JPH044557Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Technical field] The invention is directed to the use of fibrous materials, particularly bagasse, fermented bagasse, dried grass products, rice straw, tree branches and leaves, bamboo, reeds, and other fibrous roughage, or to these materials with waste molasses. The present invention relates to a device for compression molding a mixture of additives such as flour, oil cake, etc. for the purpose of seasoning, enrichment, binder, etc. into a sheet or mat shape.

〔background〕

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In addition to concentrate feed, roughage is essential for feed for livestock, especially cattle. In the past, in Japan, the main food sources were grass and rice straw, along with seeds, bran, oil cake, fish meal, root vegetables, and other self-sufficient animal and plant products.

However, with the mechanization of agricultural work, the absolute amount of rice straw, which is the most important forage, is currently in short supply, and due to labor shortages and rising labor costs, pasture cultivation and weeding have become difficult. They rely on feed to win. As a result, breeding costs have increased, and serious problems such as frequent fattening disorders (bloat, urolithiasis, etc.) due to lack of roughage have been caused.

In order to deal with this situation, new roughage sources are being developed, and various fibrous materials such as bagasse, which is the lees of sugar cane, fermented bagasse, and crushed tree branches and leaves, are used as roughage. Attempts are being made to pay them as a salary.

Among these, fermented bagasse in particular has been shown in test results to be superior to rice straw and grass in terms of weight gain and improvement in meat quality, and to eliminate symptoms such as diarrhea. Moreover, in Southeast Asia, Okinawa, and other countries, large amounts of rice straw are produced, and there are few uses for it, and most of it is incinerated or disposed of, making it extremely promising as a substitute for rice straw. However, depending on the moisture content (around 10 to 15%), it is extremely bulky with an apparent specific gravity (bulk specific gravity) of around 0.1 to 0.2 or less, and transportation and storage costs are high when imported into Japan. Moreover, it has many short fibers, making it difficult to store and handle, and it is also difficult to forage, and fermented bagasse alone is difficult to eat.

On the other hand, conventionally imported items such as rice straw, grass, and dried grass are also bulky, and like bagasse, around 80% of the final price is accounted for by transportation and storage costs.
The current situation is that the price is higher than that of domestically produced products. Moreover, these have the disadvantage that mold grows when there is a lot of moisture, and the amount imported is extremely small compared to the required amount. Furthermore, it is common practice to store dried grass in silos or the like for self-consumption, but this also requires large-capacity containers.

〔the purpose〕

The present invention was developed in view of the above, and aims to reduce the cost of transporting and storing fermented bagasse and other fibrous roughage, and to make it easier to handle and feed livestock. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for compression molding around 1 or less. In addition, the present invention continuously produces a sheet-like or mat-like compound feed mainly consisting of fibrous roughage by adding additives such as blackstrap molasses and oil cake to increase palatability and nutritional value. Provide equipment. Furthermore, the present invention provides a continuous compression molding device that has a simple structure and can reliably compress fibrous roughage. Additionally, the compression molded product produced by the device of the present invention can also be used as fertilizer.

By the way, the device of the present invention can handle the pre-processing process of cutting, crushing, and grinding long or large roughage, adding water necessary to mix additives uniformly, and mixing the whole product uniformly. Preferably, it is placed after the stirring and mixing step. Also, after the device of the present invention, there is usually a drying device for lowering the moisture content of the molded product, and a device for cutting the sheet or mat-like molded product into plates or blocks, or winding it into rolls. do. Each of these devices is organically connected by a belt conveyor. Of course, it is also possible to incorporate a dryer, a cutter, etc. into the latter half of the apparatus of the present invention.

[Configuration and action]

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the compression molding apparatus of this invention will be explained in detail based on the Example shown in drawing.

1 and 2 show an example of a compression molding apparatus according to the present invention. This compression molding device 1 has a side view L
Two upper and lower slat conveyors 3 and 4 are assembled into a frame 2 assembled into a shape, and the conveyors are rotated by sprockets 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively. Each slat conveyor 3, 4 has slats 9..., 10... on the conveying surface.
Chains 11, 11 and 12, 12 of each conveyor 3, 4 are supported by curved rails 13, 13 and 14, 14 so that they face each other and the interval becomes narrower from the entrance side to the middle. There is. In this example, the intervals between the slats 9 and 10 after the middle are approximately equal. The widely spaced opening 15 on the entrance side is sealed on both sides with triangular side plates 16, 16, and a hopper 17 is disposed above it. Incidentally, reference numerals 18 and 19 in the figure are auxiliary sprockets that help drive the conveyors 3 and 4.

The distance between the chains 11 and 12 at the opening 15 is maintained by the side plate 16, but other parts are free, and the upper chain 11 and eventually the slat 9
It is possible that it may drip. In this case, a separate rail may be provided to support rollers (not shown) provided on the slat 9.

In the hopper 17, either fibrous roughage that has been subjected to the necessary pretreatment or roughage material A (moisture content 10 to 65%) that is uniformly mixed with additives and water.
), and each conveyor is driven by the motor 20. The roughage material A falls into the opening 15 under its own weight, is sandwiched between the slats 9, 10, and is gradually compressed while moving toward the outlet side and becomes a sheet-like (or mat-like) molded product B.

Since this sheet-like molded product B is simply compressed under pressure, almost no water is removed, although it depends on the water content of the roughage material A. Therefore, after molding, it is recommended to subject the product to a dryer 21 (dashed line in FIG. 2) to obtain a desired moisture content (approximately 10 to 20%). Furthermore, it is cut into plates of appropriate length using a cutting machine (not shown),
Vertical and horizontal roll cutters 22, 23 (dashed lines in Figure 2)
It is then cut into several cm square pieces to form a block-shaped roughage C as shown in Fig. 3. In Fig. 3, the symbols A... are fermented bagasse fibers, B is the blackstrap molasses attached to the bagasse fibers, and C is a schematic drawing of concentrated feed. Alternatively, it may be cut into thin strips or wound into a roll as a wide strip. Further, drying may be performed after cutting.

By the way, the compression ratio of the present device 1 is determined by the ratio of the slat spacing D on the entrance side and the slat spacing d on the middle (or exit side). For example, D=20,d
= 2, the compression ratio is 10 times and the volume is 1/10 of the original roughage material A. Although the compression ratio depends on the type of fibrous roughage and other conditions, it is usually possible to set the compression ratio to about 10 to 20. However, if the sliding gradient (degree of taper) of each slat conveyor 3, 4 at the opening 15 is too large, the roughage material A will slip, and if it is too small, a long conveyor will be required. Therefore, in the case of the natural fall method, a value of about 1/5 to 1/15, especially about 1/10, is considered optimal. Therefore, D=20
cm and d=2 cm, it is preferable that the distance between D and D is approximately 100 cm.

However, the compression ratio and gradient are affected by the raw material ratio of the roughage material A, moisture content, density, viscosity, degree of compression, and whether feeding into the opening 15 is by natural fall or forced type, etc. Therefore, in order to optimize these dimensions and slopes, the rails 13 and 14 were
It is preferable to make the interval between the two sides variable and to make the side plates replaceable or position adjustable. In addition, the code 3 in Figure 2
2 and 33 are position adjustment tools for sprockets 5 and 7;
4 and 35 are tension adjusters for chains 11 and 12;
Reference numerals 6 and 37 are position adjusting tools for the rails 13 and 14.

However, the compression ratio becomes lower than the calculated value due to movement and slippage of the roughage material A in the vertical and horizontal directions. In the case of the above device, the amount is calculated to be 10 times, but it becomes about 6 to 8 times, depending on the composition of the roughage material.

In order to prevent this reduction in the compression ratio, especially its spread in the lateral direction, one of the slats 1 is
It is conceivable that the slat 0 has a concave shape in cross section, and the other slat 9 has a narrow plate shape so as to fit into the concave portion, or it has a convex shape as shown in FIG. Also the fifth
As shown in the figure, protrusions 24 and other irregularities may be provided on the surface of each slat to ensure gripping and biting of the roughage material A. In FIG. 5, through holes 25 are provided as necessary to remove water generated by compression and to reduce the weight of the slat.

Or, as shown in Fig. 6, the slat conveyors 3 and 4
It is also possible to provide a bulging part 26 in which the interval between conveying surfaces is widened from a narrow state, and then narrowed sequentially, to prevent the roughage material A from returning forward from this part. This bulging portion 26 is not limited to the entrance side, but may be provided in the middle of the conveyor.

On the other hand, if the lengths of the slats 9 and 10 are increased, there is a risk that compression of the central portion may become insufficient due to flexure.
Therefore, as shown in Fig. 7a, each slat 9...,
Applying pressure with roller 27 from the back side of 10...
As shown in FIG. 5b, rollers 28 are preferably attached to the back surface of each slat 9, 10 so as to press against the third rail 29.

[Modifications/Other Examples]

Moreover, since the sheet-like molded product B released from between the slats recovers somewhat over time, the compression ratio becomes even lower than the calculated value. The degree of restoration depends on the condition of the roughage material A, especially the moisture content, the pressurization time (particularly at the interval d), the compression ratio, etc. In the above example, the thickness of the compressed material is approximately doubled. In the drying step, the degree of restoration becomes even greater.

The higher the water content, the easier it is to restore, so the water content is reduced to about 10 to 65% in the previous step, more preferably 10 to 65%.
It is best to adjust it to around 45%. Further, the longer the pressurizing time, the better, and the restorability can be suppressed by slowing down the moving speed of the conveyor to lengthen the residence time, or by lengthening each of the slat conveyors 3 and 4 as shown in FIG. However, slowing down the moving speed is unfavorable from the point of view of efficiency, and making the conveyor longer requires greater driving force. Therefore, the degree of restoration can be reduced by reducing the moisture content of the roughage material A as much as possible and compressing it at the highest possible compression ratio.

Note that when roughage material A is heated and dried under pressurized conditions, restoration can be almost suppressed. This is due to the heat set effect, and can be achieved by covering the rear part of a long conveyor to form a drying section 30, as shown in FIG. 8, and blowing hot air into the drying section 30. Alternatively, this can be achieved by providing the dryer 21 connected to the device of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 with a similar configuration.

Next, in each of the above examples, the roughage material A is placed in the hopper 17.
The forage material A in the hopper 17 may be forcibly fed into the opening 15 by a screw conveyor 31 as shown in FIG. 9. In addition, the height of the entire device can be lowered,
The tapered portions of the slat conveyors 3, 4 may also be made to extend in the lateral direction.

Or, as shown in Fig. 10, the slat conveyor 3,
It is also possible to arrange the whole of 4 in the horizontal direction and feed the roughage material A into the opening 15 with a screw conveyor 31. In addition to the screw conveyor, pistons and other press-fitting mechanisms are naturally used.

〔effect〕

As described in detail above, the present invention is a compression molding apparatus for fibrous roughage, in which two slat conveyors are arranged so that the slats on the conveying surface face each other, and the interval between the facing slats is oriented from the inlet side to the outlet side. It is supported by rails so that it becomes narrower in the middle or toward the exit, and a hopper is provided in connection with the widely spaced opening on the entrance side.

Therefore, the roughage material can be continuously compressed into a sheet or mat shape, and a large amount of fibrous roughage can be solidified easily and reliably. In the device of the present invention, the roughage material is compressed in a random manner, so the fibers are well entangled and do not lose their shape. Also, with simple press compression, it takes 200% to compress to 1/10.
It is necessary to apply pressure for several minutes at a pressure of Kg/1cm ² , making it unsuitable for large-scale processing, but the device of the present invention does not have this drawback.

Furthermore, by further heating and drying the obtained sheet-like molded product and cutting it into appropriate sizes, it is possible to easily obtain plate-like molded products and block-like molded roughage with excellent storage stability and handling. This will greatly reduce transportation and storage costs for roughage, and will make a major contribution to the dairy industry by promoting the import of inexpensive fibrous roughage such as fermented bagasse.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of the device of the present invention;
The figure is a side view with the frame removed, Figure 3 is a perspective view showing an example of molded roughage, Figures 4 a, b, and 5.
The figure shows a modified example of the slat, and Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view.
Figure 5 is a perspective view, Figure 6 is a partial side view showing another example, Figures 7a and b are perspective views showing the back side of different slats, Figures 8, 9 and 10 are FIG. 8 is a schematic side view, and FIGS. 9 and 10 are partial side views, showing other different examples. 1... Compression molding device, 3, 4... Slat conveyor, 9, 10... Slat, 13, 14... Rail, 15... Opening, 17... Hopper, 21
...Dryer, 22,23...Roll cutter, 2
6... Swollen part, 30... Drying part, 31... Screw conveyor, A... Roughage material, B... Sheet-like molded product, C... Molded roughage.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claim for Utility Model Registration] 1. Two slat conveyors are supported by rails so that the slats on the conveying surface face each other, and the interval between the facing slats gradually narrows from the entrance side to the middle or exit side. A compression molding apparatus for a fibrous material, characterized in that the side surface of the wide opening on the entrance side is sealed with a side plate, and a hopper is provided in connection with the opening. 2. The fibrous material compression molding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one of the slats of the conveyor is concave in cross-sectional view, and the other slat is convex or flat so as to fit into the concave part. . 3. A compression molding device for a fibrous material according to claim 1 or 2 of the utility model registration claim, wherein the slats are provided with through holes and/or irregularities.