【考案の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本考案は建築、構築物の外壁、特に窯業系の
外壁材を縦、または横張りする外壁構造に関する
ものである。
〔従来の技術〕
一般に窯業系外壁材（以下、単にボードとい
う）を施工した外壁は主柱、間柱上に防水シート
を敷設し、その上に縦、または横の胴縁を固定
し、その胴縁上に前記ボードを釘着した構造にな
つていた。
〔考案が解決しようとする問題点〕
このようなボードを用いた外壁構造ではボード
と躯体間に防水シートが500ｇ／m2、と薄いアス
フアルトフエルトのみが介在し、かつボードが硬
質のため目地部、装着部に間隙が生じやすく、断
熱性に欠ける欠点があつた。また、ボードは防水
シートを施工時に破損することが多く、防水性に
劣る不利があつた。さらに、防水シートは躯体を
全面的に被覆するためボードの施工位置の位置決
めが容易でなく、作業能率に欠ける欠点があつ
た。その他、ボードは熱伝導率が高く、結露を生
じやすく、かつ防水シートを釘で穿孔しているた
め、この結露水が躯体を腐食する好ましくない現
象も見られた。さらに、もう１つはボードが衝撃
に弱いため、ボードが万一破壊されると薄い防水
シートを介して躯体が直接的に露出し、風雨、防
犯上も大きな弱点となる欠点があつた。
〔問題点を解決するための手段〕
本考案はこのような欠点を除去するため、主
柱、間柱等の躯体の外側にモルタル下地板を敷
設、固定し、その上にボードを施工して断熱性、
防水性、施工性、耐食性に富む外壁構造を提案す
るものである。
〔実施例〕
以下に、図面を用いて本考案に係る外壁構造の
一実施例について詳細に説明する。第１図は本考
案に係る外壁構造を示す縦断面図であり、１はボ
ードで、陶石、長石、粘土、カオリン等からなる
陶土、またはセメント、耐アルカリ水溶性高分子
に必要により石綿、シリカ、ガラス繊維、炭素繊
維、ウイスカー等を混合してなる無機質系の原料
を押出成形、プレス等によつて成形し、乾燥、蒸
気養生、焼成等して任意形状に形成されたもので
ある。また、ボード１の形状としては例えば第２
図に示すように長尺状の長手方向の両側縁に雄、
雌型連結部２，３を設けた中空状のものなどであ
る。なお、ボード１の木口は第３図ａ〜ｃに示す
ような形状であり、切り欠き、凹溝、突条等の防
水補助部４を設け、これに必要に応じてコーキン
グ材、目地材５を植設することもできる。６は目
地部、７は躯体で主柱、間柱からなり、８は釘、
９はモルタル下地板である。さらにモルタル下地
板９について詳しく説明すると、モルタル下地板
９は第４図に示すように無機質、または合板から
なる長方形の基板１０の一表面に合成樹脂、ある
いはラテツクスを塗布した防水層１１の上にフラ
ツトタイプのアメントモルタル層１２を形成した
ものである。しかも、モルタル下地板９は市販品
でよく、大きさは900mm×1800mm×（４〜12mm）の
ものである。上記モルタル下地板９は釘８の打設
が容易で、かつ防水性、施工性に富み、かつ補強
材的な機能も発揮するものである。なお、基板１
０としては防水処理された石膏ボード、防水処理
された炭酸カルシウム板、珪酸カルシウム板、ス
レート、石こうスラグ板、GRC板、防水合板の
１種からなるものである。
次に本考案に係る外壁構造の施工法について説
明すると、第１図に示すように躯体７の外側にモ
ルタル下地板９の表面を外側にして敷設、固定し
て下地を形成する。この際、モルタル下地板９間
は木口端面を密着させ目地部に必要により目地
材、防水シート材、テープ材を植設する。次に、
ボード１を土台（図示せず）から軒に向つて横張
り状で固定する。なお、第ｎ段目のボード１は雄
型連結部２を釘８で躯体７に固定し、次に第ｎ＋
１段目のボード１の雌型連結部３を第ｎ段目のボ
ード１の雄型連結部２に第１図に示すように装着
するものである。従つて、外壁を形成するには上
記したような工程を土台から軒に向つて施工すれ
ばよいものである。
以上、説明したのは本考案に係る外壁構造の一
実施例にすぎず、第５図に示すように金具１３を
用いてモルタル下地板９にボード１を固定した
り、ボード１を第６図ａ〜ｎ、第７図ａ〜ｊに示
すように形成することもできる。なお、第６図ａ
〜ｎは長手方向に沿つて中空孔１ａを設けたボー
ド１である。
〔考案の効果〕
上述したように本考案に係る外壁構造によれ
ば、躯体とボード間に防水性、断熱性、施工性に
すぐれたモルタル下地板を介在させたため、外壁
におけるこれらの性能が従前に比し、大幅に改善
された特徴がある。また、ボードの施工によつて
も下地を破損することがなく、非常に施工しやす
い利点がある。さらに、ボードの目地部、連結部
における間隙があつても躯体への漏れ、風の吹き
込み、気圧による気流の変化もモルタル下地板で
遮断してしまう特徴がある。 [Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to the exterior walls of buildings and structures, particularly to exterior wall structures in which ceramic exterior wall materials are stretched vertically or horizontally. [Prior art] Generally, for exterior walls constructed with ceramic exterior wall materials (hereinafter simply referred to as boards), a waterproof sheet is laid on the main pillars and studs, and a vertical or horizontal rim is fixed on top of the waterproof sheet. It had a structure in which the board was nailed onto the edge. [Problems that the invention aims to solve] In an exterior wall structure using such boards, only a 500 g/m 2 waterproof sheet and a thin asphalt felt are interposed between the boards and the frame, and the boards are hard, so there are no joints. However, the problem was that gaps were likely to form in the mounting part and lacked heat insulation properties. In addition, the board was disadvantageous in that the waterproof sheet was often damaged during construction, and its waterproof properties were poor. Furthermore, since the waterproof sheet covers the entire structure, it is not easy to determine the position where the board will be installed, resulting in a lack of work efficiency. In addition, the board has high thermal conductivity and is prone to condensation, and since the waterproof sheet is punctured with nails, there was an undesirable phenomenon in which the condensed water corroded the structure. Another drawback is that the boards are susceptible to impact, so if the boards were to be destroyed, the structure would be directly exposed through the thin waterproof sheet, making it a major weakness in terms of wind, rain, and crime prevention. [Means for Solving the Problems] In order to eliminate these drawbacks, the present invention provides insulation by laying and fixing mortar base plates on the outside of the main pillars, studs, etc., and then constructing boards on top of them. sex,
This project proposes an exterior wall structure that is highly waterproof, easy to construct, and corrosion resistant. [Example] Hereinafter, an example of the outer wall structure according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the outer wall structure according to the present invention. 1 is a board made of china clay made of chinastone, feldspar, clay, kaolin, etc., or cement, alkali-resistant water-soluble polymer, and if necessary, asbestos, An inorganic raw material made by mixing silica, glass fiber, carbon fiber, whiskers, etc. is molded by extrusion molding, pressing, etc., and is formed into an arbitrary shape by drying, steam curing, firing, etc. In addition, as for the shape of the board 1 , for example, the shape of the second
As shown in the figure, there are male and female
It is a hollow type with female connecting portions 2 and 3 provided therein. Note that the end of the board 1 has a shape as shown in FIGS. 3a to 3c, and is provided with waterproof auxiliary parts 4 such as notches, grooves, and protrusions, and is coated with caulking material and joint material 5 as necessary. can also be planted. 6 is the joint, 7 is the frame consisting of the main pillars and studs, 8 is the nail,
9 is a mortar base plate. Further, to explain in detail the mortar base plate 9 , as shown in FIG. A flat type ament mortar layer 12 is formed. Moreover, the mortar base plate 9 may be a commercially available product, and its size is 900 mm x 1800 mm x (4 to 12 mm). The mortar base plate 9 allows easy driving of nails 8, is highly waterproof and workable, and also functions as a reinforcing material. In addition, substrate 1
0 is made of one of waterproofed gypsum board, waterproofed calcium carbonate board, calcium silicate board, slate, gypsum slag board, GRC board, and waterproof plywood. Next, the construction method of the external wall structure according to the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, a mortar base plate 9 is laid and fixed with the surface facing outward on the outside of the frame 7 to form a base. At this time, the ends of the butt ends of the mortar base plates 9 are brought into close contact with each other, and a joint material, a waterproof sheet material, and a tape material are planted at the joints as necessary. next,
The board 1 is fixed horizontally from the base (not shown) toward the eaves. In addition, for the board 1 of the nth stage, the male connecting part 2 is fixed to the frame 7 with nails 8, and then the board 1 of the n+
The female connecting portion 3 of the first board 1 is attached to the male connecting portion 2 of the nth board 1 as shown in FIG. Therefore, in order to form the outer wall, it is sufficient to carry out the steps described above from the foundation toward the eaves. What has been described above is only one embodiment of the outer wall structure according to the present invention, and the board 1 may be fixed to the mortar base plate 9 using the metal fittings 13 as shown in FIG. It can also be formed as shown in a to n and FIG. 7 a to j. In addition, Figure 6a
-n is a board 1 provided with a hollow hole 1a along the longitudinal direction. [Effects of the invention] As mentioned above, according to the exterior wall structure according to the present invention, a mortar base plate with excellent waterproofness, heat insulation, and workability is interposed between the frame and the boards, so these performances of the exterior wall are better than before. It has significantly improved features compared to . Furthermore, the board does not damage the base when it is installed, and it has the advantage of being very easy to install. Furthermore, even if there are gaps in the joints or joints of the boards, the mortar base plate blocks leakage into the structure, wind blowing, and changes in airflow due to atmospheric pressure.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]
第１図は本考案に係る外壁構造の一実施例を示
す縦断面図、第２図は本考案に係る外壁構造を構
成する窯業系外壁材の一例を示す斜視図、第３図
ａ〜ｃは窯業系外壁材の縦目地用木口の一例を示
す説明図、第４図は本考案に係る外壁構造に使用
するモルタル下地板の一例を示す斜視図、第５図
は本考案に係る外壁構造のその他の実施例を示す
斜視図、第６図ａ〜ｎ、第７図ａ〜ｊは窯業系外
壁材のその他の実施例を示す説明図である。
１……窯業系外壁材、７……躯体、９……モル
タル下地板。
Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of the external wall structure according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of ceramic-based external wall material constituting the external wall structure according to the present invention, and Figs. 3 a to c 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a vertical joint end of a ceramic exterior wall material, FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example of a mortar base plate used in the exterior wall structure of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is an exterior wall structure of the present invention. FIGS. 6 a-n and 7 a-j are explanatory diagrams showing other embodiments of the ceramic exterior wall material. 1 ... Ceramic exterior wall material, 7 ... Frame, 9 ... Mortar base plate.