JPH0448904B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an excavator capable of excavating a vertical hole underground from the ground.

[Conventional technology]

Construction sites and civil engineering work often involve digging deep holes perpendicular to the ground surface. For example, digging holes for piles for utility poles and foundation work, and digging holes for manholes to connect to water and sewage mains, involved an extremely large number of work steps.

In the past, such holes were often dug manually using a scoop or the like, but this was extremely inefficient.

Additionally, due to mechanization, in recent years excavators called bucket hoes, which have buckets attached to the end of their arms, have come into widespread use. Furthermore, for mechanization, a power shovel was used and a grab bucket device was suspended from the end of the arm, making it possible to dig holes (8882
), or a drilling rig that could move the bucket vertically and horizontally (opened in 1982).
No. 55055) is proposed.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, such mechanisms for mechanization, such as a bucket hoe, are extremely large-scale and heavy. For this reason, for example, when transporting a batskuhoe into the mountains to dig a hole for the foundation work to construct a steel pole for a power transmission line, the batskuhoe is disassembled to make it lighter and a helicopter or other vehicle is used. They were often transported by hand. Therefore, in places where it is difficult to transport excavators, such as places deep in the mountains, excavation work is still carried out manually, which is extremely inefficient.

Additionally, if a mechanized device such as a batshoe is to be used in urban areas, roads must be wide enough for the vehicle to move around, and it is difficult to use a batsquhoe in deep or extremely narrow areas. Therefore, it was difficult to improve work efficiency.

Furthermore, in the case of excavation equipment that allows the bucket to be moved vertically and horizontally, a considerable amount of space is required both horizontally and in the height direction, making the machine larger. There were flaws.

The present invention aims to improve efficiency by mechanizing the work of digging up earth and sand through excavation work as described above, and by simplifying the structure, it is possible to mechanize the work even in narrow spaces and improve work efficiency. It provides an elevated excavator.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to achieve the above object, an excavation device of the present invention includes a U-shaped frame placed on the ground and opened toward the front, and a swinging device near the upper center of two opposing sides of the frame. A pair of pillars that are rotatably supported, a hydraulic cylinder interposed between each pillar and a rear position of the upper part of the frame, and a hydraulic cylinder that is connected between the upper end of each of the pillars and is rotatably supported on each support shaft. A supported spindle, a boom body fixed to the spindle and extendable in its length direction, a hydraulic motor that rotates the boom body including the spindle, and a hydraulic motor attached to the tip of the boom body. It is characterized by being composed of buckets.

[Effect]

In the present invention, the support can swing at the upper part of the frame, and the boom can rotate, and by rotating the long boom in a timely manner, the bucket can be inserted into the hole.
Therefore, the work of discharging the excavated earth and sand can be performed with a simple configuration, and the work can be performed without requiring a large mechanism such as a backhoe.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be described below with reference to illustrated embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the excavation device of the present invention.

In Figure 1, a frame 1 placed on the ground is bent into a U-shape, and rollers 2 are pivotally supported at each of the other four corners, allowing the frame 1 to move freely. . This frame 1 has a U-shape that opens toward the front, and pillars 3 and 4 are positioned vertically and parallel to each other on the upper surface of two opposing sides, and the pillar 3 has a pin 4. Accordingly, the support column 5 is pivotally supported by a pin 6 so as to be able to swing back and forth.

Bearings 7 and 8 are fixed to the upper portions of both of the supports 3 and 4, respectively. A support shaft 9 is supported on the bearing 7, and a support shaft 10 is supported on the bearing 8. A hydraulic motor 11 is fixed to the bearing 7, and the support shaft 9 is rotated by the hydraulic motor 11.

Further, the bases of hydraulic cylinders 12 and 13 are connected to both corners of the upper surface of the frame 1, the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder 12 is connected to the vicinity of the center of the column 3, and the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder 13 is connected to the column 4. are connected in the middle.

Next, a boom body 14 is fixed to the support shafts 9 and 10, and the boom 14 is supported by the support shafts 9 and 10 so as to be able to swing up and down. This boom body 14 consists of three main booms 15 and a middle boom 1.
6. It consists of a front boom 17, each of which has a rectangular cross section and is inserted telescopically so that it can be expanded and contracted in its length direction. A hydraulic cylinder 18 is inserted inside the main boom 15, and the middle boom 16 and the front boom 17 can each be slid relative to the main boom 15 by the expansion and contraction force of this hydraulic cylinder 18. be. A counterweight 19 is mounted and fixed on the upper surface of the rear end of the former boom 15 to maintain balance. Also, the previous boom 17
Bucket 20 for digging up soil is attached to pin 2.
1, they are rotatably connected.

Next, FIG. 2 shows the piping of the hydraulic system in this embodiment.

The oil tank 30 that stores pressure oil is a hydraulic pump 3
This hydraulic pump 31
is operated by a prime mover 32. The discharge side of this hydraulic pump 31 is a switching valve circuit 33,
34, 35, respectively, and the discharge side of each switching valve circuit 33, 34, 35 is connected to the oil tank 3.
It has been recovered to 0. The hydraulic cylinder 18 is connected to the switching valve circuit 33, the hydraulic cylinders 12 and 13 are connected in parallel to the switching valve circuit 34, and the hydraulic motor 11 is connected to the switching valve circuit 35. ing. The output of the central control circuit 36 containing a microcomputer etc. is independently transmitted as a control signal to the switching valve circuits 33, 34, and 35, and the output of the operating device 37 for controlling the excavator is The central control circuit 3
6 is reported.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained based on FIGS. 1 and 2 and with reference to FIG. 3.

Here, FIGS. 3A to 3D are diagrams for explaining the operation of the embodiment of the present invention.

When the hydraulic pump 31 is operated by the prime mover 32, pressure oil sucked from the oil tank 30 is transmitted to switching valve circuits 33, 34, and 35. Here, the boom body 14 can be expanded and contracted by operating the operating device 37, and can be swung to excavate a hole downward into the ground. This operation is shown in Figure 3 A, B,
Explain in order C and D.

First, Fig. 3A shows a state in which the excavator is stopped, and in this state, the excavator itself is moved by the roller 2 to roll the entire excavator on the road or ground. It can be moved. In this state A, frame 1 is fixed above the hole X to be dug.
Then, when one of the buttons on the operating device 37 is pressed to direct the boom 14 downward, the central control circuit 3
6 detects the control signal and switches the switching valve circuits 34, 3
5 at appropriate timings,
Pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinders 12 and 13, and hydraulic motor 11. The hydraulic cylinders 12, 13 then first reduce their length and tilt the columns 3, 4 in rotation relative to the pins 5, 6. Therefore, the pillars 3 and 4 are A in Fig. 3A.
The boom 14, which is held by the struts 3 and 4, will be moved a little towards the rear of the excavator. At the same time, the hydraulic motor 11 is operated, so that the support shafts 9 and 10 are rotated in the direction B in the figure, and the boom 14 is tilted so that the tip thereof faces toward the ground.

In this way, the hydraulic cylinders 12, 13 and the hydraulic motor 11 operate together, and the boom body 14 is tilted as shown in FIG. 3B.

Next, in the state shown in FIG. 3B, the entire boom body 14 is tilted and moved rearward, so that the bucket 20 is located above the opening of the hole X. Then, in this state, the central control circuit 36 detects this state, and while keeping the rotation direction of the hydraulic motor 11 the same, the hydraulic cylinder 12,
13 respectively, and rotate the columns 3 and 4 in the direction C in the figure so as to return them to their original positions. Therefore, the rotational direction C of the columns 3 and 4 and the rotational direction B of the boom body 14 match, and the central control circuit 36 controls the switching valve circuits 34 and 35 to adjust the rotational speed of both, so that the bucket 20 is always in operation. The boom body 14 is vertically erected while being held in a position above the hole X.

When the supports 3 and 4 become vertical due to the action of the hydraulic motor 11 and the pushing up force of the hydraulic cylinders 12 and 13, the boom body 14 stands vertically to the ground, reaching the position shown in Fig. 3C. . In this state, the bucket 20 is located at the central opening of the hole X, and the boom body 14 is located perpendicular to the direction in which the hole X is dug. In this way, when the columns 3 and 4 are returned perpendicular to the frame 1 and each boom body 14 is positioned perpendicularly to the frame 1, the central control circuit 36 stops controlling the switching valve circuits 34 and 35. do.

Next, in order to insert the bucket bag 20 into the hole X, the button for extending the boom body 14 of the operating device 37 is pressed to transmit a control signal to the central control circuit 36 . The central control circuit 36 uses the signal to transmit a control signal to the switching valve circuit 33, and supplies hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic cylinder 18. As a result, the middle boom 16 and the front boom 17 that make up the boom body 14 are pushed out from the main boom 15, and the bucket 20 connected to the front boom 17 is pushed down in the direction D in Fig. 3. Become. In Figure 3 D, Bucket 2
0 is pushed down until it reaches the bottom of hole

When the bucket 20 comes into contact with the bottom of the hole X, a hydraulic mechanism (not shown) expands the bucket 2 and at the same time digs up the earth and sand, and the bucket acts to grab the earth and sand.

Thereafter, the bucket can be pulled up from the hole X and the excavated earth and sand can be removed from the ground, thereby making it possible to dig deeper than the hole X. Then, to return the bucket 20 to the state shown in FIG.
4 and rotate the support shafts 9 and 10, the bucket can be lifted without coming into contact with the side surface or opening of the hole X.

〔Effect of the invention〕

Since the present invention is configured as described above, although it has an extremely simple configuration, it is possible to insert a bucket into a hole from the ground and excavate earth and sand from a deep hole, and it is possible to mechanize the excavation work. There is an effect that can be done.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, there is no need for a large-scale mechanism such as a bucket hoe as in the past, so it can be used in extremely narrow places or remote places where there are no roads and it is impossible to carry large machines such as a bullet hoe. The work of digging up the earth and sand can be done mechanically, which has the effect of increasing the efficiency of the work.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, the swinging range of the support is limited, and by controlling the swinging and the rotation of the boom body, the movement range of the boom body is reduced, making it possible to dig earth and sand in narrow places. This has the effect of making it possible to carry out tasks efficiently.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing the entire excavation machine which is an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram showing the same hydraulic control circuit as above, and Fig. 3 is an explanation showing the operation of each part of this embodiment. It is a diagram. 1... Frame, 3, 4... Support, 9, 10...
...Spindle, 11...Hydraulic motor, 12, 13...
Hydraulic cylinder, 14...Boom body, 20...Bucket.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A U-shaped frame that is placed on the ground and opens toward the front, a pair of pillars that are pivotally supported near the top center of two opposing sides of this frame, and each pillar. and a rear position of the upper part of the frame, a support shaft connected between the upper end of each of the support columns and rotatably held by each support shaft, and a support shaft fixed to the support shaft. An excavator comprising: a boom body that can extend and contract in its length direction; a hydraulic motor that includes the support shaft and rotates the boom body; and a bucket attached to the tip of the boom body.