JPH0446875A - Joint structure for car body skeleton part - Google Patents
Joint structure for car body skeleton partInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0446875A JPH0446875A JP15169990A JP15169990A JPH0446875A JP H0446875 A JPH0446875 A JP H0446875A JP 15169990 A JP15169990 A JP 15169990A JP 15169990 A JP15169990 A JP 15169990A JP H0446875 A JPH0446875 A JP H0446875A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- body frame
- center pillar
- rib
- groove
- car body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［発明の目的］
（産業上の利用分野）
この発明は、例えば４ドアハードトップ車において、フ
ロントとリヤとのドア間に垂直に設置されるセンタ・ピ
ラーとフロアの側部に配置されるサイド・シルとの結合
等に供する車体骨格部品の結合構造に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Objective of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) This invention is directed to a center pillar and a floor installed vertically between the front and rear doors of a four-door hardtop vehicle, for example. The present invention relates to a connection structure of vehicle body frame parts used for connection with side sills arranged on the sides.
（従来の技術）
従来の車体骨格部品、例えばセンタ・ピラーとサイド・
シルとの結合構造としては、例えば第４図に示すものが
知られている（自動車工学全書１３巻乗用車の車体、２
４頁の項目ｒ２．３．４サイドボデー、ルーフ」）。即
ち、車体１のドアの部分が、ルーフ２、フロント・ピラ
ー３、フロント・フェンダ−４、フロア５の側部のサイ
ド・シル６、リヤ・フェンダ−７等により構成される。(Conventional technology) Conventional car body frame parts, such as center pillars and side pillars,
As a coupling structure with the sill, for example, the one shown in Fig. 4 is known (Complete Book of Automotive Engineering Vol.
Item r2.3.4 “Side body, roof” on page 4). That is, the door portion of the vehicle body 1 is composed of a roof 2, a front pillar 3, a front fender 4, a side sill 6 on the side of a floor 5, a rear fender 7, and the like.
そして、サイド・シル６の部分の中間に、ドアのウェス
トの高さのセンタ・ピラー８が固着されている。A center pillar 8 at the height of the waist of the door is fixed in the middle of the side sill 6.
センタ・ピラー８は鋼板をプレス加工したインナーパネ
ルとアウターパネルとを接合して成る。The center pillar 8 is formed by joining an inner panel and an outer panel made of press-formed steel plates.
また、サイド・シル６も同様にインナーパネルとアウタ
ーパネルとを接合して成り、センタ・ピラー８の接合舌
片がサイド・シル６にスポット溶接で結合された構造に
なっている。Further, the side sill 6 is similarly formed by joining an inner panel and an outer panel, and has a structure in which the joining tongue of the center pillar 8 is joined to the side sill 6 by spot welding.
（発明が解決しようとする課題）
しかしながら、上記結合構造によると、センタ・ピラー
８、サイド・シル６はそれぞれインナーパネルとアウタ
ーパネルとをスポット溶接などで接合して筒状に構成す
るものであるため、原材の固数も多く、管理も煩雑であ
った。また、これらセンタ・ピラー８などは車体骨格部
品としての強度を保つため板厚をそれほど薄くはできず
、軽量化にも限界があった。(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) However, according to the above-mentioned joint structure, the center pillar 8 and the side sills 6 are each formed into a cylindrical shape by joining an inner panel and an outer panel by spot welding or the like. Therefore, the number of raw materials was large, and management was complicated. Furthermore, in order to maintain the strength of the center pillar 8 and other parts of the car body, the plate thickness could not be made very thin, and there was a limit to how much weight could be reduced.
これに対しセンタ・ピラー２などをアルミなどの押出し
によって一体成形すれば原材の点数も減少【７、製造、
加工、管理が容品になると共に、軽量化を図ることも可
能となる。On the other hand, if the center pillar 2 etc. are integrally formed by extrusion of aluminum etc., the number of raw materials will be reduced [7.
Processing and management become more convenient, and it is also possible to reduce the weight.
しかしながら、このように押出し成形によって筒状に構
成されたセンタ・ピラー８、サイド・シル６などを相互
に結合する場合、従来のようにスポット溶接を用いるこ
とができず、このことがセンタ・ピラー８などの車体骨
格部品をアルミなどの押出し成形によって構成すること
の障害となっていた。However, when the center pillar 8, side sill 6, etc., which are formed into a cylindrical shape by extrusion molding, are to be joined together, spot welding cannot be used as in the conventional method. This was an obstacle to constructing body frame parts such as No. 8 by extrusion molding of aluminum or other materials.
そこでこの発明は、センタ命ピラーなどの車体骨格部品
を軽量材料で筒状に成形し、これら車体骨格部品を十分
な結合剛性で相互に接合することを可能とする車体骨格
部品の結合構造の提供を目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, the present invention provides a connection structure for car body frame parts, which makes it possible to form car body frame parts such as a center pillar into a cylindrical shape using a lightweight material and to join these car body frame parts to each other with sufficient bonding rigidity. With the goal.
［発明。構成］
（課題を解決するための手段）
そこでこの発明は、軽量材料で筒状に成形した第１の車
体骨格部品と、軽量材料で筒状に成形した第２の車体骨
格部品とを有し、一方の車体骨格部品の端部を他方の車
体骨格部品の中間に突当てて両者を結合する車体骨格部
品の結合構造において、前記一方の車体骨格部品の外側
の端部と他方の車体骨格部品外縁部との一方に第１のリ
ブ、他方にこのリブに嵌合する第１の溝を設け、前記他
方の車体骨格部品の内側に横方向内側−・向いた支持面
を設け、前記一方の車体骨格部品の横方向内側に前記支
持面に接するフランジ部を設け、これら支持面とフラン
ジ部との一方に第２のリブ、他方にこのリブに嵌合する
第２の溝を設けたことを特徴とする
（作用）
上記構成によれば、第１、第２の車体骨格部品は、例え
ばアルミなどの軽量材で筒状に一体成形することが可能
となる。そして、第１、第２の車体骨格部品は、結合さ
れると第１、第２のリブと第１、第２の溝とが嵌合する
と共にフランジ部が支持面に接し２、第２の車体骨格部
品に対する第１の車体骨格部品の結合強度を向上させる
ことができる。[invention. [Structure] (Means for Solving the Problems) Therefore, the present invention includes a first vehicle body frame component formed into a cylindrical shape from a lightweight material, and a second vehicle body frame component formed into a cylindrical shape from a lightweight material. , in a car body frame parts connection structure in which an end of one car body frame part hits the middle of the other car body frame part to join the two, the outer end of the one car body frame part and the other car body frame part A first rib is provided on one side of the outer edge portion, a first groove that fits into the rib is provided on the other side, a support surface facing laterally inward is provided on the inside of the other vehicle body frame component, and A flange portion in contact with the support surface is provided on the inner side in the lateral direction of the vehicle body frame component, a second rib is provided on one side of the support surface and the flange portion, and a second groove that fits into the rib is provided on the other side. Characteristics (Function) According to the above configuration, the first and second vehicle body frame parts can be integrally molded into a cylindrical shape from a lightweight material such as aluminum. When the first and second vehicle body frame parts are combined, the first and second ribs fit into the first and second grooves, and the flange portion contacts the support surface, and the second and second ribs fit into the first and second grooves. The bonding strength of the first vehicle body frame component to the vehicle body frame component can be improved.
（実施例） 以下この発明の詳細な説明する。(Example) This invention will be explained in detail below.
第１図Ｇ）はこの発明の第１の実施例の結合構造を示す
断面図、■は第１の車体骨格部品としてセンタ・ピラー
の斜視図であり、車体１において第２の車体骨格部品で
あるサイドφシル２０にセンタ・ピラー１０とフロアパ
ネル３０とが結合されている。サイド・シル２０はアル
ミ等の軽量で、剛性、加工性に優れた材料を長尺の筒状
に押出し成形して成り、車幅方向外側の湾曲部２１、内
側の垂直部２２、上部の水平部２３で閉じて一体形成さ
れ、センタ・ピラー１０との結合部において、垂直部２
２の上部には第２の溝２４が、下部には満２５が車体前
後方向に連続して設けられる。垂直部２２の車幅方向内
面は横方向内側へ向いた支持面２２ａを構成している。FIG. 1G) is a sectional view showing the joint structure of the first embodiment of the present invention, and ■ is a perspective view of the center pillar as the first vehicle body frame component. A center pillar 10 and a floor panel 30 are connected to a certain side φ sill 20. The side sill 20 is made by extruding a lightweight material such as aluminum with excellent rigidity and workability into a long cylindrical shape, and has a curved part 21 on the outside in the vehicle width direction, a vertical part 22 on the inside, and a horizontal part on the top. The vertical part 2 is formed integrally with the center pillar 10,
A second groove 24 is provided in the upper part of the groove 2, and a second groove 25 is provided in the lower part thereof continuously in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. The inner surface of the vertical portion 22 in the vehicle width direction constitutes a support surface 22a facing inward in the lateral direction.
また、水平部２３の上部外側には第１の溝２６が車室内
側に向けて設けられ、同様に車体前後方向に連続して延
設されている。Further, a first groove 26 is provided on the outer side of the upper part of the horizontal portion 23 toward the inside of the vehicle interior, and similarly extends continuously in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.
センタ・ピラー１０は同様にアルミ等の材料を鋳造成形
して成り、図示の場合は４ドアハードトツプ車に適用す
ることが可能な高さを有する。そして、垂直な板部１１
の外側にかまぼこ状の膨出部１２が閉じて筒状に一体成
形され、板部１１の下端内側に前記支持面２２ｇに接す
るフランジ部１３ａが設けられ、さらにその下端にフロ
アバネル３０と重合する支持部１３ｂが車室内側へ水平
に突設される。また、フランジ部１３ａには第２のリブ
１４が、第２の溝２４に嵌合可能に突設され、膨出部１
２の下端部には第１のリブ１５が、第１の溝２６と嵌合
可能に設けられている。The center pillar 10 is similarly formed by casting a material such as aluminum, and in the illustrated case has a height that can be applied to a four-door hardtop vehicle. And the vertical plate part 11
A semi-cylindrical bulge 12 is closed on the outside and integrally molded into a cylindrical shape, a flange 13a is provided inside the lower end of the plate 11 in contact with the support surface 22g, and a support that overlaps with the floor panel 30 is provided at the lower end of the flange 13a. The portion 13b is provided to protrude horizontally toward the interior of the vehicle. Further, a second rib 14 is provided on the flange portion 13a so as to protrude so as to fit into the second groove 24, and the bulge portion 1
A first rib 15 is provided at the lower end portion of 2 so as to be able to fit into a first groove 26 .
フロアパネル３０はサイド・シル２０の溝２５に圧入す
ることが可能な板状に形成されている。The floor panel 30 is formed into a plate shape that can be press-fitted into the groove 25 of the side sill 20.
そこで、センタ・ピラー１０はサイド・シル２０の長手
方向端部から挿入され、第１のリブ１５が第１の溝２６
に、第２のリブ１４が第２の溝２４に嵌合する。そして
、サイド・シル２０に対するセンタ・ピラー１０の所定
位置において第１のリブ１５と第１の溝２６との嵌合部
にアーク溶接Ａを施して一体化される。フロアパネル３
０の左右両側端部は車体前後方向に沿ってサイド・シル
２０の溝２５に嵌入係合して連結され、且つサイド・シ
ル２０とフロア３０にアーク溶接Ａを施して一体的に結
合される。サイド・シル２０のセンタ・ピラー取付は部
において、センタ・ピラー１０の支持部１３ｂはフロア
パネル３０上でシートレール３１との間に挟み込み、ボ
ルト・ナツト３２により共線めして結合される。こうし
て結合されたセンタ瞭ピラー１０には、リヤドアが取付
けられ、フロントドアが当接して閉じるように組付けら
れる。Therefore, the center pillar 10 is inserted from the longitudinal end of the side sill 20, and the first rib 15 is inserted into the first groove 26.
Then, the second rib 14 fits into the second groove 24. Then, at a predetermined position of the center pillar 10 with respect to the side sill 20, arc welding A is applied to the fitting portion between the first rib 15 and the first groove 26 to integrate them. floor panel 3
The left and right end portions of 0 are connected by fitting into the grooves 25 of the side sill 20 along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, and are integrally connected to the side sill 20 and the floor 30 by arc welding A. . When attaching the side sill 20 to the center pillar, the support portion 13b of the center pillar 10 is sandwiched between the seat rail 31 on the floor panel 30 and collinearly connected with the bolt and nut 32. A rear door is attached to the center pillar 10 that is connected in this way, and the front door is assembled so as to abut and close it.
この実施例の結合構造により、センタ・ピラー１０、サ
イド・シル２０はアルミの押出し、鋳造による一体成形
で軽くて剛性の高いものになる。Due to the joint structure of this embodiment, the center pillar 10 and the side sills 20 are integrally formed by extrusion or casting of aluminum and are lightweight and highly rigid.
そして、センタ・ピラー１０、サイド・シル２０は第１
のリブ１５と第１の溝２６、第２のリブ１４と第２の溝
２４の広範囲で面接触し、強固に結合される。側面衝突
時やフロントドア閉時等にセンタ・ピラー１０の車室内
側へ作用する力は、センタピラー１０を倒そうとするが
、上述の各面接触で強固に支持される。特に、フランジ
部１３ａが支持面２２ａに接し、倒れ力を強固に支持す
る。And the center pillar 10 and side sill 20 are the first
The ribs 15 and the first grooves 26 and the second ribs 14 and the second grooves 24 come into surface contact over a wide area and are firmly coupled. The force that acts on the center pillar 10 toward the interior of the vehicle during a side collision or when the front door is closed tends to collapse the center pillar 10, but the center pillar 10 is firmly supported by the contact between the surfaces described above. In particular, the flange portion 13a contacts the support surface 22a and firmly supports the falling force.
リヤドア開時の外側に作用する力は、上述の各面接触で
確実に支持されることになる。さらに、溶接、支持部１
３のボルト締め、フロアパネル３０の溝２５への嵌合で
より高い強度で結合され、センタ・ピラー１０は強固に
保持される。また、第１のリブ１５、第１の溝２６の嵌
合、第２のリブ１４、第２の溝２４の嵌合、フロアパネ
ル３０、溝２５の嵌合でサイド・シル２０に補強ビード
が形成された形態となり、曲げ剛性がより高くなる。The force acting on the outside when the rear door is opened is reliably supported by the above-mentioned surface contact. Furthermore, welding, support part 1
By tightening the bolts 3 and fitting into the grooves 25 of the floor panel 30, the connection is made with higher strength, and the center pillar 10 is firmly held. In addition, a reinforcing bead is formed on the side sill 20 by the fitting of the first rib 15 and the first groove 26, the fitting of the second rib 14 and the second groove 24, and the fitting of the floor panel 30 and the groove 25. It becomes a formed form and has higher bending rigidity.
センタ・ピラー１０の後方に作用するリヤドアの荷重に
よるモーメントは、第１のリブ１５と第１の溝２６との
嵌合部、第２のリブ１４と第２の溝２４との嵌合部、さ
らにフロアパネル３０と溝２５との嵌合部、支持部１３
とフロアパネル３０及びシートレール３１との各面接触
、ボルト３２の締結力により受けて強固に支持される。The moment due to the rear door load acting on the rear of the center pillar 10 is generated at the fitting portion between the first rib 15 and the first groove 26, the fitting portion between the second rib 14 and the second groove 24, Furthermore, the fitting part between the floor panel 30 and the groove 25, the support part 13
It is strongly supported by the surface contact between the floor panel 30 and the seat rail 31, and by the fastening force of the bolts 32.
第２図はこの発明の第２の実施例の結合構造を示す断面
図であり、センタ・ピラー１０において板部１１の第２
のリブ１４の上方にリブ１７が追加され、支持部１３ｂ
が車室外側に延長され、溝２５に嵌合している。従って
、この実施例ではリブ１７もサイド・シル２０の水平部
２３上に係合し、支持部１３がフロア３０と共に溝２５
に係合し、センタ・ピラー１０の剛性と共にサイド・シ
ル２０との結合強度がさらに向上する。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the joint structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.
A rib 17 is added above the rib 14 of the supporting part 13b.
is extended to the outside of the vehicle interior and is fitted into the groove 25. Therefore, in this embodiment, the rib 17 also engages on the horizontal part 23 of the side sill 20, so that the support part 13, together with the floor 30, fits into the groove 25.
This further improves the rigidity of the center pillar 10 and the strength of its connection with the side sills 20.
第３図はこの発明の第３の実施例のセンタ・ピラー結合
部を示す断面図であり、サイド・シル２０の垂直部２２
、水平部２３に抜止め構造の第１、第２の溝２８．２９
が車体前後方向に連続して設けられる。また、センタ・
ピラー１０の板部１１、膨出部１２にはフックとなる第
１、第２のリブ１８．１９が設けられる。そして、第１
、第２の溝２８．２９へ第１、第２のリブ１８，１９が
車体前後方向から挿入して係合され、センタ・ピラー１
０がサイド・シル２０に対（７所定位置に取付けられる
。従って、この実施例ではサイド・シル２０に対しセン
タ・ピラー１０が、上下及び左右に位置決めされ且つ結
合されることになり、上記同様の作用効果を奏しながら
剛性、結合強度が更に向上する。FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the center pillar joint part of the third embodiment of the present invention, and shows the vertical part 22 of the side sill 20.
, first and second grooves 28 and 29 with a retaining structure are provided in the horizontal portion 23.
are provided continuously in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. In addition, the center
First and second ribs 18 and 19 serving as hooks are provided on the plate portion 11 and the bulging portion 12 of the pillar 10. And the first
, the first and second ribs 18 and 19 are inserted into and engaged with the second grooves 28 and 29 from the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, and the center pillar 1
0 is attached to the side sill 20 at a predetermined position. Therefore, in this embodiment, the center pillar 10 is positioned and connected vertically and horizontally to the side sill 20, and the center pillar 10 is attached to the side sill 20 at a predetermined position. The rigidity and bonding strength are further improved while achieving the same effects as described above.
尚、この発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではない。Note that this invention is not limited to the above embodiments.
例えば、センタ・ピラー１０とサイド令シル２０の凹凸
の関係は逆にしても良い。For example, the relationship between the unevenness of the center pillar 10 and the side rear sills 20 may be reversed.
センタ・ピラー１０は通常の４ドア車のものとし、上端
をサイドルーフレールに結合することもできる。この場
合、同様の構造を採用することができる。さらに、サイ
ド・シルとセカンドクロスメンバとの結合、フロント、
リヤ、・サイドのルーフレール相互の結合等にも同様に
適用できる。The center pillar 10 can also be of a regular four-door car, and its upper end can be connected to a side roof rail. In this case, a similar structure can be adopted. In addition, the connection between the side sill and second cross member, the front
It can be similarly applied to the mutual connection of rear and side roof rails.
［発明の効果］
以上より明らかなように、この発明の構造によれば、車
体骨格部品を軽量材料の押出し成形等で得ることができ
る。原材料の数を減少させることができ、管理が容易と
なる。さらに、第１、第２のリブと第１、第２の溝とを
相互に係合させ且つ支持面にフランジ部を当てるので、
他方の車体骨格部品に端部を突当てる一方の車体骨格部
品の倒れが抑制され結合強度が向上する。[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above, according to the structure of the present invention, a vehicle body frame component can be obtained by extrusion molding of a lightweight material. The number of raw materials can be reduced and management becomes easier. Furthermore, since the first and second ribs and the first and second grooves are engaged with each other and the flange portion is brought into contact with the support surface,
The collapse of one vehicle body frame component whose end abuts against the other vehicle body frame component is suppressed, and the joint strength is improved.
第１図Ｇ）はこの発明の第１の実施例に′係る断面図、
■はセンタ・ピラーの斜視図、第２図はこの発明の第２
の実施例に係る断面図、第３図はこの発明の第３の実施
例に係る断面図、第４図は従来例の斜視図である。
１０・・・センタ・ピラー（第１の車体骨格部品）２０
・・・サイド・シル（第２の車体骨格部品）１５．１４
，１８．１９・・・リブ
２４．２６．２８．２９・・・溝FIG. 1G) is a sectional view according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
■ is a perspective view of the center pillar, and Figure 2 is the second example of this invention.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a conventional example. 10... Center pillar (first vehicle body frame part) 20
...Side sill (second body frame part) 15.14
, 18.19... Rib 24.26.28.29... Groove
Claims (1)
材料で筒状に成形した第２の車体骨格部品とを有し、一
方の車体骨格部品の端部を他方の車体骨格部品の中間に
突当てて両者を結合する車体骨格部品の結合構造におい
て、前記一方の車体骨格部品の外側の端部と他方の車体
骨格部品の外縁部との一方に第１のリブ、他方にこのリ
ブに嵌合する第１の溝を設け、前記他方の車体骨格部品
の内側に横方向内側へ向いた支持面を設け、前記一方の
車体骨格部品の横方向内側に前記支持面に接するフラン
ジ部を設け、これら支持面とフランジ部との一方に第２
のリブ、他方にこのリブに嵌合する第２の溝を設けたこ
とを特徴とする車体骨格部品の結合構造。It has a first body frame part molded into a cylindrical shape from a lightweight material, and a second body frame part molded into a cylindrical shape from a lightweight material, and the end of one body frame part is connected to the end of the other body frame part. In a joint structure of car body frame parts that connects the two by abutting in the middle, a first rib is provided on one of the outer end of the one car body frame part and an outer edge of the other car body frame part, and this rib is provided on the other side. a first groove that fits into the other body frame component, a support surface facing laterally inward on the inside of the other body frame component, and a flange portion in contact with the support surface on the lateral inside of the one vehicle body frame component. A second support surface is provided on one of the support surface and the flange
A joint structure for vehicle body frame parts, characterized in that a rib is provided on the other side, and a second groove that fits into the rib is provided on the other side.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15169990A JPH0446875A (en) | 1990-06-12 | 1990-06-12 | Joint structure for car body skeleton part |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15169990A JPH0446875A (en) | 1990-06-12 | 1990-06-12 | Joint structure for car body skeleton part |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0446875A true JPH0446875A (en) | 1992-02-17 |
Family
ID=15524334
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15169990A Pending JPH0446875A (en) | 1990-06-12 | 1990-06-12 | Joint structure for car body skeleton part |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0446875A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5765906A (en) * | 1995-10-04 | 1998-06-16 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Vehicle body structure made of extruded members |
| US6733068B2 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2004-05-11 | Wilhelm Karmann Gmbh | Device for increasing strength of a hollow shaped part of a vehicle body |
-
1990
- 1990-06-12 JP JP15169990A patent/JPH0446875A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5765906A (en) * | 1995-10-04 | 1998-06-16 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Vehicle body structure made of extruded members |
| US6733068B2 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2004-05-11 | Wilhelm Karmann Gmbh | Device for increasing strength of a hollow shaped part of a vehicle body |
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