JPH0455655B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to food materials containing centose, which is a natural sugar, and in particular provides a novel food material that has low cariogenicity, anti-caries properties, and the effect of promoting the growth of bifidobacteria. . (Prior Art) In recent years, it has been revealed that sucrose, a typical sweetener, causes dental caries, and since then, efforts have been made to develop sweeteners that are less likely to cause dental caries in place of sucrose. Examples include sugar alcohols, palatinose, coupling sugar, fructooligosaccharides, lactulose (Hosoya and Fukuba, eds., "Rearranged Sugars and Nutrition", pp. 137-163, published by Dai-ichi Publishing Co., Ltd., 1984), or isomaltosyl. Mono-, di- or tri-glucose (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 76063/1983, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 181354/1983), etc. have been proposed or invented so far. In addition to these, isomaltose, isomaltosylfructoside, maltosylfructoside, maltotriosylfructoside, nigerosylglycose, nigerosylsucrose,
It has been pointed out that xylosylfructoside can also be used as a caries-preventing sweetener (Takeuchi et al.
Kano, Journal of the Japanese Society of Basic Dental Medicine, Vol. 26, No. 3, No. 698~
713 pages, 1984). In addition to this caries-preventing effect, other desired properties of a new sweetener include the fact that it does not serve as an energy source, is indigestible, and helps promote the growth of Bifidobacterium in the intestines, so we focused on these points. The development of sweetener products is also active. For example, the fructooligosaccharide is known as a sugar that is low in energy and has the effect of promoting the growth of Bifidobacterium. Also,
So-called branched oligosaccharides, which have α-1,6 linkages in glucose molecules, are known as sugars that selectively proliferate Bifidobacterium (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1989-1999-1).
227777). (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention provides a novel low-calorie food material that has an effect of preventing dental caries and an effect of promoting the growth of Bifidobacterium. (Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention relates to a low caries food material that does not contain neorehalose and contains 5% by weight or more of centose. Centose is a trisaccharide formed by three glucose molecules linked together in 1, 2 and 1, 4 bonds, and is known to exist naturally in honey. It is a saccharide that is easily soluble in water and has a slightly sweet taste, but since no means of mass production have been developed so far, there have been no examples of its use in food, drink, or other products. The present inventors have recently found that centose and neotrehalose can be obtained at an extremely high production rate by treating starch or its hydrolyzate with cyclodextrin synthase, and by separating this using a column etc., highly pure centose can be obtained. Alternatively, it has been discovered that neotrehalose can be obtained economically in large quantities. (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-216492) In addition, the present inventors have discovered that centose is selectively assimilated by Bifidobacterium in the intestine and promotes its growth, and that centose can be used to prevent dental caries such as Streptococcus miutans. production of insoluble glucan by the causative bacteria;
It was discovered that it has useful properties such as not producing acids, being able to suppress the production of insoluble glucans caused by sucrose, being difficult to digest and absorb in the human body, and being low in calories. Therefore,
Centose, which has such characteristics, is a useful carbohydrate that can be used in a wide range of applications, including not only food and drink, but also feed, medicine, cosmetics, and the like. The centose used in the present invention is not limited to that obtained by the method developed by the present inventors, and may be obtained by any method including conventionally known methods. do not have. In the present invention, centose can be used as it is in the above-mentioned applications, but since the sweetness of centose is lower than that of sucrose, centose can be used in applications that require sweetness, such as with other saccharides or reduced products thereof. It is also preferable to use it in combination with one or more other sweeteners. These saccharides, reduced products thereof, or other sweeteners are used not only for the purpose of enhancing sweetness, but also for improving, adjusting, etc. the physical properties, quality, etc., depending on the use of the food material of the present invention.
It is also used for purposes such as stabilization. Examples of sugars include sucrose, glucose, maltose, fructose, lactose, isomaltose, isomaltotriose, panose, isomaltotetraose,
(including nigerose, cordibiose, cellobiose, gentibiose, and trehalose), raffinose, stachyose, fructooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide, coupling sugar, and palatinose. Examples of reduced sugars include sorbitol, maltitol, isomaltitol, isomaltotriitol, panitol,
Examples of other sweeteners such as isomaltotetriitol include honey, starch syrup, stevia, glycyrrhizin, saccharin, aspartame, and the like. In the present invention, one or more of these saccharides, reduced products of saccharides, sweeteners, etc. can be selected and used in addition to centose. In order for the food material of the present invention to exhibit the effects of centose, such as promoting the growth of bifidobacteria and preventing dental caries, it is necessary to contain centose in an amount of at least 5% by weight or more, preferably 10% by weight or more. This is the same even when the ingredients other than centose in the food material are sugars that easily cause caries, such as sucrose. In addition, in food materials containing centose in sugars that are inherently anti-cariogenic and have bifidobacterial activity, such as panose, isomaltotriose, and isomaltotetraose, centose is not necessarily 5% by weight or more. Although it is not necessary, even in this case, centose should be added at 5% by weight or more,
When the amount is preferably 10% by weight, it is observed that the effect increases synergistically. In addition to the above, the food material of the present invention may contain dextrin, cyclodextrin (including branched cyclodextrin), starches (including modified starches), lactose, pullulan, etc., if necessary, for increasing the amount or for shaping or other purposes. You can also add colorants, spices, etc. In addition, in order to speed up the growth of Bifidobacterium, dry bacterial cells of Bifidobacterium and vitamins such as pantethine, pantothenic acid, and riboflavin, which are said to be necessary for the growth of Bifidobacterium, may be added. good. The food material of the present invention can be made into liquid, starch syrup, granule, powder, or other forms by appropriately combining known processing methods such as mixing, dissolving, concentrating, and drying, depending on the use and purpose. Obtainable. (Example) Regarding the selective bifidobacteria growth promoting effect and insoluble glucan production suppressing effect of centose,
This will be explained in detail based on the following examples. Example 1 Effect of promoting the growth of Bifidobacterium Fresh bacteria listed in Table 1 cultured on an agar plate were added to peptone yeast fills medium (PYE medium) supplemented with 0.5% test saccharide at 10 ⁸ CFU of each strain ( Colony Formation Unit) and cultured under anaerobic conditions (steel wool method) at 37°C for 48 hours. After mixing this culture solution well, absorbance (turbidity) at 650 nm
was measured. Assimilation was determined by determining the growth rate (RG), that is, the percentage of the test sugar-added medium with respect to the absorbance of the glucose-added medium used as a control, and expressed the value as follows. ++: RG≧75 +:75>RG≧50 ±:50>RG≧25 −:25>RG In other words, the larger the growth rate (RG) value, the greater the assimilation of the test sugar. The growth rate (RG) is expressed by the following formula. OD (sample sugar) - OD (PYF medium) / OD (glucose) - OD
(PYF medium) x 100 The results are shown in Table 1.

[Table] Main component is triose.
As is clear from Table 1, microorganisms other than those of the genus Bifidobacterium do not utilize centose at all, and therefore centose was found to be a sugar that is selectively assimilated only by so-called Bifidobacteria. . Raffinose has long been known to have high selectivity for Bifidobacterium compared to glucose and maltose, but as shown in Table 1, it is used against Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens, which is known to be a harmful bacterium. ,
It is clear that the selectivity for Bifidobacterium is lower than for Centose. The three branched types, such as panose and isomaltotriose, show selectivity almost equivalent to centose. Experimental example 2 Insoluble glucan, acid production inhibitory effect 1.5 ml of 0.1M phosphate buffer, 1 ml of 4 w/v% sucrose aqueous solution, 1 ml of 4 w/v % test sugar aqueous solution, and glucosyltransferase prepared from Streptococcus miutans Mix 0.5ml (0.02 unit) of (insoluble glucan-forming enzyme) solution, react at 37°C for 16 hours, centrifuge, and remove the resulting precipitate.
4 ml of 0.5N NaOH was added and kept at 37°C for 1 hour to dissolve water-insoluble glucan, and the amount of glucan was measured by the phenol sulfuric acid method. In addition, in the case of only sucrose or test sugar, the other was only water. Furthermore, 1.5 ml of Stephan's buffer solution and 0.3 ml of a sugar solution containing 20 mg of the test sugar were added to 0.2 ml of the Streptococcus miutans live cells cultured in BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) medium for 25 hours. The pH was measured after being held at 37°C for 30 minutes. In addition, Stephan's buffer solution (PH7.0) is manufactured by the Journal of Dental Research (Journal of Dental Research).
Dental Research) Vol. 26, pp. 15-41 (1947). The amount of insoluble glucan produced is shown in Table 2, and the measured pH value is shown in Table 3. Table 2 Sample sugars Amount of glucan (μg/ml) Sucrose 300 Centose ND Sucrose + Centose 27 Glucose + Centose 33 Maltose + Centose 28 Fructose + Centose 25 Sorbitol + Centose ND Isomaltitol + Centose ND Isomaltose + Centose ND Panose +Centose ND ND: Not detected Table 3 Test sugar PH Saccharide 4.1 Centose 7.0 As is clear from the above, centose is responsible for the production of insoluble glucan and acid production by Streptococcus miutans, which causes dental caries. unacceptable. Furthermore, since they suppress the production of insoluble glucan when coexisting with other sugars such as sucrose, they are useful as anti-cariogenic and low cariogenic sweeteners. Example 1 Disaccharides having α-1,6 bonds of glucose molecules, such as isomaltose and isomaltotriose, 3
Branched oligosaccharide syrup whose main component is sugar (moisture
25%) and 50 g of centose were mixed and dissolved to obtain a syrup-like sweetener. This product was suitable as a low cariogenic sweetener, and at the same time had a remarkable effect on the growth of Bifidobacterium. Example 2 500g sucrose, 500g glucose, 100g centose
were mixed to obtain a pellet-shaped low-cariogenic sweetener.
This product was suitable as a table sugar. Example 3 Isomerized liquid sugar (25% water) 2Kg, centose 100
A syrup-like sweetener was obtained by mixing g. This product was suitable as a low-cariogenic food material for various types of cooking, confectionery, bread making, etc. Example 4 90 parts by weight of the sweetener obtained in Example 3 was mixed with 30 parts by weight of dried Bifidobacterium cells to obtain a sweetener containing Bifidobacterium. This product can be used as a raw material for various beverages containing Bifidobacterium, candy, etc. (Effects of the Invention) The centose contained in the food material of the present invention is itself non-cariogenic, and even when combined with other sugars, such as sucrose, which tends to cause tooth decay, it has the effect of suppressing the cariogenic effect. , is useful as an anti-cariogenic and low cariogenic saccharide. In particular, it has great advantages in that it can be used as a low-cariogenic and anti-cariogenic sweetener in place of sucrose in various applications where sucrose has traditionally been used. It goes without saying that the same is true when used in combination with cariogenic sugars other than sucrose, and moreover, when combined with cariogenic sugars such as isomaltotriose and panose, which are themselves non-cariogenic sugars, the effect is It will be synergistically significant. Furthermore, centose is selectively assimilated by Bifidobacterium and is not utilized by so-called harmful bacteria. This property is similarly exhibited even when centose is combined with other sugars or their reduced products. Therefore, the food material of the present invention containing centose is useful as a food material having the effect of promoting the growth of Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, centose has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on cholesterol accumulation, and has the effect of suppressing the accumulation of low-density cholesterol, so-called bad cholesterol, in the serum and liver. In addition, since centose is a carbohydrate that is less easily metabolized than sucrose, it can also be used as a so-called low-calorie food material.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A low caries food material that does not contain neotrehalose and contains 5% by weight or more of centose. 2 Saccharides or their reduced products along with centose,
The food material according to claim 1, which contains one or more selected from the group consisting of sweeteners and other sweeteners. 3. The food material according to claim 1 or 2, which contains centose and bifidobacteria.