to abnormal noise. This is the process.

Data storage is a process of extracting characteristic data of the punching sound and accumulating data of the changes in order to warn of changes in clearance.

Specific detection results are shown in FIGS. 7 to 15.

Figure 7(a) shows a 4.5mm thick 5PHC steel plate with a diameter of 3mm.
It is a waveform diagram of the sound generated when punching with a 6 mm round mold at a pressure of 20 TON. FIG. 7(b) is a power spectrum diagram obtained by subjecting the waveform to an FFT analyzer.

Figure 8(a) shows the same material being molded into a round mold with a diameter of 20 mm.
．． Waveform diagram of the sound generated when punching with a pressure of 3TON,
FIG. 8(b) is a power spectrum diagram thereof.

Figure 9(a) shows the same material in a round mold with a diameter of 10 mm.
Waveform diagram of the sound generated when punching with TON, Figure 9 (b
) shows the power spectrum diagram.

Therefore, Fig. 7(a), Fig. 8(a), Fig. 9(a)
) By detecting the waveform and comparing its average sound pressure, maximum value, waveform pattern, etc. with standard data, it is possible to detect abnormal sounds caused by punching with different molds, two-piece cutting, and scrap rising. The deviation can be determined and the punching speed of the striker 12 can be adjusted or an alarm can be processed. Furthermore, the detected data can be appropriately organized and saved, and can be assembled for later processing. Specifically, by looking at changes in detection data over time, changes in clearance due to mold wear can be investigated.

In addition, by inspecting the power spectra in Figures 7(b), 8(b), and 9(C), the same inspection as above can be performed with higher accuracy depending on the level or pattern. I can do it.

To give another more specific example, the above-mentioned Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 621,83
In the press machine of Publication No. 91.9, a cylinder device is used as the drive source of the striker 12, so that the raising and lowering speed of the striker 12 can be appropriately controlled. Machining is performed by setting a speed value for each punched shape so that the noise level is below the reference value.

Next, by detecting the punching sound of each shape during actual machining and comparing each detected sound with a reference level, it is determined whether the speed can be increased or whether the speed must be reduced for each shape. When punching the same shape, the punching speed for each mold can be increased to the maximum speed within a range that strictly adheres to the standard noise so that the noise level is constant.

FIG. 10 is a vibration characteristic diagram showing the frequency-acceleration characteristics of a ball bearing with a scratched outer race, and FIG. 11 is a characteristic diagram of a normal ball bearing.

As is clear from comparing Figures 10 (a) and (b), abnormal ball bearings have peak acceleration values at frequency positions that do not appear in normal ball bearings, so abnormalities can be easily detected. can do.

In this example, in addition to displaying the detected values as they are, vibrations are detected in accordance with the execution order of the NC program, and the sounds of the bearings 18, 19 and motor 21 are detected at appropriate times, converted into data, and the innermost NC device 2 Since the data is stored in the data storage unit 38 via the Action can be taken. The individual data processing section 29 may measure the operation separately from the operation of the NC device 2.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be implemented in any appropriate manner by making appropriate design changes.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, in the machine operating state detection device of the present invention, a detector is provided near the machine or in a part of the machine to detect sound or vibration generated by the machine at a plurality of locations, The control device that controls the machine is provided with an inspection section search means for searching for the next section to be operated and setting the inspection section, and the machine operating state detection device includes a detector for detecting sound or vibration at the inspection section. Since a detector selection means is provided for selecting the next operating part, the sound or vibration at the searched part is detected by searching for the next operating part, and one processing device detects the sound or vibration for each operating part. Processing can be done sequentially and efficiently.

Further, in the machine operating state detecting device of the present invention, the control device that controls the machine is provided with an operating condition setting means for setting the machine operating conditions at a certain timing, and the machine operating state detecting device is configured to set the machine operating conditions at a certain timing. A reference data setting means is provided for searching and setting reference data under a certain condition of the machine from preset table data, and a means is provided for notifying the control device of the machine of the result of comparing the reference data with the detected data. Therefore, it is possible to set reference data according to the machine and its operating state, and it is possible to perform processing related to sound or vibration under various machine operating conditions.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a machine operating state detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention in relation to an NC device, FIG. 2 is a front view of a turret punch press machine as an example of the machine, and FIG. The figure is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the configuration of a shaft-driven machine, FIGS. 4 and 5 are flowcharts showing the individual processing method, and FIG.
The figure is a flowchart showing the method of detecting the machine operating state, and Fig. 7(a), Fig. 8(a), and Fig. 9(a) are waveform diagrams showing the waveform of punching sound for each machining state. (b). Figure 8(b) and Figure 9(b) are the same as Figure 7(a) and Figure 8(
a), a diagram showing the power spectrum corresponding to Figure 9(a), Figure 10(a) is a spectrum diagram of the vibration sound of a ball bearing with a scratch on the external race, and Figure 10(b) is a diagram of a new ball bearing. It is a spectrum diagram of the vibration sound of. 1... Machine operating state detection device 2... NC device 3... Device body (sound/vibration processing device) 25... Operating part search section 26... Operating condition extraction section 30... Standard data storage unit 35...Comparison unit Mi (i=1.2...)...Microphone agent Patent attorney Hidekazu Miyoshi Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 7 Figure fal Figure 8 Figure to+

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A machine that is connected to a control device that controls the machine and detects the operating state of the machine by inspecting the sound or vibration detected in the whole or part of the machine in accordance with the control state of the machine. In the operating state detection device, a sound or vibration detector is provided near the machine or in a part of the machine to detect sound or vibration generated by the machine at a plurality of locations, and a control device for controlling the machine is provided with: an inspection section search means for searching for a section that operates according to the inspection section and setting an inspection section, and the machine operating state detection device includes a detector selection means for selecting a detector that detects sound or vibration at the inspection section. A machine operating state detection device characterized by being provided. (2) A machine that is connected to a control device that controls the machine and detects the operating state of the machine by inspecting sound or vibration detected in the whole or a part of the machine in accordance with the control state of the machine. In the operating state detection device, one or more sound or vibration detectors are provided near or in a part of the machine to detect sound or vibration generated by the machine, and a control device for controlling the machine is provided with a sound or vibration detector that detects sound or vibration generated by the machine. operating condition extraction means for extracting machine operating conditions; reference data setting means for setting reference data under a certain condition of the machine at the timing in the machine operating state detection device; A machine characterized in that it is provided with a comparison means for converting sound or vibration at a certain part into data, comparing it with reference data set by the reference data setting means, and notifying a control device of the machine of the comparison result. operating state detection device.