【考案の詳細な説明】
本考案はモルタル下地板上に落し込み型で引掛
タイプの窯業系外壁材を段葺状に装着した外壁構
造に関するものである。
〔従来の技術〕
一般に窯業系外壁材（以下、単にボードとい
う）を施工した外壁は主柱、間柱上に防水シート
を敷設し、その上に縦、または横の胴縁を固定
し、その胴縁上に前記ボードを釘着した構造にな
つていた。
〔考案が解決しようとする問題点〕
このようなボードを用いた外壁構造ではボード
と躯体間に防水シートが500ｇ／m2と薄いアスフ
アルトフエルトのみが介在し、かつボードが硬質
のため目地部接着部に間隙が生じやすく、断熱性
に欠ける欠点があつた。また、ボードは防水シー
トを施工時に破損することが多く、防水性に劣る
不利があつた。さらに、防水シートは躯体を全面
的に被覆するためボードの施工位置の位置決めが
容易でなく、作業能率に欠ける欠点があつた。そ
の他、ボードは熱伝導率が高く、結露を生じやす
く、かつ防水シートを釘で穿孔しているため、こ
の結露水が躯体を腐食する好ましくない現象も見
られた。さらに、もう１つはボードが衝撃に弱い
ため、ボードが万一破壊されると薄い防水シート
を介して躯体が直接的に露出し、風雨、防犯上も
大きな弱点となる欠点があつた。さらに、最も大
きな問題としては外壁材の１枚が破損した際の交
換、所謂修理が難易であり、従前は非常に困難
で、かつ大掛りとなる不利があつた。
〔問題点を解決するための手段〕
本考案はこのような欠点を除去するため、主
柱、間柱等の躯体の外側にモルタル下地板を敷
設、固定し、かつ特殊な取付金具を水平に固定し
てボードを着脱容易に施工でき、その上にボード
を施工することによつて、断熱性、防水性、施工
性、耐食性に富む外壁構造を提案することであ
る。
〔実施例〕
以下に、図面を用いて本考案に係る外壁構造の
一実施例について詳細に説明する。第１図は本考
案に係る外壁構造を示す縦断面図であり、１はボ
ードで、陶石、長石、粘土、カオリン等からなる
陶土、またはセメント、耐アルカリ水溶性高分子
に必要により石綿、シリカ、ガラス繊維、炭素繊
維、ウイスカー等を混合してなる無機質系の原料
を押出成形、プレス等によつて成形し、乾燥、蒸
気養生、焼成等して任意形状に形成されたもので
ある。また、ボード１の形状としては例えば第２
図に示すように長尺状の長手方向の両側縁に雄、
雌型連結部２，３を設けた中空状のものなどであ
る。なお、ボード１の木口は第３図ａ〜ｃに示す
ような形状であり、切り欠き、凹溝、突状等の防
水補助部４を設け、これに必要に応じてコーキン
グ材、目地材５を植設することもできる。６は目
地部、７は躯体で主柱、間柱からなり、８は釘、
９はモルタル下地板、１３は取付金具である。さ
らに、モルタル下地板９について詳しく説明する
と、モルタル下地板９は第４図に示すように無機
質、または合板からなる長方形状の基板１０の一
表面に合成樹脂、あるいはラテツシスを塗布した
防水層１１の上にフラツトタイプのセメントモル
タル層１２を形成したものである。しかも、モル
タル下地板９は市販品でよく、大きさは900mm×
1800mm×（４〜12mm）のものである。上記モルタ
ル下地板９は釘８の打設が容易で、かつ防水性、
施工性に富み、かつ補強材的な機能も発揮するも
のである。なお、基板１０としては防水処理され
た石膏ボード、防水処理された炭酸カルシウム
板、珪酸カルシウム板、スレート、石こうスラグ
板、GRC板、防水合板の１種からなるものであ
る。また、取付金具１３は第５図ａ，ｂに示すよ
うにボード１の雄型連結部２を挟持する係合部１
４と雌型連結部３を挟持する嵌合部１５とから形
成し、ボード１を弾力と係合溝構造によつて支持
するものである。なお、ｂ図は取付金具１３を２
分割して形成したものである。ここでボード１の
雄、雌型連結部２，３と取付金具１３の寸法関係
について説明する。そこで、ボード１、取付金具
１３の各部の寸法、および連結部の寸法を第１
図、第２図、第５図に示すように設定すると、
H1＞h1，H2＞h6，H3＞h3，H4＜h5，h4＝１〜３
mm，h1≒５〜10mm，h2≒３〜６mm，h7，h8≒２〜
５mm，L1＜Δl2，L2＝l9＋Δl1，L3＞Δl1，L4＜l11，
l1＞（L3＋L4），l2＝２〜５mm，l3≧L3＋L4，l4＝
５〜20mm，l5＞L5，l6＞L5，l7≒l6＋L5，l8＝５〜
20mm，l9＞l10、としたものである。
次に本考案に係る外壁構造の施工法について説
明すると、第１図に示すように躯体７の外側にモ
ルタル下地板９の表面を外側にして敷設、固定し
て下地を形成する。次に取付金具１３を所定ピツ
チで水平に土台から軒に向つて釘８を介して固定
する。そこで、ボード１のうち、第１段目のボー
ド１をスタータ（図示せず）を介して取付金具１
３の係合部１４に雄型連結部２を嵌挿する。次
に、第２段目のボード１の雌型連結部３を第１図
に示すように嵌合部１５に挿入するものである。
従つて、外壁を葺成するにはこのような工程を順
次、第１段目から第ｎ段目まで行なえばよいもの
である。また、第ｎ段目のボード１が破損したと
仮定すると、破損したボード１を全部除去し、次
に新規ボード１を嵌合部１５に矢印イ方向（第１
図に示す）に挿入し、取付金具１３の立ち上り部
１３ａに当接するまで挿入させる。次に、モルタ
ル下地板９にボード１の裏面を当設して矢印ロ方
向に落し込み第１図に示す連結部とすることによ
り破損個所の修理を完了するものである。
以上、説明したのは本考案に係る外壁構造の一
実施例にすぎず、ボード１を第６図ａ〜ｅに示す
ように形成できる。また、図示しないボードを縦
張りにしたり、取付金具を用いずに釘で直接に固
定することもできる。
〔考案の効果〕
上述したように本考案に係る外壁構造によれ
ば、躯体とボード間に防水性、断熱性、施工性に
すぐれたモルタル下地板を介在させたため、外壁
におけるこれらの性能が従前に比し、大幅に改善
された特徴がある。また、ボードの施工によつて
も下地を破損することがなく、非常に施工しやす
い利点がある。さらに、ボードの目地部、連結部
における間隙があつても躯体への漏れ、風の吹き
込み、気圧による気流の変化もモルタル下地板で
遮断してしまう特徴がある。さらに、ボードが破
損した際の改修が弾力と係合を介しての支持のた
めきわめて容易に行なうことができる特徴があ
る。 [Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to an exterior wall structure in which a drop-in, hook-type ceramic exterior wall material is installed in a stepped manner on a mortar base plate. [Prior art] Generally, for exterior walls constructed with ceramic exterior wall materials (hereinafter simply referred to as boards), a waterproof sheet is laid on the main pillars and studs, and a vertical or horizontal rim is fixed on top of the waterproof sheet. It had a structure in which the board was nailed onto the edge. [Problems that the invention aims to solve] In an exterior wall structure using such boards, only a thin asphalt felt of 500 g/m 2 is interposed between the board and the frame as a waterproof sheet, and since the board is hard, it is difficult to bond the joints. The disadvantage was that gaps tended to form in the sections and lacked heat insulation. In addition, the board was disadvantageous in that the waterproof sheet was often damaged during construction, and its waterproof properties were poor. Furthermore, since the waterproof sheet covers the entire structure, it is not easy to determine the position where the board will be installed, resulting in a lack of work efficiency. In addition, the board has high thermal conductivity and is prone to condensation, and since the waterproof sheet is perforated with nails, there was an undesirable phenomenon in which the condensed water corroded the structure. Another drawback is that the boards are susceptible to impact, so if the boards were to be destroyed, the structure would be directly exposed through the thin waterproof sheet, making it a major weakness in terms of wind, rain, and crime prevention. Furthermore, the biggest problem is that when one of the exterior wall materials is damaged, it is difficult to replace it, so-called repair, which in the past was extremely difficult and involved a large-scale disadvantage. [Means for solving the problem] In order to eliminate these drawbacks, the present invention lays and fixes a mortar base plate on the outside of the frame such as main columns and studs, and fixes special mounting brackets horizontally. The purpose of the present invention is to propose an exterior wall structure that is rich in heat insulation, waterproofness, ease of construction, and corrosion resistance by constructing a board that can be easily installed and removed, and by constructing a board on top of the board. [Example] Hereinafter, an example of the outer wall structure according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the outer wall structure according to the present invention. 1 is a board made of china clay made of chinastone, feldspar, clay, kaolin, etc., or cement, alkali-resistant water-soluble polymer, and if necessary, asbestos, An inorganic raw material made by mixing silica, glass fiber, carbon fiber, whiskers, etc. is molded by extrusion molding, pressing, etc., and is formed into an arbitrary shape by drying, steam curing, firing, etc. In addition, as for the shape of the board 1 , for example, the shape of the second
As shown in the figure, there are male and female
It is a hollow type with female connecting portions 2 and 3 provided therein. The end of the board 1 has a shape as shown in FIGS. 3a to 3c, and is provided with waterproof auxiliary parts 4 such as notches, grooves, and protrusions, and is coated with caulking material and joint material 5 as necessary. can also be planted. 6 is the joint, 7 is the frame consisting of the main pillars and studs, 8 is the nail,
9 is a mortar base plate, and 13 is a mounting bracket. Furthermore, to explain in detail the mortar base plate 9 , as shown in FIG. A flat type cement mortar layer 12 is formed on top. Moreover, the mortar base plate 9 may be a commercially available product, and the size is 900 mm x
It is 1800mm x (4-12mm). The mortar base plate 9 is easy to drive nails 8, and is waterproof.
It has excellent workability and also functions as a reinforcing material. The substrate 10 is made of one of waterproofed gypsum board, waterproofed calcium carbonate board, calcium silicate board, slate, gypsum slag board, GRC board, and waterproof plywood. In addition, the mounting bracket 13 has an engaging portion 1 that clamps the male connecting portion 2 of the board 1 , as shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b.
4 and a fitting part 15 which holds the female connecting part 3, and supports the board 1 by elasticity and an engagement groove structure. In addition, in figure b, the mounting bracket 13 is
It was formed by dividing it. Here, the dimensional relationship between the male and female connecting portions 2 and 3 of the board 1 and the mounting bracket 13 will be explained. Therefore, the dimensions of each part of the board 1 , the mounting bracket 13, and the dimensions of the connecting part were determined as follows.
If the settings are as shown in Figures 2 and 5,
H 1 > h 1 , H 2 > h 6 , H 3 > h 3 , H 4 < h 5 , h 4 = 1 to 3
mm, h 1 ≒ 5 ~ 10 mm, h 2 ≒ 3 ~ 6 mm, h 7 , h 8 ≒ 2 ~
5mm, L 1 <Δl 2 , L 2 =l 9 +Δl 1 , L 3 >Δl 1 , L 4 <l 11 ,
l 1 > (L 3 + L 4 ), l 2 = 2 to 5 mm, l 3 ≧L 3 + L 4 , l 4 =
5~20mm, l5 > L5 , l6 > L5 , l7 ≒ l6 + L5 , l8 = 5~
20 mm, l 9 > l 10 . Next, the construction method of the external wall structure according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, a mortar base plate 9 is laid and fixed with the surface facing outward on the outside of the frame 7 to form a base. Next, the mounting brackets 13 are fixed horizontally at a predetermined pitch from the base toward the eaves via the nails 8. Therefore, among the boards 1 , the first stage board 1 is connected to the mounting bracket 1 through a starter (not shown).
The male connecting portion 2 is inserted into the engaging portion 14 of No. 3. Next, the female connecting portion 3 of the second stage board 1 is inserted into the fitting portion 15 as shown in FIG.
Therefore, in order to roof the outer wall, it is sufficient to sequentially perform these steps from the first stage to the nth stage. Furthermore, assuming that the n-th board 1 is damaged, all the damaged boards 1 are removed, and then a new board 1 is inserted into the fitting part 15 in the direction of arrow A (in the direction of arrow A).
(shown in the figure) until it abuts against the rising portion 13a of the mounting bracket 13. Next, the back side of the board 1 is brought into contact with the mortar base plate 9 and dropped in the direction of the arrow B to form the connection shown in FIG. 1, thereby completing the repair of the damaged area. What has been described above is only one embodiment of the outer wall structure according to the present invention, and the board 1 can be formed as shown in FIGS. 6a to 6e. Further, a board (not shown) can be stretched vertically, or it can be directly fixed with nails without using any mounting hardware. [Effects of the invention] As mentioned above, according to the exterior wall structure according to the present invention, a mortar base plate with excellent waterproofness, heat insulation, and workability is interposed between the frame and the boards, so these performances of the exterior wall are better than before. It has significantly improved features compared to . Furthermore, the board does not damage the base when it is installed, and it has the advantage of being very easy to install. Furthermore, even if there are gaps in the joints or joints of the boards, the mortar base plate blocks leakage into the structure, wind blowing, and changes in airflow due to atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, when the board is damaged, it can be repaired very easily due to the support provided through elasticity and engagement.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]
第１図は本考案に係る外壁構造の一実施例を示
す縦断面図、第２図は本考案に係る外壁構造を構
成する窯業系外壁材の一例を示す斜視図、第３図
ａ〜ｃは窯業系外壁材の縦目地用木口の一例を示
す説明図、第４図は本考案に係る外壁構造に使用
するモルタル下地板の一例を示す斜視図、第５図
ａ，ｂは本考案に係る取付金具の一例を示す斜視
図、第６図ａ〜ｅは窯業系外壁材のその他の実施
例を示す説明図である。
１……窯業系外壁材、７……躯体、９……モル
タル下地板、１４……取付金具。
Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of the external wall structure according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of ceramic-based external wall material constituting the external wall structure according to the present invention, and Figs. 3 a to c 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a vertical joint end of a ceramic exterior wall material, FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of a mortar base plate used in an exterior wall structure according to the present invention, and FIGS. A perspective view showing an example of such a mounting fitting, and FIGS. 6A to 6E are explanatory views showing other embodiments of the ceramic exterior wall material. 1 ... Ceramic exterior wall material, 7 ... Frame, 9 ... Mortar base plate, 14 ... Mounting hardware.