JPH0448905B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is an excavator capable of excavating a hole in a vertical direction from the ground level into the ground, and in which the width of the excavated hole can be freely varied. It's about machines.

[Conventional technology]

At construction sites and civil engineering work, deep holes are often dug perpendicularly to the ground surface. For example, holes for setting up telephone poles or stakes,
There is an extremely large amount of work involved in digging manhole holes to connect to main water and sewage pipes.

Conventionally, such holes have often been dug manually using a shovel or the like, but this has been extremely inefficient.

Furthermore, due to mechanization, in recent years, excavators with a bucket attached to the end of the arm, called a bucket, have been widely used. Furthermore, for mechanization, a power shovel was used, and a grab bucket device was suspended from the end of the arm, which enabled drilling work (Jetkotsu No. 8882 of 1970), or a device that moved the bucket horizontally up and down. A drilling rig (Utility Model Publication No. 55055, 1982) has been proposed.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, with these backup mechanisms and mechanisms such as excavators that use power shovels,
The location was extremely large and the weight was heavy. For this reason, for example, when moving a backbone into the mountains to dig a hole for the foundation work to construct a steel pole for a power transmission line, it is necessary to disassemble the backbone to reduce its weight.
They often traveled by helicopter, etc. Therefore, in places where the mountains are deep and it is difficult to transport an excavator, excavation work is still carried out manually, which is extremely inefficient.

In addition, if you want to use a backup truck even if it is placed in a city area, you will need a road that is wide enough for the vehicle to move around, and you cannot use a backup truck in a remote or extremely narrow place. However, it was difficult to improve work efficiency.

For this reason, an excavation device with a simplified structure in which a boom with a bucket attached to it swings at two joints is being considered. However, if the bucket is simply lowered up and down, only a hole in the shape of the bucket can be dug. In actual excavation work, holes of various sizes are required, and it has been desired to freely set the width of the hole.

Furthermore, in the case of excavation equipment that allows the bucket to be moved vertically and horizontally, a considerable amount of space is required both horizontally and in the height direction, making the machine larger. There were flaws.

The purpose of the present invention is to improve the efficiency of excavation work by mechanizing the work that could only be done manually in the excavation work to dig up earth and sand as described above, and to simplify the structure to a certain extent. Mechanical power that could only be exerted in an extremely narrow space can be achieved in an extremely narrow space.Moreover, the boom can be moved not only in the front and rear directions but also in the left and right directions, making it possible to control the size of the hole to be drilled. To provide an excavator whose width can be freely set.

[Means for solving the invention]

In order to achieve the above object, the excavation equipment of the present invention includes a U-shaped frame placed on the ground and opened toward the front, and a swinging device near the upper center of two opposing sides of the frame. A pair of pillars that are rotatably supported, a hydraulic cylinder interposed between these pillars and a rear position of the upper part of the frame, and a hydraulic cylinder that is connected between the upper ends of each of the pillars and rotatably held by these pillars. a boom body attached to the support shaft so as to be movable laterally with respect to the support shaft and extendable and retractable in the length direction; and a hydraulic motor that rotates the support shaft including the boom body. and a bucket attached to the tip of the boom body.

[Effect]

In the present invention, the support column can be swung at the upper part of the frame, and the boom can be rotated about the support shaft, and the boom can be swung by the two joints. Therefore, by rotating the long boom at the right time, the bucket can be inserted into the hole to be excavated. Although the structure is simple, it is possible to remove excavated dirt and the like, and does not require a large mechanism as in the past. and,
Since the boom including the bucket can be moved laterally relative to the support shaft, the width of the hole to be dug can be freely set, increasing the versatility of the work.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be described below with reference to illustrated embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the deep hole drilling apparatus of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, a frame 1 placed on the ground is bent downward into a U-shape, and rollers 2 are pivotally supported on each of the lower surfaces of the squares.
Frame 1 can be moved freely. This frame 1 has a U-shape that opens toward the front, and pillars 3 and 4 are positioned parallel to each other on the upper surface of two opposing sides. The support column 5 is pivotally supported by a pin 6 so as to swing back and forth.

Bearings 7,
8 is fixed, and between the bearings 7 and 8 is a support shaft 9.
is held rotatably. This support shaft 9 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape;
It is rotated by a hydraulic motor 10 fixed to the outside of the bearing 7.

Further, the bases of hydraulic cylinders 11 and 12 are connected to both corners of the upper surface of the frame 1, and the cylinder rod of the hydraulic cylinder 12 is connected to the vicinity of the center of the support column 3. is connected to the middle of the support column 4.

Next, a slider 13 having a rectangular through hole is inserted through the support shaft 9 so as to be movable in the length direction of the support shaft 9, and a boom body 14 is attached to the slider 13. This boom body 14
is held so that it can swing up and down as a result of the rotation of the support shaft 9. This boom body 14 is composed of three main booms 15, middle booms 16, and front booms 17, each of which has a rectangular cross section and is inserted telescopically, so that it can be expanded and contracted in its length direction. It is becoming. Inside the former boom 15 is a hydraulic cylinder 18.
is inserted, and the middle boom 16 and the front boom 17 can each be slid relative to the main boom 15 by the expansion and contraction force of this hydraulic cylinder 18.

Furthermore, a rack 19 is formed on one side of the support shaft 9 in its length direction, and a pinion 21 attached to a hydraulic motor 20 for movement fixed to the side of the former boom 15 is meshed with this rack 19. There is. A bucket 22 for digging up earth and sand is rotatably connected to the tip of the tip boom 17 by a pin 23.

Next, FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing the piping of the hydraulic system in this embodiment.

In Figure 2, an oil tank 3 that stores pressure oil
0 communicates with the suction side of a hydraulic pump 31 and is operated by this hydraulic pump 32. The discharge side of this hydraulic pump 31 is connected to a switching valve circuit 3.
3, 34, 35, and 36, and the discharge side of each switching valve circuit 33, 34, 35, and 36 is collected in the oil tank 30. This switching valve circuit 3
3 is connected to the hydraulic motor 20,
The hydraulic cylinder 18 is connected to the switching valve circuit 34, the hydraulic cylinders 11 and 12 are connected in parallel to the switching valve circuit 35, and the hydraulic motor 10 is connected to the switching valve circuit 36. There is. The output of the central control circuit 37 containing the microcomputer etc. is outputted from the switching valve circuits 33 and 3, respectively.
Control signals are independently transmitted to 4, 35, and 36. Further, the operating device 38 for controlling the entire excavator includes an up and down switch for inserting the boom body 14 into a hole to be excavated and for pulling it up, and a telescopic button for extending and retracting the boom body 14. Left and right buttons for moving the boom body 14 laterally with respect to the support shaft 9 are provided independently, and the output of this operating device 38 is transmitted to the central control circuit 37.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained based on FIGS. 1 and 2 and with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

Here, FIGS. 3A to 3C are diagrams for explaining the excavation work according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the horizontal excavation work according to the same embodiment. be.

When the hydraulic pump 31 is operated by the prime mover 32, the pressure oil sucked from the oil tank 30 is transmitted to each switching valve circuit 33, 34, 35, 36.
Here, by operating the operating device 38 to extend and contract the boom body 14, swing it, and move it from side to side, it is possible to excavate a hole of the required size downward into the ground. .

First, the continuous operation of excavation by the bucket 22 will be explained in the order of A, B, C, and D in FIG.

First, Figure 3A shows a state in which the excavator is stopped, and in this state, the excavator itself is moved by the roller 2, and the entire excavator is moved by rolling on the road or ground. can be done. In this state A, frame 1 is fixed above the hole X to be dug. Then, when one of the buttons on the operating device 38 is pressed to direct the boom body 14 downward, the central control circuit 3
7 detects the control signal and switches the switching valve circuits 35, 3
6 are controlled at appropriate timing to supply hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump 31 to the hydraulic cylinders 11 and 1.
2 and the hydraulic motor 10. Then, the hydraulic cylinders 11 and 12 first reduce their length,
The columns 3 and 4 are tilted so as to rotate around the pins 5 and 6. For this reason, the struts 3 and 4 will be tilted in the direction A in FIG. 3A, and the entire boom 14 held by the struts 3 and 4 will move a little toward the rear of the excavator. At the same time, the hydraulic motor 10 is operated, so that the support shaft 9 is rotated in the direction B in the figure, and the boom body 14 is tilted so that the tip thereof faces toward the ground.

In this way, the hydraulic cylinders 11, 12 and the hydraulic motor 10 work together, and the boom body 14 is tilted, as shown in FIG. 3B.

Next, in the state shown in FIG. 3B, the entire boom body 14 is tilted and moved rearward, so that it is located above the opening of the hole X in the bucket 22. Then, in this state, the central control circuit 36 detects this state, and the hydraulic motor 10
Hydraulic cylinder 1 while keeping the rotation direction of
1 and 12, respectively, and rotate them in the C direction in FIG. 3B so as to return the columns 3 and 4 to their original states. Therefore, the rotational direction C of the struts 3 and 4 and the rotational direction B of the boom body 14 match, and the central control circuit 37 operates the switching valve circuit 3 in order to adjust the rotational speed of both.
5 and 36, the entire boom body 14 is erected vertically while the bucket 20 is always held above the hole X.

Then, due to the action of the hydraulic motor 10 and the pushing up force of the hydraulic cylinders 11 and 12, when the columns 3 and 4 become vertical, the boom body 14 stands vertically to the ground, and the state shown in FIG. becomes. In this state, the bucket 22 is located at the center of the opening of the hole X, and the boom body 14 is located perpendicular to the direction in which the hole X is being dug. In this way, the pillars 3 and 4 return perpendicularly to the frame 1, and the poom body 14 returns to the frame 1.
The central control circuit 37 stops controlling the switching valve circuits 35 and 36 when the central control circuit 37 is positioned perpendicular to the directional control valve.

Next, in order to insert the bucket bag 22 into the hole X, a button for extending the boom body 14 is pressed in the operating device 37, and the control signal is transmitted to the central control circuit 37. The central control circuit 37 transmits the control signal to the switching valve circuit 34 based on the signal, and supplies hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic cylinder 18. As a result, the middle boom 16 and the front boom 17 that make up the boom body 14 are pushed out from the main boom 15, and the bucket 22 connected to the tip of the front boom 17 is moved to the third
It will be pushed out in the direction D in Figure C. Then, as shown in FIG. 3D, the bucket 22 reaches the bottom of the hole When the bucket 22 comes into contact with the bottom of the hole X, a hydraulic mechanism (not shown) causes the bucket 22 to
At the same time as expanding 2, dig up the soil and make bucket 2.
In Step 2, have the children do the work of picking up the dirt.

After that, the bucket 22 is pulled up from the hole X to remove the soil dug into the ground.
You can dig deeper. The action of returning the bucket 22 to the state shown in FIG.
By swinging the bucket and rotating the support shaft 9, the bucket bag 22 can be lifted without coming into contact with the side surface or opening of the hole X.

Even if the bucket 22 is inserted into the hole limited to the size of However, if it is desired to widen the width of the hole to be dug, it is not possible to do so only by the digging action shown in FIG. Therefore, in order to widen the width of the hole
The control signal is transmitted to the switching valve circuit 33. Pressure oil is then transmitted to the hydraulic motor 20 by the switching valve circuit 33.
The pinion 21, which is fixed at zero, is rotated. For this reason, the rack 1 meshed with the pinion 21
9 is fixed to the support shaft 9, the slider 14 slides along the length direction of the support shaft 9, making it possible to move the boom body 14 in the direction E or F in FIG. . For this reason, the bucket 22 can move in the left and right directions with respect to the base and can dig the hole X so as to widen its width. The boom body 14 is moved to the support shaft 9 by this hydraulic motor 20.
Even if it is moved against
The operation of fishing the bucket 20 in the figure is the same.

Next, FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing essential parts of another embodiment of the present invention.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, disk-shaped holding plates 40 and 41 are rotatably supported on the bearings 7 and 8, respectively, and there are parallel plates between the holding plates 40 and 41. Rotate the support shaft 4 so that
2,43 are connected. The holding plate 40 is then rotated by the hydraulic motor 10. Sliders 44 and 45 are slidably inserted into each of the support shafts 42 and 43, respectively.
Both sides of the base boom 15 of the boom body 14 are fixed between the two sides. As a result, the boom body 14 is supported by the sliders 44 and 45 and can move in the length direction of the support shafts 42 and 43. Further, a rack 46 is formed on the side surface of the support shaft 42 along its length, and a pinion 48 rotated by a hydraulic motor 47 fixed to the side surface of the former boom 15 is engaged with this rack 46. has been done.

By rotating the hydraulic motor 47 in the second embodiment, the pinion 48 rolls on the engaged rack 46, thereby causing the slider 44,
45 can be moved in the length direction of the support shafts 42 and 43. Therefore, when changing the width of a hole to be excavated by the excavating bucket 22, the hydraulic motor 47 is operated and the boom body 14 is moved by the sliders 44, 45 to the support shafts 42, 4.
This is possible by moving in the length direction of 3. In this embodiment, the boom body 14 has two support shafts 42 and 43.
The boom body 14 can be held stably.

〔Effect of the invention〕

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to insert the bucket into the hole from the ground and dig out the earth and sand from the deep hole, although it has an extremely simple configuration.
This has the effect of increasing the efficiency of excavation work.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, there is no need for large-scale mechanisms such as a backup mechanism as in the past, so it is possible to perform drilling work even in extremely narrow spaces or remote places where it is impossible to carry large machines. Therefore, it is possible to improve work efficiency.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the bucket can be deflected by moving the boom body left and right, thereby making it possible to vary the width of the hole dug by the bucket and forming a hole with a free opening cross-sectional area. There is an effect that can be done.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the entirety of an excavator that is an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing the same hydraulic circuit, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of each part of this embodiment. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the boom body is moved in the left-right direction, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the present invention. 1... Frame, 3, 4... Support, 9, 42,
43...Spin shaft, 10...Hydraulic motor, 11,1
2, 18, 20... Hydraulic cylinder, 13, 4
4, 45...Slider, 14...Boom body, 1
9,46...Rack, 21,48...Pinion,
22...bucket.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A U-shaped frame that is placed on the ground and opens toward the front, a pair of pillars that are pivotally supported near the top center of two opposing sides of this frame, and these pillars. A hydraulic cylinder interposed between the rear position of the upper part of the frame and the upper end of each of the pillars is connected, and a support shaft rotatably held by these pillars and a support shaft transverse to this support shaft are connected. The boom body is attached to the support shaft so as to be movable in the direction and is extendable and retractable in the length direction; a hydraulic motor that rotates the support shaft including the boom body; and a bucket attached to the tip of the boom body. An excavator characterized by: