JPH0466930A - image recording device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To achieve the formation of an output picture on which satisfactory gradation is provided by detecting the color tendency characteristic of an original, and adjusting a color balance for subexposure based on the color tendency characteristic. CONSTITUTION:A latent image is formed by a main-exposure means M1, and the color balance of the main exposure is controlled based on the coloring characteristic of a photosensitive sheet. An original picture is read at every tone by adjusting the tones of the reflected light from the M1 by the use of a tone control means M3. The color tendency characteristic of the original picture is obtained by a color tendency characteristic computing means M5 to adjust the color balance of the main exposure. Prior to the main exposure, the photosensitive sheet is subjected to the subexposure in advance by controlling the driving of a subexposure means M7 based on the color tendency characteristic to adjust the color balance of the subexposure. Thus, even when the original has a difference in color tendency characteristic, desired, satisfactory picture quality can be always obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to an image recording apparatus that forms an image on a non-photosensitive recording medium.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, in this type of image recording apparatus (for example, a color copying machine), when copying a document, 1. t. Light is irradiated onto the original and reflected, and the reflected light is used to form an image. In other words, first, the reflected light from the original creates a latent image corresponding to the original image on a photosensitive recording medium (for example, photosensitive paper). Then, the photosensitive surface on which the latent image is formed faces the developer material-coated side of the developer paper, and with these two sides facing each other, pressure is applied to transfer the image to the developer paper, and then heating is performed. [Problem to be solved by the invention] However, the color balance of the entire manuscript is biased, for example, the seascape is biased toward blue. Furthermore, if the density of each color is uneven, it may not be possible to obtain a good-looking output image.

In other words, the optimal exposure conditions differ depending on the exposure color and the density of each color, and good gradation depends on the color tendency characteristics of the original, that is, the color tendency characteristics that indicate the color bias of the original. The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problem, and is an image recording device that can obtain image quality with good gradation. The purpose is to provide

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve this object, the image recording device of the present invention has the following features:
As illustrated in FIG. 1, a main exposure means M] for forming a latent image corresponding to an image on the photosensitive surface of photosensitive paper, and a main exposure means M for forming a latent image corresponding to an image on the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive paper, and a main exposure control means M2 that controls the amount of light and the color balance of the main exposure, and pressurizes the photosensitive surface on which the latent image is formed and the surface coated with the color developer material of the color developer paper so as to face each other, thereby producing an image on the color developer paper. In an image recording apparatus that forms an image by transferring and further heating to promote color development, a color tone control means M3 adjusts the color tone of the reflected light of the light irradiated from the main exposure means M to the original image. and color tone control means M
image reading means M4 for reading the original image for each color tone based on the reflected light adjusted by 3;
A color tendency characteristic calculation means M5 calculates the color tendency characteristic of the original image based on the image data read by the color tendency characteristic calculation means M5, and main exposure control is performed based on the color tendency characteristic of the original image calculated by the color tendency characteristic calculation means M5. a color tendency characteristic control means M6 that drives and controls the means M2 to adjust the color balance of the main exposure; a sub-exposure means M7 that sub-exposes the photosensitive paper in advance before the main exposure means M1 performs the main exposure of the photosensitive paper; A sub-exposure control means M8 for driving and controlling the sub-exposure means M7 to adjust the color balance of the sub-exposure based on the color tendency characteristics of the original image determined by the color tendency characteristic calculation means M5. The gist is an image recording device.

[Function] In the image recording apparatus of the present invention having the above configuration, the main exposure means M forms a latent image corresponding to the image on the photosensitive surface of the photosensitive paper, and the main exposure control means M2 controls the coloring of the photosensitive paper. The main exposure light amount and main exposure color balance of the main exposure means M are controlled based on the characteristics. Then, the photosensitive surface on which the latent image is formed and the surface coated with the color developer material of the color developer paper face each other and the image is transferred to the color developer paper by applying pressure, and then the image is transferred by heating to promote color development. Form.

Further, the color tone control means M3 adjusts the color tone of the reflected light of the light irradiated onto the original image from the main exposure means M1, and based on the reflected light adjusted by the color tone control means M3,
The image reading means M4 reads the original image for each tone.

Further, based on the image data read by the image reading means M4, the color tendency characteristic calculation means M5 calculates the color tendency characteristics of the original image, and calculates the color tendency characteristics of the original image calculated by the color tendency characteristic calculation means M5. Based on this, the color tendency characteristic control means M6 drives and controls the main exposure control means M2 to adjust the color balance of the main exposure.

Then, before the main exposure of the photosensitive paper by the main exposure means M],
Based on the color tendency characteristics of the original image determined by the color tendency characteristic calculation means M5, the sub exposure control means M8 drives and controls the sub exposure means M7, adjusts the color balance of the sub exposure, and sets the photosensitive paper in advance. Expose to light.

In other words, as shown in FIG. 2(a), the present invention focuses on the relationship between the total amount of light for each color and the gradation of the output image, and first detects the color tendency characteristics of the original. However, by adjusting the color balance of sub-exposure based on this color tendency characteristic, an output image with good gradation is formed.

For example, if the original has a high density of red, the amount of red reflected light will be small, and the flat portion at the top of the graph in FIG. 2(a) will be used. In other words, when the amount of reflected light decreases, even if the amount of reflected light changes, the density of the output image does not change correspondingly, and the gradation of the output image becomes low (uniformly red in this case), causing the entire image to become red. becomes a flat plate and loses its precision. Therefore, in order to correct this, by adjusting the color balance of the sub-exposure and increasing the amount of red sub-exposure light, we can change the graph used as shown in Figure 2(b) and adjust the amount of reflected light. This is to control so that the gradation of the output image appears proportionally and suitably.

[Embodiments] Hereinafter, embodiments embodying the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

In the photosensitive and pressure sensitive copying machine 1 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG.
A photosensitive paper consisting of a color developer paper 3 and a color developer paper 3 is used.

Note that microcapsules are coated on the surface of the support of the microcapsule paper 2 used in this example.
The microcapsules contain a dye precursor that reacts with a color developer, which will be described later. A color developer is coated on the surface of the support of the color developer paper 3 and develops color by reacting with a dye precursor.
It is stated in the specification etc. of the issue, and will be omitted here.

First, a transparent original platen glass 4 and an opaque original platen cover 5 are arranged at the top of the copying machine 1. A desired original 6 is placed face down on the original platen glass 4, and the original platen cover 5 is closed. It will be done.

A light source section 7 equipped with a halogen lamp 7a, a reflector 7b, a reflective mirror 70, etc. is provided below the document table glass 4 in the upper part of the copying machine 1.
It is disposed so as to be movable back and forth in the directions of arrows C and D along a shaft 8 extending parallel to the document table glass 4 . and,
The light source unit 7 irradiates light in a line perpendicular to the moving direction toward the original platen glass 4. The emitted light passes through the original platen glass 4 and is reflected downward by the original 6. .

A mirror portion 9 including one reflective mirror 9a, 9b on the shaft 8 is movably attached separately from the light source 7, and the light reflected from the original 6 is reflected by the reflective mirrors 7c, 9a,
The light is reflected in the order of 9b and guided in parallel to the moving direction of the light source section 7.

A projection lens 1] is fixed below the document table glass 4. A main exposure filter 12 for adjusting the color tone of the copied image is disposed adjacent to the projection lens 1. Then, the light reflected by the reflection mirror 9b (after being incident on the projection lens 11, the projection lens) is reflected by the projection mirror group 13a, 13b.

The main exposure filter 121 is yellow (Y).

It is composed of three main exposure filters 12a, 12b, and 12c (Fig. 5) of magenta (M) and cyan (C). Then, each main exposure filter 12 is connected to a pulse motor ]0 (fifth
red (R), green (G), and blue (B).
Correction is performed for each color.

In other words, if Y and M main exposure filters 12 are used, G
and B are cut and R is colored, and when Y and C main exposure filters 12 are used, R and B are cut and G is colored, and when C and M main exposure filters 12 are used, R and G are colored. will be cut and B will develop color.

Further, on the right side of the reflecting mirror 13b, an exposure table 14 for main exposure of the microcapsule paper 2 is arranged.

A reflecting mirror 15 that rotates to switch the optical path is attached between the reflecting mirror 13b and the exposure table 14. Below this reflecting mirror 5, a line CCD 16 for reading the image is arranged. There is. And exposure table] 4
The reflected light is guided to the microcapsule paper 2 disposed along the original document 6, and an original image is formed on the document 6.

In addition, the optical path length is adjusted according to the change of the projection magnification m set when enlarging or reducing the size of the latent image to be formed on the reflecting mirrors 13a and 13b (usually fixed on the microcapsule paper 2). In order to change the position, the structure is such that they can be moved together in the axial direction of the shaft 8.

On the other hand, a removable cartridge 2o is disposed in the center of the copying machine 1. A long microcapsule paper 2 is housed in a state wound around the cartridge shaft 21.

Further, below the exposure table 14, a feed roller 22, a conveyance roller 23, and a dancer roller 24 for tension adjustment are arranged. A pressure developing device 25 including a pressure roller 25b and a backup roller 25c is provided.

Furthermore, 1 above the feed roller 22 prior to the main exposure,
A sub-exposure device 60 is attached in advance to sub-expose the microcapsule paper 2 with a small amount of light.

As shown in FIG. 4, this sub-exposure device 60 includes an optical fiber 62 whose surface is scratched so that light leaks slightly;
Main exposure filter] Y, M, C similar to 2
The sub-exposure filter 63 includes filters 63a, 63b, and 63C, and a sub-exposure light source 64 that supplies light to the optical fiber 62. Furthermore, the sub-exposure device 60
is provided with a sub-exposure pulse motor 65 (FIG. 5) that drives each filter 63.

Further, on the right side of the pressure developing device 25, a separation roller 26 for separating the microcapsule paper 2 and the color developer paper 3 that are in close contact is disposed. , a winding shaft 27 for fitting and holding the microcapsule paper 2 is provided. The microcapsule paper 2 that comes out of the upper part of the cartridge 20 is guided by a feed roller 22 and passes above the exposure table 14, and then passes through a dancer roller 24 and a pressure developing device 25.
After being further guided to a separation roller 26, it is wound up on a winding shaft 27.

A paper feed cassette 29 containing developer paper 3 is installed below the pressure developing device 25 . This paper cassette 29
A suction cup-type paper feeding mechanism 3o that sucks paper using negative pressure suction is arranged above, and the developing paper 3 is fed to the paper feeding mechanism 3o.
The sheets are taken out one by one.

Feed rollers 31a, 31.b, 31c and a feed guide 31d are disposed between the paper feeding mechanism 30 and the pressure developing device 25.
The color developing paper 3 is conveyed by the conveyance guide 31d, a, 31b, and 31c, and is carried into the pressure developing device 25.

Further, a heat fixing device 32 is disposed on the right side of the pressure developing device 25, and a heat roller 32a, a paper ejection roller 32b, and a conveyance belt 32c are disposed in this heat fixing device 32. A paper discharge tray 33 is provided on the right side of the fixing device 32 to store the developer paper 3 on which a single image has been formed. Deodorizing filter 3 to remove gas odor
5, and a deodorizing filter 35 (a deodorizing fan 36 for guiding the gas) are provided.

Furthermore, the copying machine 1 has an autoloading function for automatically setting the microcapsule paper 2 on a predetermined transport path within the apparatus. In this process, a leader film (not shown) attached to the tip of the microcapsule paper 2 is automatically pulled out into the device and conveyed.
This is a function of winding it around the winding shaft 27. This results in
The microcapsule paper 2 following the leader film section is also wound up on the winding shaft 27, and the setting in the apparatus is completed.

For this automatic loading, a feed roller 22 and a cartridge 20 are used for pulling out the leader film section.
A half-moon roller 40 is disposed between the winding shaft 2 and the winding shaft 2.
A separation chute 41 is rotatably attached for guidance to 7.

Further, an upper winding guide 42 and a lower winding guide 43 are disposed around the winding shaft 27 for winding the leader film portion.

In order to control the copying machine 1 having the above-mentioned configuration, the first and fifth
An electronic control unit (ECU) 50 shown in the figure is provided.

As shown in the figure, this ECU 3O includes a CPU 50a that performs processing such as well-known calculations and judgments, various control variables,
For example, a ROM 50b that stores the main exposure light L from the halogen lamp 7a, the amount of movement of the main exposure and sub-exposure filters 12.63 inserted to correct color tendency characteristics, etc.;
It includes a RAM (image memory) 50c that stores image information read from the line CCD 16, an input/output port 50d that inputs and outputs data, a pass line 50e that connects them, and the like.

Furthermore, this ECU 3O includes an image reading circuit 52° reflecting mirror which inputs image information from the line CCD 16.
an optical path switching control circuit 53 for switching the direction of the optical path 53; A halogen lamp drive control circuit 54 that controls the main exposure light amount by controlling the voltage of the halogen lamp 7a. Main exposure filter drive control circuit 5 that drives the pulse motor 10 that moves each of the main exposure filters 12a, 12b, and 12c.
A sub-exposure filter drive control circuit 57 that drives a pulse motor 65 that moves each filter 63a, 63b, 63c for 5° sub-exposure. A sub-exposure light source drive control circuit 56 and the like that control the amount of sub-exposure light by controlling the voltage of the sub-exposure light source 64 are connected.

Next, the operation of the present copying machine 1 having the above configuration will be explained.

First, when the cartridge 20 is set in the copying machine 1,
Autoloading will start.

Then, only when autoloading starts, the half-moon roller 4
0 rotates once to several times in the conveyance direction, and moves the leader film attached to the tip of the microcapsule paper 2.
It is sent out to the conveyance roller 23. After that, it stops, and subsequent conveyance is performed by driving the conveyance roller 23. Further, the upper winding guide 42, the lower winding guide 43, and the separation chute 4] are rotated to the positions shown by two-dot chain lines, and the leader film portion is wound around the winding shaft 27.

When autoloading is completed in this way, the upper winding guide 429, the lower winding guide 43 and the separation chute 4
1LL You can now copy back to the position shown by the solid line.

Next, when the copy start key 57 (FIG. 3) is operated, the image of the document 6 is scanned three times in total for each color of RGB to determine the color tendency characteristics.
Do it twice.

In other words, in order to examine the density characteristics of each color, the main exposure filter 1 is inserted into the optical path so that each RGB color develops.
2 is controlled. With each color developing, the light source unit 7, which had stopped at the Pl position, stops irradiating light onto the original 6 and stops at the Pl position.
, and moves to position P3. During this time, the optical path (front reflection mirror 15) is switched to the line CCD 16, so the original 6 is sequentially read under, for example, red (R) light, and the image is stored in the RAM 50 of the ECU 3O.
It is stored in c. Such an operation is performed for each color of R, G, and B.2 The image data is stored in the RAM 50.
It is stored in c.

Then, after the three scans are completed, the light source 7 turns to P.
When the position No. 3 is reached, control of sub-exposure and main exposure is performed in order to actually expose the microcapsule paper 2.

That is, first, in order to adjust the color balance of the image, each main exposure filter 12 is moved to a predetermined position according to the color tendency characteristics.Furthermore, each sub-exposure filter 63 is also moved to a predetermined position for sub-exposure. Ru.

After that, the direction of movement of the light source section 7 is changed from iP3 to Pl.
Along with this movement, the microcapsule paper 2 is sequentially subjected to sub-exposure and main exposure. That is, while feeding the microcapsule paper 2 to the exposure table 14, light is irradiated from the sub-exposure device 60 to slightly sub-expose the microcapsule paper 2. Next, the microcapsule paper 2 fed onto the exposure table 14 is supplied with reflected light from the original 6 to perform main exposure, forming a latent image of the tag original image.

Here, if the transport speed of the microcapsule paper 2 is V and the projection magnification is m, the reflecting mirror 7c and the halogen lamp 7a move at a moving speed (1/m) V, and the reflecting mirror 9
a and 9b move at a moving speed (1/2 m)V.

In other words, the transport speed of the microcapsule paper 2 (as described above, it is synchronized with the moving speed of the mirror groups 7c, 9a, 9b, so the exposure table) 4, the microcapsule paper 2 has an original 6 A latent image of a predetermined line is sequentially formed.The predetermined speed ratio (predetermined in advance based on the setting of the front magnification) is sequentially formed.

On the other hand, the topmost color developing paper 3 of the paper feed cassette 29 is transferred to the paper feed mechanism 30. Feed D-731a, 31 b, 31C
Transported by etc. Then, the transported microcapsule paper 2 and color developer paper 3 are supplied to the pressure developing device 25 in a state where they are in close contact with each other.

In this pressure developing device 25, the surface of the microcapsules on which the latent image has been formed on the microcapsule paper 2 and the color developer coated surface of the color developer paper 3 are brought into contact with each other on the inside and are integrated. Pressure is applied by being sandwiched between the roller 25a and the small diameter pressure roller 25b. This pressure destroys the unexposed microcapsule paper 2 and forms an image on the color developer paper 3.

Next, the microcapsule paper 2 released from the pressure developing device 25
and the color developing paper 3 are separated by a separation roller 26. Then, the color developing paper 3 that has been separated is promoted to develop color by the heat fixing device 32, and an image is formed thereon.Then, the paper ejection roller 32b
The paper is transferred to the paper discharge tray 33. On the other hand, the separated microcapsule paper 2 is passed through a separation roller 26 and wound onto a winding shaft 27.

Next, the control of the color balance of main exposure and sub-exposure performed in conjunction with the operation of the above-described copying machine 1 will be explained in detail based on the flowcharts of FIGS. 5 and 6.

First, when the copy start key 57 of the copying machine 1 is pressed, in step 100, the optical path switching control circuit 53 is driven, the reflection mirror 15 is rotated, and the optical path is changed to the line CCD1.
Switch in direction 6.

Next, in step 110, the main exposure filter 12 is driven in order to detect the density characteristics of each color. For example, in order to detect the density characteristics of red (R), a pulse motor]
0 to put the Y and M main exposure filters 12 into the optical path and remove the C main exposure filter 12 from the optical path.

In this state, in step 120, the light source unit 7 is moved to scan the original 6 once, the image reading circuit 52 is driven, images are sequentially read from the line CCD 1661, and the image data is sequentially stored in the RAM 50c. do.

Next, in step 130, it is determined whether the process of reading the image data of each color has been performed for RGB, and if it has not been done, the process returns to step]]0, and if it has been completed, the process proceeds to step 140.

After the image reading operation is completed, in step 140, the color tendency characteristics of the original image are calculated using the stored RGB image data.

Next, in step 1501, the calculated color tendency characteristic is compared with reference color tendency characteristic data stored in advance in the ROM 50b to determine the color tendency of the original image and its degree.

Here, for example, if it is determined that the original image is redder by a certain value than the reference, then in step 160, processing is performed to reduce the red color by a predetermined amount. That is, the C main exposure filter 12 is extended by a predetermined amount from the optical path, and the Y and M main exposure filters 12 are removed by a predetermined amount.

Similarly, if it is determined that the original image is biased toward green, in step 170, the M main exposure filter 12
The Y and C main exposure filters 12 are removed by a predetermined amount while increasing the Y and C main exposure filters by a predetermined amount.
A process is performed in which the main exposure filter 12 of M and C is extended by a predetermined amount from the optical path, and the main exposure filters M and C are removed by a predetermined amount.

That is, in steps 160 to 180, the process of adjusting the color balance is performed by driving and controlling the main exposure filter 12 of each color.
Now, processing is performed to control the main exposure light amount based on the density of the entire image. That is, the density of the entire original image is determined based on the image data stored in the RAM 50c, and the density of the entire original image is determined based on the image data stored in the RAM 50c.
To increase or decrease the main exposure light amount by the predetermined amount stored in b.
The halogen lamp drive control circuit 54 is driven to increase or decrease the voltage applied to the halogen lamp 7a to control the amount of exposure light.

Next, sub-exposure processing is performed, but first, step 2
At step 00, the density characteristics of each color are calculated based on the image data of each color stored in the RAM 50c.

Next, in step 210, the calculated density characteristic is compared with reference density characteristic data stored in advance in the ROM 50b, and the density of the original image in each color is determined.

Here, for example, if it is determined that the density of red in the image is high (the amount of reflected light is small), in step 220, in order to improve the gradation of red, a predetermined value for red is stored in the ROM 50b. Increase only the light quantity of sub-exposure. That is, the sub-exposure pulse motor 65 is driven via the sub-exposure filter drive control circuit 57, and each sub-exposure filter 63 is moved by a predetermined amount in the same manner as the main exposure control described above. Processing is performed to increase the sub-exposure amount, and step 230 (also binary) is performed.

On the other hand, if it is determined that the density of the red color in the image is low (the amount of reflected light is large), the step 220 is performed in step 240.
On the contrary, control is performed to reduce the amount of red sub-exposure light.

Further, if it is determined in step 210 that the density characteristics of the image are normal, the process directly proceeds to step 230 without controlling the red sub-exposure light amount.

In step 230, it is determined whether or not the density characteristics of all RGB for the sub-exposure have been determined. If all of the density characteristics have not been determined, the process returns to step 200, and if the determination has been completed, the main Finish the process.

In this way, after controlling the color balance of the main exposure and sub-exposure according to the color tendency characteristics including the density characteristics of each color in the image data, the microcapsule paper 2 is conveyed, and the microcapsule paper 2 is conveyed to Actual exposure control is performed by exposure.

As described above, in the copying machine 1 of this embodiment, first, prior to normal exposure, in order to detect the color tendency characteristics of the original 6,
The light source section 7 is scanned for each color of RGB to read the original image of the document 6, and image data for each color is stored. Then, by comparing the stored image data with reference data, the color tendency characteristics of the original image are determined, and based on this determination, the main exposure filter 12 and the sub-exposure filter 63 are controlled, Adjust the color balance and gradation of the exposure output image.

Therefore, even if the color tendency characteristics of the original are different from normal ones, by adjusting the types of the main exposure and sub-exposure filters 12.63 to be controlled and the amount of movement thereof, it is easy to achieve the optimum color balance, etc. Exposure conditions can be set, and thereby desired image quality with excellent gradation for each color can be obtained.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments detailed above, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit thereof.

For example, in this embodiment, the copying machine 1 for originals is described, but the scope of application is extremely wide, such as copying machines for slide films, printers using CRTs, lasers, etc. Furthermore, the image memory 50c does not need to store all images;
Only the color trend characteristics of the image may be stored.

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the detailed description above, since the present invention includes the color tone control means, image reading means, color tendency characteristic calculation means, and color tendency characteristic control means, the overall color balance of the document is biased. Therefore, even if there are differences in the color tendency characteristics of the documents, the desired good image quality can always be obtained.Furthermore, it is equipped with a sub-exposure means and a sub-exposure control means. Therefore, the gradation of each color of the image to be formed can be expressed satisfactorily.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram illustrating the present invention, FIG. 2 is a graph explaining the invention in detail, FIG. 3 is an overall configuration diagram showing the copying machine of this embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a sub-exposure device. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the electronic control device, and FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing control of the color balance of main exposure and sub-exposure. 63.63a, 63b, 63c = sub-exposure filter

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A main exposure means for forming a latent image corresponding to an image on the photosensitive surface of photosensitive paper, and a main exposure light amount and main exposure of the main exposure means based on the coloring characteristics of the photosensitive paper. a main exposure control means for controlling the color balance of the color balance; and transferring the image to the developer paper by applying pressure while the photosensitive surface on which the latent image is formed and the developer material coated surface of the developer paper face each other, An image recording apparatus that forms an image by further heating to promote color development, comprising: a color tone control means for adjusting the color tone of reflected light of the light irradiated onto the original image from the main exposure means; and the color tone control means. Based on the reflected light adjusted by
an image reading means for reading the original image for each color tone; a color tendency characteristic calculation means for calculating a color tendency characteristic of the original image based on the image data read by the image reading means; and a color tendency characteristic calculation means. a color tendency characteristic control means for driving and controlling the main exposure control means to adjust the color balance of the main exposure based on the color tendency characteristics of the original image determined by the main exposure means; Before exposure, driving and controlling the sub-exposure means for sub-exposing the photosensitive paper in advance and the sub-exposure means based on the color tendency characteristics of the original image determined by the color tendency characteristic calculation means. An image recording device comprising: sub-exposure control means for adjusting the color balance of sub-exposure.