JPH0449970B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <<Industrial Application Field>> The present invention relates to a tree transplanting method and a transplanting device suitable for use in carrying out the method.

≪Conventional technology≫ For example, when creating a forest into a golf course or residential area, cutting down all trees is undesirable in terms of nature conservation and greening protection, so for example, shrubs and the like are cut down and excluded, and tall trees and the like are cut down. Greening is being carried out by transplanting to adjacent mountains, golf courses, residential areas, gardens and other necessary places.

Traditionally, when transplanting trees during the above-mentioned land reclamation and landscaping projects, the work of digging up the trees, loading and unloading them onto transporters such as trucks, and planting were carried out by some machines, mainly using human labor tactics. However, conventional partial mechanization uses existing machines, such as power shovels for digging, and chain blocks for loading and unloading onto and from transport machines, rather than using dedicated machines for transplantation. Even when these machines are used, the key points of the above work require manual labor, and when transplanting a grown tree, not only does it take care of the tree's own weight, but it also takes care to prevent the tree from dying and to ensure that it takes root. It is a heavy object because it requires a considerable amount of roots and residual soil from the roots to improve the quality.

Therefore, according to the conventional method, it is necessary to spend a large amount of labor and time to dig, transport, and plant trees in the above-mentioned conditions without damaging them, resulting in extremely inefficient This makes it practically impossible to transplant a large number of trees when constructing a golf course, and the cost of doing so would be enormous. Therefore, the current situation is that trees that have been felled and purchased separately are planted in the desired location, and even among those skilled in the art, there is a desire for the development of an appropriate tree transplanting method and device.

In order to solve these problems, a self-propelled vehicle and a retractable bucket-type excavator equipped with a self-propelled vehicle to carry out the process from digging up the tree to planting the tree have already been moved. In these cases, there are problems with the means of excavation.

For example, if the pair of buckets that make up the excavator are moved in an arc to dig into and close the ground, the cutting width at the root of the tree and the excavation width in the ground should be exactly matched. It is difficult to cut down the roots, and due to the consideration of cutting the roots beyond the limit, it is inevitable that the digging will become excessively deep. This has further increased the number of holes left behind after the tree has been dug up, making it troublesome to dispose of the remaining holes.

In addition, if a pair of buckets are opened and dug underground, then both buckets are closed underground, and then both buckets are raised, it is difficult to close the buckets underground. , a complete closure of the bucket cannot be obtained, resulting in the inability to pull out the tree.To avoid this, digging the bucket close to the trunk results in cutting out more roots than necessary.

Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, we used a self-propelled main machine to dig and plant trees, and a fork-shaped excavating and carrying claw installed at the lower left and right of the equipped excavating and transporting machine. The applicant has already proposed a tree transplanting method and an apparatus therefor (see Patent No. 1165031).

<<Problems to be Solved by the Invention>> However, the above-mentioned tree transplanting method and apparatus have the following problems.

In other words, when using this method, the fork-shaped excavating/carrying claws installed at the lower left and right sides of the excavating/carrying machine are moved forward while being held vertically while being lowered, and the claws are used to dig into the base of the tree. Cuts the ground vertically on both the left and right sides of the tree, then rotates both claws inward to bring them into a nearly horizontal closed state, digging out the tree from its root. This is carried by the nails, carried to the planting hole, and dropped into the hole.However, the cutting of the ground by the claws is a force cut by moving the claws forward, so the cutting of the ground is also easy. However, if roots grow out in all directions from the root of the tree, those roots will also have to be cut, which will not only further increase the cutting resistance, but depending on the ground, the root of the tree will be cut. Thick roots may extend downward from the root; in such cases,
Even if you try to turn both claws inward, the roots will get in the way and you will not be able to achieve a closed state, and as a result, the trees that can be dug up will be limited to small ones.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and in the method of claim 1, while cutting the lower ground and roots at the root part of the tree with a rotary cutter, By moving the tree forward, it is possible to easily dig out and carry large trees with thick roots extending downward from the base, and also to ensure that there is no problem in dropping the tree into the planting hole after transportation. Its purpose is
The apparatus of claim 2 aims to provide a suitable transplanting apparatus for use in the above construction method.

≪Means for solving the problem≫ In order to achieve the above object, the present application uses claim 1.
In the transplanting method, a tree is transplanted using an excavator/transport machine that is connected to a self-propelled main machine such as a bulldozer so that it can move up and down, and the excavator/transport machine is operated on the main machine. By doing so, the excavator/transport machine has an excavator/transport machine which is disposed at the bottom of the bottom plate and is movable in the front and rear directions, and has a pair of rotary cutters attached to the tip so as to be rotatable in the left and right directions. By retreating and holding the support plate below the bottom plate, and moving it forward while lowering it in this state, the rotary cutter cuts the base of the tree to approximately the middle of the ground below the base of the tree. At the same time, the tree is excavated from the root by cutting the corresponding width and depth, then advancing only the excavation/carrying plate, and cutting the remaining part of the ground below the root of the tree with a rotary cutter. The root part of the tree is placed on the bottom plate and the excavation/carrying plate and supported by the excavating/carrying machine, and after this is transferred to the planting hole, the rotary cutter is rotated forward to avoid the cutting and carrying plate. This invention provides a tree transplanting method characterized in that the tree is moved backwards and dropped into a planting hole to be planted.

Further, the transplanting device according to claim 2, which is applied to carry out the above-mentioned transplantation method, has a bottomed-shaped device having required dimensions in two axial directions and having an open front end and a substantially U-shaped planar shape. A frame, an excavating/supporting plate disposed at the bottom of the bottom plate of the frame so as to be movable in the front-back direction, and a horizontal position along the tip of the excavating/supporting plate, and avoidance at least forwardly. A pair of left and right rotary cutters that are movably arranged, a drive mechanism such as a hydraulic jack that moves the excavating and supporting plate back and forth and avoids the rotary cutter, and a drive mechanism that rotates the rotary cutter. With a driving mechanism such as a hydraulic motor,
A tree excavation/transport machine is constructed, and the excavation/transport machine is capable of being vertically driven by a link mechanism and an elevating drive mechanism at the end of a self-propelled main machine such as a bulldozer, and is capable of lifting and excavating on the main machine. The present invention provides a tree transplanting device characterized in that the back and forth movement of a supporting plate and the rotation and avoidance operations of a rotary cutter are connected so as to be controllable.

<<Operation>> To carry out the method of claim 1 using the apparatus of claim 2, first, the excavating and transporting machine is raised so as not to interfere with its travel, and the main machine is operated in this state. This will move it closer to the tree to be transplanted.

When the target tree is approached, the excavator/transport machine is lowered and tilted forward, and in this state, the main machine advances the excavator/transport machine so that the tree can be received inside the machine through the opening of its U-shaped frame. At this time, while rotating the left and right rotary cutters, the drive mechanism lowers the machine in the above-mentioned attitude.

In this way, the rotary cutter excavates the ground in front of the tree, and by continuing to move forward, the lower part of the root of the tree is cut to an appropriate depth.

It is convenient to use a power shovel or the like to excavate the ground on either side of the root of the tree in the form of a groove to an appropriate depth, so that when excavating with a rotary cutter, soil will be placed in the groove.

Once the excavation is done to an appropriate depth, the excavator/carrier is returned to a horizontal position and moved forward, and the rotary cutter is used to excavate to approximately the middle of the lower part of the tree base, until approximately half of the base of the tree has been excavated and transported. It is received and carried on the bottom plate of the conveyor.

At this point, the forward movement of the excavator/carrier is stopped, and in this state, while only the excavator/carrier plate is advanced by the drive mechanism, the remaining half of the ground below the base of the tree is excavated horizontally using the rotary cutter. As a result, half of the root portion of the tree will be received and supported on the excavation and support board.

In this way, when the root of the tree is received approximately half on the bottom plate of the frame and on the excavation/carrying plate,
The ground below the root of the tree and the downwardly extending portion of the roots are cut with a rotary cutter.

Next, when the forward movement of the excavating/carrying plate is stopped and the excavating/carrying machine is raised while rotating the rotary cutter, the ground in front of the base of the tree and the part extending toward the front of the roots are removed. Cut with a rotary cutter.

At this time, the roots of the tree extending in the left and right directions are not cut, but when the excavator and conveyor is raised as described above, the roots extending in the left and right directions are cut or pulled out. Therefore, if the machine is raised further, the roots of the tree will be dug out into a substantially bulbous shape, and at the same time, the trees will be supported in an upright position on the bottom plate and excavation/carrying plate of the machine.

After digging and carrying the tree in this way, the main machine runs and moves the tree on the excavator and transport machine to the desired location, and the tree is transported to the desired location in an upright position. be able to.

Therefore, if a planting hole is drilled in advance at the transfer location, after the excavating and transporting machine is advanced over the hole, the left and right rotary cutters are moved approximately forward by the drive mechanism.
When the excavating and supporting plate was moved backward by the drive mechanism after a 90° avoidance movement, approximately half of the root of the tree was supported on the same plate, so half of it fell and was carried on the bottom plate of the aircraft. The remaining half can also be slid off the bottom plate and into the planting hole.

At this time, the aircraft can be tilted forward to make it easier to slide down the tree.

In addition, the tree can be planted in any direction by moving the main machine, so after dropping it into the planting hole in the desired direction, the tree's posture is corrected and the root is filled with soil to complete the transplant. That will happen.

<<Example>> Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

First, prior to explaining the transplant method according to claim 1, the transplant device according to claim 2 that can be used in the method will be clearly explained.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, an excavator/transport machine 2 is connected as an attachment to a self-propelled main machine 1 such as a bulldozer, and the excavator/transport machine 2 is capable of receiving a tree 3. and opening 4 at the front end.
In the bottomed frame 5, which has a substantially U-shaped plan view, a horizontal guide having a U-shaped cross section is provided on the inner side of the frame rods 6, 6, which are horizontally opposed to each other on the left and right sides of the frame 5. The rails 7, 7 are long in the front-rear direction and are formed symmetrically.

In the above-mentioned excavating and transporting machine 2, the excavating and carrying plate 8, which is disposed so as to be movable in the front and rear directions, is attached to the tree 3.
A flat plate portion 10 having approximately the same dimensions in the biaxial direction as the bottom plate 9 of the frame 5, so as to be able to carry the
and on both the left and right sides, the guide rails 7,
7, the rails 11, 11 are long and parallel in the front-rear direction with a substantially square cross section, and both 10, 11, 11 are connected to a plurality of connecting members 1.
2... are fixed together.

This excavating and supporting plate 8 has its rails 11, 11
, the left and right guide rails 7, 7 of the frame 5
By being slidably engaged with the frame 5, it is disposed at the lower part of the bottom plate 9 of the frame 5 so as to be movable in the front-rear direction (horizontal direction in the figure).

Further, the excavating and supporting plate 8 has one end pivotally attached to the left and right side frames 6, 6 of the frame 5.
Drive mechanisms 14, 14, such as hydraulic jacks, are arranged respectively, and are pivotally connected to their output shafts 15, and can freely move back and forth in the front and rear directions by operating these drive mechanisms 14, 14. There is.

A pair of rotary cutters 16, 16 are disposed on both left and right sides of the front end of the excavating and supporting plate 8.

The rotary cutters 16, 16 are mounted on a rotary arm 19 which is rotatably supported in the vertical direction with a support shaft 18 at the lower end of the rotary support frames 17, 17, and has hydraulic pressure at one end. A drive mechanism 20 such as a motor is fixed, and
A chain guide 22 having a sprocket 21 rotatably supported at its tip is horizontally fixed in a cantilever manner, and is connected to the sprocket 21.
A cutting chain 25 having a fixed sprocket 23 and a plurality of cutting blades 24 is wound around the rotating shaft 20 a of the drive mechanism 20 .
It is configured to be rotationally driven along 2.

Further, the rotary cutters 16, 16 can be held in a horizontal state by having their rotational support frames 17, 17 pivotally attached to the left and right front ends of the excavating/carrying plate 8 by vertical shafts 26, 26. It is arranged so that it can rotate approximately 90 degrees forward from the tip of the flat plate part 10.

The rotary cutters 16, 16 have one end pivotally mounted near the tips of the two rails 11, 11.
7, 27, the drive mechanisms 28, 28 using hydraulic jacks or the like are provided, and the rotation support frames 17, 17 are pivotally attached to the output shafts 29, 29 of the drive mechanisms 28, 28. , 28, it is configured to be rotated approximately 90 degrees in the direction of arrow a←→a' shown in FIG.

Furthermore, the rotary cutters 16, 16 are
As shown in FIG. 6, the rotating arms 19, 19 are attached to output shafts 32, 32 of drive mechanisms 31, 31, which are driven by hydraulic jacks, etc., which are pivotally mounted 30, 30 to the rotating support frames 17, 17, respectively. By being pivotally mounted, it is configured to be rotated upward approximately 90 degrees by the drive mechanisms 31, 31.

In the excavating and transporting machine 2, the base end of the frame 5 is pivotally connected to the front end of the main engine 1 by a link mechanism 33, a lifting drive mechanism 34 using a hydraulic jack, etc., and a tilting drive mechanism 35. Accordingly, the drive mechanism 34 is configured to move up and down in a horizontal state, and the drive mechanism 35 is configured to perform a tilting operation.

Then, the lifting/lowering and tilting operations of the excavating/conveying machine 2, the forward/backward movement of the excavating/carrying plate 8, the rotational driving operations of the pair of rotary cutters 16, 16, and the forward movement of the rotary cutters 16, 16. The above-mentioned drive mechanisms 14 and 2 are operated so that the upward rotational movement can be controlled from the cockpit 36 of the main aircraft 1.
0, 28, and 31 are connected to a hydraulic unit (not shown) of the main engine 1.

In addition, in Figures 1 and 2, 37 is the main engine 1.
The arm protrudes from the top of the excavator and transport machine 2,
It is used to support the tree 3.

Next, the transplanting method of the present application will be explained in the order of construction.

In this construction method, an excavating and transporting machine 2 as described above is connected to a self-propelled main machine 1 such as a bulldozer, and on the main machine 1, the machine can be raised, lowered, tilted, the excavating and carrying plate 8 can be moved back and forth, and a pair of Rotary cutter 16,1
This is carried out while controlling the rotational movement of 6.

That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the above-mentioned excavating and transporting machine 2 is moved close to the tree 3 to be transplanted, and when the machine 2 is at a desired short distance from the tree 3, the machine 2 is tilted forward. In this state, the tree base portion 3a is advanced through the opening 4 of the frame 5 so that the tree root portion 3a can be received within the frame 5, and the seventh
After advancing from position A to position B in the figure, the aircraft 2 is leveled and further advanced to position C, and the left and right pair of rotary cutters 16, 16 are used to cut the front part of the tree 3 and the lower part of the tree base 3a. The ground G at is cut to a desired depth to cut off the forward and downward extending portions of the roots 3b, and at the same time the tree 3 is received up to the front part on the bottom plate 9 of the frame 5.

After stopping the forward movement of the machine 2 at this position, the excavating/carrying plate 8 is moved to the position (d) on the main engine 1, while the pair of rotary cutters 16, 16 are being rotated. Let's do it.

As a result, the remaining part of the ground below the tree base 3a and the roots 3b extending downward are cut by the rotary cutters 16, 16, and at the same time, the flat plate part 10 is cut under the other half of the tree base 3a. By being pushed forward, the tree 3 is excavated into a bulbous shape from the root part 3a, and at the same time, approximately half of the excavated tree 3 is carried on the bottom plate 9 of the frame 5 and the flat plate part 10 of the excavation/carrying plate 8. .

Next, when the main aircraft 1 is operated to raise the aircraft 2, the ground at the rear of the tree 3 and the roots 3b extending rearward are cut by the rotary cutters 16, 16, as shown in FIG. As shown in E, the tree 3 can be dug up and carried by the machine 2, thereby maintaining the tree 3 in an upright position.

In this state, the excavating and transporting machine 2 is moved to the desired moving position to transport the excavated tree to the moving location, and excavate the tree into the planting hole 38 that has been drilled in advance as shown in Fig. 8. After moving and stopping the transporting machine 2, the pair of rotary cutters 16, 16 are each rotated forward on the main machine, and then when the excavating and carrying plate 8 is moved backward, the top of the flat plate part 10 is moved. Approximately half of the tree base 3a is supported by the tree, so when this part falls, the other half supported on the bottom plate 9 of the machine 2 slides down from the bottom plate 9 and falls into the planting hole 38. After correcting the posture of the tree 3, the root portion 3b is filled with soil to complete the planting.

The above is a case where the tree 3 is dug up, carried, transported to a desired location, and then transplanted.However, according to the construction method of the present invention, when the tree 3 is transplanted at the same location with its orientation changed to another direction. Of course, it also applies to

<<Effects of the Invention>> As explained above, according to the tree transplantation method of the present application, a pair of rotary cutters disposed on both left and right sides of the tip of the excavation/carrying plate are driven in a horizontal state to perform excavation/transportation. Move the machine forward in a forward-leaning position and use the rotary cutter to cut the ground and roots from the front of the base of the tree to the lower part. After cutting the ground below the base of the tree to approximately the middle part, the machine moves forward. Then, only the excavation/carrying plate moves forward to cut the remaining ground below the base of the tree, and at the same time, the tree is removed onto the bottom plate of the excavation/carrying machine and the flat plate of the excavation/carrying plate. Approximately half of each tree was supported on the top of the tree, and in this state, the tree was transported to a pre-drilled planting hole, and the tree was dropped into the planting hole to be planted.
Not only can the entire series of transplanting operations be performed mechanically, but rotary cutters can also be used to cut the cutting board and roots at the bottom of the tree, which is particularly difficult in mechanized tree digging operations. This makes it easy to dig up and transplant trees with thick roots that extend downward from the base, and it also makes it easier to dig up and transplant trees with thick roots that extend downward from the base. Compared to mechanically extracting roots that extend downward, there is less resistance when cutting the roots and the ground, so the load during work is reduced, and there is no need to put strain on each part. This is done at the same time as the ground and roots are cut with a rotary cutter, so the roots are not subjected to excessive pressure.
It can be easily dug up and carried on an excavator/transport machine without damaging the roots.

Furthermore, the tree can be dropped into the planting hole by opening the rotary cutter forward and moving the excavating/carrying plate backward, making the planting work easy. I can do it.

In addition, the device of the present invention has various functions that can be applied to the above-mentioned construction method, and in particular, the excavating and transporting machine has the following features:
A cutting/carrying plate is disposed at the bottom of the bottom plate so that it can move forward and backward, and rotary cutters are installed on both left and right ends of the bottom plate so that they can be opened forward. It does not require strain when cutting, excavating, digging, and supporting the lower and rear ground and roots, and it also has the effect of being durable so that each part does not wear out in the early morning.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall side view showing a transplanting device according to claim 2 used in the tree transplanting method according to claim 1;
Figure 2 is a side view of the transplanting device with the excavating and supporting plate moved forward, Figures 3 to 5 show the main parts of the device, and Figure 3 is the excavating and supporting plate. Fig. 4 is a plan view with the plate retracted; Fig. 4 is a plan view with the excavating and supporting plate moved forward;
The figure is a plan view of the excavating and supporting plate moved forward and the pair of rotary cutters opened forward, and Figure 6 is a plan view of the device with the rotary cutters opened forward and rotated upwards. A side view showing a mechanism for doing so, and FIGS. 7 and 8 are explanatory diagrams of the tree transplanting process using the same method and the same apparatus. 1... Leading machine, 2... Excavation/transfer machine, 3... Tree, 5... Frame, 8... Excavation/carrying plate, 9...
...Bottom plate, 16,16...Rotary cutter, 1
4, 20, 28, 34, 35... Drive mechanism, 33
...link mechanism, 38...plant hole.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In a method of transplanting trees using an excavator/transfer machine connected to a self-propelled main machine such as a bulldozer so as to be able to move up and down, the excavator/transport machine is operated on the main machine. Accordingly, it is disposed at the lower part of the bottom plate of the excavating and transporting machine and is movable in the front and rear direction,
The excavating/carrying plate, which has a pair of rotary cutters attached to its tip so as to be rotatable in the left and right directions, is retreated to the lower part of the bottom plate and held there, and is moved forward while being lowered in that state. Using the rotary cutter mentioned above, cut the base of the tree to approximately the middle of the ground below it to a width and depth corresponding to the base of the tree.After that, only the excavation/carrying plate is advanced, and the rotary cutter is used to cut the base of the tree. By cutting the remaining part of the lower ground of the tree, the tree is excavated from the root, and at the same time, the root of the tree is placed on the bottom plate and excavation/carrying plate, supported by an excavation/carrying machine, and then planted. After transporting it to the hole, rotate the rotary cutter forward to avoid
This method of transplanting a tree is characterized in that the excavation/carrying plate is then moved backward, and the tree is dropped into the planting hole and planted. 2. A bottomed frame having the required biaxial dimensions and having an open front end and a substantially U-shaped planar shape, and a frame located at the lower part of the bottom plate of the frame and movable in the front-rear direction. a pair of left and right rotary cutters arranged horizontally along the tip of the excavator/carrying plate and capable of at least forward avoidance movement; A tree excavating and transporting machine is composed of drive mechanisms such as a hydraulic jack that moves the support plate back and forth and avoids the rotary cutter, and a drive mechanism such as a hydraulic motor that rotationally drives the rotary cutter. The excavating/carrying machine is made to be able to be driven up and down by a link mechanism and an elevating drive mechanism at the end of a self-propelled main machine such as a bulldozer, and is capable of lifting and lowering and moving the excavating/carrying plate back and forth on the main machine, as well as rotary movement. A tree transplanting device characterized in that cutters are connected so that rotation and avoidance operations can be controlled.