JPH0444529A - Built-up type concrete basement and execution method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate joining work of blocks each other by mutually combining adjacent blocks lengthwise and in the direction of the width of underground units with coupling hardware. CONSTITUTION:Underground units 1 and 2 are constituted of a plurality of precast concrete blocks 10, 11, 20 and 21 in a state to partition the underground units with faces at right angles lengthwise of them. After that, coupling hardware 30 are built between those adjacent blocks 10, 11, 20 and 21, the coupling hardware 30 are fastened on the blocks 10, 11, 20 and 21 with bolts, and the blocks are linked with each other. According to the constitution, the blocks can be easily connected lengthwise and in the direction of the width, the execution of the underground units can be carried out, and built-up in a construction site can be easily executed.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] "Industrial Field of Application J The present invention relates to a prefabricated concrete basement suitable as a basement of a house and a method for constructing the same, and in particular, it is made by integrating a plurality of precast concrete blocks into a box shape. This invention relates to a basement formed by an underground unit and its construction method.

``Prior Art'' Due to the worsening housing situation in recent years, basements have been installed in ordinary houses as well.

Conventionally, many of the basements of houses were constructed as underground storage, so the structure also consisted of, for example, container-shaped capsules,
It was installed in a hole dug in the ground using an anchor bolt, and then the hole was backfilled.
reference).

However, since the basement of this type of configuration functions as an underground storage, the overall internal size is small and does not fully satisfy the functions required as a living room in a house. Therefore, in recent years, there has been a trend to make basements made of concrete and make the entire room larger.

Such reinforced concrete basements are generally constructed using cast-in-place concrete, for example. First, use a power shovel or the like to excavate a bit wider than the basement site, then spread gravel at the bottom of the excavation, and pour concrete on top of the gravel. So-called foundation concrete construction will be carried out.

Then, the floor reinforcing bars are arranged in a grid pattern, and concrete is poured onto the floor reinforcing bars. At this time, protruding bars connected to the side wall reinforcing bars protrude from the surface of the concrete at the positions where the side walls will be erected. Set it up so that it does.

Next, after the concrete on the floor hardens, the vertical reinforcements of the sidewalls are connected to the protruding reinforcements protruding at predetermined positions, and the horizontal reinforcements are connected to these vertical reinforcements of the sidewalls, and the reinforcements of the sidewalls are constructed.

Next, formwork was assembled on both sides of the constructed side wall reinforcing bars,
Concrete will be poured inside and the side walls will be constructed.

After the concrete for the side walls has hardened, the formwork is dismantled and the space outside the side walls is filled in to complete the construction.

``Problem to be solved by the invention'' However, in the conventional basement technology, the construction work involves pouring concrete on site, so
There were drawbacks such as poor work efficiency on site and a long construction period.

Moreover, in construction work using cast-in-place concrete, when building side walls, it is necessary to provide space for assembling formwork on both sides of the side wall reinforcing bars, and the ground must be dug wider than the construction area. There were problems such as high cost.

Therefore, as a result of intensive research to solve these problems, the inventors of the present invention have arranged at least two rectangular box-shaped underground units with open tops adjacent to each other in the width direction.
Adjacent underground units are connected to each other to connect them together, and the underground unit is composed of multiple precast concrete blocks divided by multiple planes perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit. This led to the idea that large basements could be easily constructed by joining the blocks, improving work efficiency on site, and requiring less excavation.

However, even if the inside of the basement is simply partitioned and each block is divided into blocks, the size of the blocks themselves will increase, and there are still issues to be solved, such as the need for additional work to join the blocks together. .

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to easily form a basement made of precast concrete blocks with a simple structure, and also to facilitate the work of joining the blocks together. To provide a prefabricated concrete basement and its construction method, which can reduce the amount of excavation of root cutting holes.

"Means for Solving the Problems" In order to achieve the above object, the basement of the present invention is a rectangular box-shaped underground unit whose upper surface is open by a bottom plate part and a side plate part surrounding the bottom plate part. A prefabricated concrete basement made by connecting at least two adjacent underground units to each other and connecting these underground units together, the underground unit being connected to the underground unit. Consists of multiple precast concrete blocks divided by multiple planes perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and among the blocks that make up these underground units, blocks that are adjacent in the longitudinal direction of the underground unit and adjacent in the width direction of the underground unit The blocks are interconnected by connecting metal fittings that span between the blocks and are bolted to the blocks themselves.

In addition, in order to achieve the same object, the basement construction method according to the present invention includes a rectangular box-shaped underground unit whose top surface is open by a bottom plate part and side plate parts surrounding the bottom plate part.
A construction method for a prefabricated concrete basement in which a plurality of underground units are arranged adjacent to each other in the width direction, and the adjacent underground units are connected to each other and integrated. It is divided into two parts: a main body part with a U-shaped vertical cross section, which is made up of a bottom plate part and opposing side plate parts, and an end wall part, which is made up of a bottom plate part and a side plate part surrounding three sides of this bottom plate part. A process in which each part is manufactured as a main block and a gable block using precast concrete, a process in which these blocks are installed on the foundation, and blocks that are adjacent to each other in the length and width directions of the underground unit are separated between these blocks. This method is characterized by comprising the step of interconnecting the blocks by means of connecting metal fittings that are spanned over the blocks and bolted to the blocks themselves.

"Operation" According to the present invention, an underground unit is constructed from a plurality of precast concrete blocks that are divided along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and a connecting hardware is bridged between these blocks, and the connecting hardware is connected to the block. Adjacent blocks are connected by bolts to each other, so the blocks can be easily connected in the longitudinal and width directions, making it possible to construct an underground unit and making it easy to assemble on-site. be able to.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the blocks are integrated with each other by connecting metal fittings spanned between the blocks, so that only the root cutting work of the space in which the blocks are installed is required, and the amount of excavation of the root cutting holes can be reduced. can be kept to a minimum.

"Embodiment" An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 13.

In these figures, reference numeral G indicates a basement according to the present invention, and this basement G has two types of basements in the shape of a rectangular box with an open top surface formed by a bottom plate Y and a side plate S surrounding the bottom plate Y. unit) 1.2, and a girder 14. of two types, long and short, which is spanned along the upper end of the side plate of the underground unit) 1, 2 and on which the building H constituting the house is placed.
It is mainly composed of 15.

In the basement according to the embodiment, among the underground units 1.2, underground unit 2 constituting the staircase room is
are arranged adjacent to each other, sandwiched between the underground units 1 constituting the living room, and the adjacent underground units 1.
The most important feature of the two units is that they are integrated with each other by a connecting metal fitting 30 that is bridged between the bottom plates of the blocks constituting the underground unit 1.2 and bolted to the bottom plate. In addition, in the illustrated example, the connecting hardware 30
In addition, adjacent underground units 1 and 2 are connected by bolts 29 passing through the blocks, creating an integrated structure.

These underground units 1 and 2 also function as the foundation of a house, on which a building H such as a house is placed.

Next, regarding the underground unit, which is the main part of the frame structure,
1 to 3, the underground unit 1 constituting the living room consists of a plurality of precast concrete blocks 10, 11 (main block 10, end block 10, It is composed of wall blocks 11), and these blocks are joined to each other with a water-stop joint material interposed between the joint surfaces of the blocks, and there are long and short sections connecting the upper ends of the main body block 10 and the end wall block 11. Two types of garrison 14.15
It has a fixed structure.

More specifically, each of the blocks 10 and 11 is manufactured in advance in a factory to a predetermined shape and size, and all of these blocks 10S 11
The end faces are butted together, and each block 10.11
The blocks are firmly connected via a connecting hardware 30 that is spanned between the blocks and bolted to the blocks themselves.

Additionally, joint material is installed on the end faces of the blocks to ensure sufficient moisture retention for the underground unit.

Further, the block 10 is formed into a U-shaped longitudinal section by a bottom plate part 10a and opposing side plate parts 10b and 10c, and the bottom plate part 10a constituting the block 10 has a recess for storing the connecting hardware 30. 10d is formed, and a port 3 for fixing the connecting hardware 30 is formed in this recess 10d.
An insert 31 for screwing 2 is buried (
(See Figures 4 and 5).

In the embodiment, the recesses 10d are formed at the edges of the bottom plate facing the side plates to be joined, and the blocks adjacent in the longitudinal and width directions of the underground unit 1 are joined via the connecting hardware 30. Care has been taken to make it possible.

On the other hand, the side plate portion constituting the block 10 ] Ob, 10
side plate part 10c on the side joined to the underground unit 2 among c
The thickness W of the side plate portion 10b is set to approximately 2/3 of the thickness T of the other side plate portion 10b, so that when the side plate portions are overlapped, the wall thickness of this portion does not become thick. (See Figure 1).

As shown in FIG. 6, the thin side plate 10c is provided with an insertion hole 10e for passing a connecting bolt 29 for connecting the underground unit, if necessary, and the upper end of the side plate 10c is , as shown in FIG.
．． An insert 17 for screwing in a long bolt 16 for fixing the bolt 15 is buried therein. In the illustrated example, the long bolt 1
6 is a shaft body 16a formed with a male thread, and this shaft body 16
A nut 16 is screwed onto the upper part of a through a fixing plate 16b.
It is mainly composed of c.

In addition, the bottom plate part 10a1 side plate part 10b, loc,
As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a joint metal fitting 18 is attached, which is fastened by bolts and nuts 18a and 18b as required.

Now, as the connecting hardware 30 for connecting the blocks constituting the adjacent underground units, for example, as shown in FIGS. However, as shown in the examples shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, it is also possible to use a structure mainly composed of Kohan F2, which has a U-shape as a whole. The two types of connecting hardware 30 made of these metal parts F1 and F2 are appropriately selected and used depending on the location where the blocks are to be joined.

On the other hand, the gable wall block 1 that constitutes both ends of the underground unit 1
1, as shown in FIG. 11, a bottom plate portion 11a formed in a rectangular shape and a side plate portion 11 surrounding three sides of the bottom plate portion 11a.
b, llc, and lid, and in the embodiment, the side plate portion 11c constitutes the end wall of the room unit 1.

Also, in this gable wall block 11, insert)
31 is buried in the bottom plate part 11a, and an insert 17 for screwing the long bolt 16 is buried in the upper end of the side plate part. The thickness W is set to about 2/3 of the thickness T of the other side plate portion 11b, so that when the side plate portions of adjacent underground units are overlapped, the wall thickness of this portion does not become thick. Of course, consideration has been given to

Next, the configuration of the underground unit 2 sandwiched between the underground units 1 will be explained.

This underground unit 2 is also basically composed of a plurality of precast concrete blocks (main block 201 end wall block 21) that are divided along a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, similar to the above-described underground unit 1. are connected to each other with a water-stop joint material interposed, and each block 2
The blocks are firmly connected through a connecting metal fitting 30 which is spanned between 0.21 and bolted to the blocks themselves, and these blocks are connected to the upper end of the block 20.21. Two types of girders 14 and 15, long and short, are spanned in this way.

In addition, there are two types of blocks 20 that make up the underground unit 2.
．． 21, the block 20 is formed into a U-shape in longitudinal section by a bottom plate part 20a and opposing side plate parts 20b and 20c, and the blocks 21 at both ends of the underground unit 2 are formed by a bottom plate part 21a formed in a rectangular shape and this bottom plate. Concave portions 20d and 21e are formed by side plate portions 21b, 21c, and 21d surrounding three sides of the portion 21a, and fix the connecting hardware 30 spanned between each block 20.21 to the respective bottom plate portions 20a and 21a. The point that is formed is similar to the previous block 10.11.

However, because this underground unit 2 is installed between the underground units l, the block 20 that forms the center of the underground unit 2 and the block 21 that forms the end wall of the underground unit have opposing left and right sides. The side plate portions 20b, 20c, 21b, and 21d are each approximately 27 mm thick of the thickness T of the side plate portion 10b constituting the outer wall of the block IO.
It is characterized by being formed in the size of 3.

In addition, also in these blocks 20.21, the side plate portions 20b, 20c, 21b, 21c, 21d of each block
long bolts 1 that fasten the girders 14 and 15, respectively, to the upper ends of the
Regarding the points of burying the insert 17 for screwing in the underground unit 6, the point of attaching the joint hardware 18 to the side plates 20b, 20c, etc. as necessary, and the point of providing the insertion hole 20e for passing the connecting bolt 29 for connecting the underground unit, etc. This is similar to block 10.11 described above.

Long and short bridges spanning the upper ends of the blocks 10 and 11 2
To explain the types of girders 14 and 15, each girder 14
．． 15 are each formed into a rectangular column shape of precast concrete, and fix the upper ends of blocks 10, 11, 20, and 21 connected in the longitudinal direction, and also support the first floor floor panel of the upper building (a house in the illustrated example). The long girder 14 is fixed onto the side plate portion along the longitudinal direction of the room unit 1 by long bolts 16 passing through the girder 14 above and below.

As shown in FIG. 13, a mounting part 14a on which a short girder 15 is placed is formed protrudingly on the side of the girder 14, and a long bolt passing through the upper and lower sides of the short girder 15 is formed. 16
By screwing into the insert 17, the mounting part 14a
It can be firmly fixed to the Although the short girder 15 is made of precast concrete in the embodiment, it may be made of H-beam steel.

By the way, as for the house H, for example, a unitized floor panel is laid on the girder 14, a first floor wall panel, a second floor floor panel, and a 2Wi wall panel are assembled thereon, and a framework, Houses may be constructed by constructing wooden structures and assembling roof panels, but the structure of the house is not limited to these, and may be constructed using conventional construction methods or unit houses. etc. may be used.

In addition, in the case of a house constructed using each of the panel construction methods described above, the connection between the house and the girder is achieved by, for example, providing an anchor bolt protruding from the upper surface of the girder, and then attaching panels such as walls and floors via these anchor bolts. All you have to do is integrate them.

Next, the construction method and operation of the concrete prefabricated basement constructed as described above will be explained.

First, each precast concrete block constituting the room unit 1.2 is formed by casting concrete or the like into a predetermined size and shape in a factory.

Then, these blocks are transported to the work site by truck, but at this time, since the blocks are formed in a U-shaped cross section divided by a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the room unit, the type of block is There are two types available: a U-shaped block that forms the center of the unit, and a block that forms the end wall. Especially when configuring a large basement, it can be accommodated by increasing the number of U-shaped blocks. Therefore, there is no need to increase the size of the block itself, and transportability to the site can be extremely improved.

Next, to assemble the basement at the site, the roots of the ground where the basement is to be constructed are cut, a hole of a specified size is dug, and then the process of quarrying the ground and placing concrete is carried out. , the foundation is constructed, and at this time, the blocks are installed by embedding steel pipes 40 that serve as level standards (see Figure 3 (a)).

Next, the blocks are lifted from the truck using a crane, etc., and then assembled and joined one after another.The assembly order is shown in Figure 3 (B) to (H).
The process is carried out by

That is, the first installation starts from the center of the arrangement (in the example, the center of the room unit 2) as shown in FIG. 3(B), and as shown in FIG. 3(C), this block The blocks 10 of the room unit l are joined to the left and right sides of the block 20.

At this time (when joining the blocks 10 of the room unit 1 on the left and right sides), the connecting hardware 30 is passed between the blocks 10 and 20, and each block is integrated using a connecting bolt passing through these blocks.

After that, while joining the blocks 20 of the room unit 2 in the axial direction, the blocks 10 of the room unit 1 are installed and joined each time on the left and right sides of the blocks 20, and finally the blocks forming the end wall. 11. Install 21.

After connecting each block, as shown in Fig. 3 (F), a long girder 14 is installed on the side plate of the room unit, and then a short girder 14 is attached as shown in Fig. 3 (G). Assemble beams 15 to complete the basement frame.

Once the girders 14 and 15 have been installed as described above, grout is injected between the bottom plate of the block and the foundation concrete, and the gap between the bottom plate and the foundation concrete is filled with grout. Then, attach the bottom plate of each block to the foundation.

Then, when the internal finishing work is finally completed,
The basement as shown in Figure 3 is completed.

On the other hand, when constructing the house H, for example, when the house is mainly composed of panels, the girders 14.1
Lay unitized floor panels on top of 5, assemble the first and second floor wall panels on top of that, and then assemble the framework,
The method used is to construct a building by assembling timber frames and assembling roof panels.

Each wall panel on the first floor may be fixed together by inserting a hole at the lower end of the wall panel into an anchor bolt protruding from the upper surface of a concrete girder and tightening the bolt.

According to the above procedure, the blocks are installed from the center of the arrangement, and the blocks are assembled to the left, right, front, and back of the block. Therefore, each block can be installed and joined inside the root cut hole with high precision. It can be implemented. In other words, in this embodiment, other blocks are joined based on the main body block located in the center of the basement, so that no block is far away from the reference main body block. Since the deviation can be made small, the joining work can be carried out with high precision.

Further, in the embodiment, the underground unit 1.2 is constructed by a plurality of precast concrete blocks 10, 11.20.21 divided by a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and these adjacent blocks 10.11.20. .21, and the connecting hardware 30 is bolted to blocks 10, 11, 20, and 21 to connect the blocks, so the blocks can be easily moved in the longitudinal and width directions. It can be connected to an underground unit, allowing for construction of an underground unit and easy on-site assembly.

Moreover, in the present invention, the block 10.11.20.2
Since the two blocks are integrated by the connecting hardware 30 spanned between the blocks, all that is required is cutting the roots of the space where the blocks are to be installed, and this is especially useful for connecting blocks using the boss tension method using PC steel materials. It has the advantage that it is easier to construct than , and since there is no need to secure a space for inserting the prestressed steel material, the amount of excavation of the root cut hole can be kept to a minimum.

In addition, in the embodiment, the blocks 10, 11, 20, and 21 constituting the room unit have side plates that are joined to a thickness that is approximately 2/3 that of the other side plates, so that the side plates are mutually connected to each other. The side walls that serve as partitions do not increase in thickness even when they are joined and overlapped, so even in a basement where multiple room units are connected in the width direction, materials can be used effectively, and internal partition walls can be It has the advantage that the thickness of the material does not increase.

Furthermore, in the embodiment, the blocks of adjacent room units are integrated by bolts that pass through the side plates of the blocks, so there is no difference in level between the room units, and the blocks of the adjacent room units are integrated. Since they are firmly connected, there is an advantage that the strength of the structure can be improved.

In addition, since the structure is such that the house H is assembled on top of the girder-shaped foundation of the basement, the construction work of the foundation that was previously required can be omitted, and there is no restriction on the position of the foundation. Since the basement can be formed without being damaged, there is an advantage that a large basement can be easily constructed.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and it goes without saying that the size, shape, etc. of the blocks can be changed depending on the design requirements. In addition, it goes without saying that each block forming the entrance to a room may have an opening forming the entrance, if necessary, and in such a case, the bottom plate parts may be connected to each other. The room units are integrated.

"Effects of the Invention" As explained above, according to the present invention, the following excellent effects can be achieved.

(a) The prefabricated concrete basement according to claim 1 comprises:
The underground unit is composed of a plurality of precast concrete blocks divided by a plurality of planes perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, and among the blocks constituting the underground unit, the blocks that are adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the underground unit and It is characterized by the fact that adjacent blocks in the width direction of the underground unit are integrated with each other by connecting hardware that spans between each block and is bolted to the blocks themselves. A room unit can be formed by a simple operation of connecting the rooms along the longitudinal direction and the width direction through connecting hardware, and assembly can be easily carried out on site.

Further, in the present invention, the blocks are integrated by a connecting hardware spanned between the blocks.
Blocks can be firmly joined together, and connecting hardware can be installed by placing the connecting hardware on top of the blocks and screwing in bolts from above, increasing work efficiency. It has the advantage of being good.

(b) The method for constructing a prefabricated concrete basement according to claim 2 is such that the underground unit is divided into a plurality of planes orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit, and the longitudinal cross section is U-shaped, consisting of a bottom plate portion and opposing side plate portions. A step of dividing the mold into a main body part and a end wall part consisting of a bottom plate part and a side plate part surrounding three sides of the bottom plate part, and manufacturing these parts as a main body block and a end wall block, respectively, using precast concrete; The process of installing these blocks on the foundation, and the interconnection of blocks that are adjacent to each other in the length and width directions of the underground unit using connecting hardware that spans between these blocks and is bolted to the blocks themselves. Compared to the construction method of basements using cast-in-place concrete, this method has the advantage that the excavation of the cutting hole is smaller and the on-site work can be simplified. . It can improve work efficiency on site and reduce construction costs.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an example of a prefabricated concrete basement and its construction method according to the present invention; FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a house placed on top of the basement, and FIG. 2 is a side sectional view thereof. Figures 3 and 3 (a) to 3) are perspective views showing the construction process of this basement, Figure 4 is a plan view showing the structure of the connecting hardware, and Figure 5 is an enlarged cross-section of the inside of the chain line V in Figure 1. figure,
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the connecting structure of the side plates of adjacent underground units, Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the connecting structure between the girders and side plates, and Figure 8 is a plan view of the joint fittings connecting the blocks. 9 is a sectional view thereof, FIG. 10 is a plan view showing another example of the connecting hardware, FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing the state in which it is attached, and FIG. 12 is a block forming the end wall. FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing the structure of the girder joint. G: Basement, H: House, L2.3
．． 4...Room unit, 10, 11.20.2
1... Frecast concrete block,
14.15...Ground beam, 16...Long bolt, 17...Insert, 18...Joint hardware, 30...Connection hardware .

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) At least two rectangular box-shaped underground units each having an open top surface formed by a bottom plate portion and a side plate portion surrounding the bottom plate portion are arranged adjacently in the width direction, and adjacent underground units are arranged side by side in the width direction. A prefabricated concrete basement made by connecting these underground units to each other and connecting them together, the underground unit being divided into a plurality of precast units by a plurality of planes perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the underground unit. It is constructed of concrete blocks, and among the blocks constituting these underground units, the blocks that are adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the underground unit and the blocks that are adjacent to each other in the width direction of the underground unit are bridged between each block, and the blocks themselves are A prefabricated concrete basement characterized by being integrated with each other by connecting metal fittings bolted together. 2) A plurality of rectangular box-shaped underground units with open tops formed by a bottom plate and side plates surrounding the bottom plate are arranged adjacent to each other in the width direction, and the adjacent underground units are joined to each other and integrated. A method for constructing a prefabricated concrete basement, comprising: dividing the underground unit into a plurality of planes perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof, and constructing a main body having a U-shaped longitudinal section, consisting of a bottom plate portion and opposing side plate portions. A process in which the blocks are divided into a bottom plate part and a end wall part consisting of a side plate part surrounding three sides of the bottom plate part, and each of these parts is manufactured as a main block and a end wall block using precast concrete, respectively, and these blocks are a step of installing the underground unit on the foundation, and a step of interconnecting the blocks that are adjacent to each other in the length direction and the width direction of the underground unit by means of connecting hardware that spans between these blocks and is bolted to the blocks themselves. A construction method for a prefabricated concrete basement, comprising: