JPH0475120B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The invention relates to a formwork with a fixed table part and a head part, a compression cylinder, a compression piston guided in this compression cylinder and a fixed ram of this compression piston. , relates to a hydraulically operated, vertically working forming machine for compressing solid waste present in a container, consisting of a compression chamber consisting of a piston rod and a tube, which can be raised and lowered, guided in a formwork.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Hydraulic machines are increasingly being used to reduce the volume of solid waste stored in sheet containers or cans. In this case, the chemical industry,
Special waste generated in laboratories and hospitals is often a problem. In particular, radioactively contaminated special waste, especially solid, produced in nuclear installations must be compacted before further inspection, additional packaging and deposition. It is often closed and filled with waste.
100 thin plate containers into a tablet-shaped “compressed body”
This is carried out by compacting the compacted body on its side in a large deposition vessel, e.g.
Contained in 200 laminated containers. This compression is
In many cases, this is carried out using a hydraulic high-pressure molding machine.

German Patent Application No. 2 659 691 describes a system for radioactive waste present in a container, consisting of a fixing table part and a head part, a compression cylinder with a compression piston and a ram fixed to this compression piston according to the description in the heading. compress,
A hydraulically operated, vertically working forming machine is described. However, due to its structural shape, this molding machine has a significantly higher dead weight as well as a significantly greater required spatial height and surface area. Thereby, the moving inserts of this molding machine are considerably prevented and the installation of a molding machine of this kind is particularly expensive due to the required spatial nature, which is anyway expensive for safety and pollution reasons. It turns out. Furthermore,
The installation, management and decontamination of large molding machines of this type and the required additional protective precautions, such as for example against user contamination, are disadvantages.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a formwork, a compression cylinder, and a mold having a fixed table part and a head part.
It consists of a compression piston guided in the compression cylinder, a ram fixed to the compression piston, a piston rod and a compression chamber made of tubes, which can be raised and lowered and guided in the formwork, and which has a low self-weight. in a container which has a small required spatial height and a required surface area, is configured in such a way that it requires little maintenance and guarantees complete work without danger to the user. The objective was to obtain a hydraulically operated, vertically working compacting machine for compacting solid waste present in the United States.

Means for Solving the Problems According to the present invention, a compression cylinder forms a formwork, a piston rod is firmly fixed to the head of the formwork, and a compression chamber is formed in the compression cylinder. A compression ram consisting of a guided compression piston with a compression piston bottom and a floating plate fixed to the compression piston bottom is guided in the compression chamber, and the compression cylinder has at least one inlet and one outlet in the lower half. achieved by. In particular, the compression cylinder has reinforcing ribs.

EXAMPLE A detailed explanation will be given with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7, which schematically show an exemplary embodiment of a high-pressure molding machine according to the present invention.

The table 2 is formed as a bottom plate of a hydraulic machine.
A compression cylinder 1 connects the head part 3 in a damping manner. The compression cylinder 1 can have one or two charging ports 27 for compression chambers 25 into which the waste material to be compressed into tablet-shaped "compressed powder" is filled. A thin plate container 26 is present. The charging opening 27 has a transverse reinforcement 22 and can be laterally bounded by a guide reinforcement 17 . The compression cylinder 1 can be made of cast iron, cast steel or another suitable material. The wall thickness of the compression cylinder 1 is designed in accordance with the compression molding pressure. The head part 3 is firmly connected to the piston rod 10 by means of a threaded socket 11. Via the hydraulic control connection 28, the hydraulic line 29 is guided through the head part 3 into the hydraulic chamber 30. In the case of a compression molding process, the hydraulic oil presses against a piston cover 8, to which a compression piston 6 with a compression piston base 7 is fixed. In this case, the compression piston 6 is guided inside along the piston rod 10 by a piston lid 8 and further guided and supported inside the compression cylinder 1 by the piston lid 8, which is equipped with a sealing element 12 and a guide element 23. Ru. Furthermore, the compression piston 6 is guided into the compression chamber 4 by means of a guide ring 34 of the floating plate 15 fixed at the compression piston bottom 7, which compression chamber 2
form 5. The compression chamber 4 is moved in the axial direction by a hydraulic auxiliary cylinder 13 . The compression chamber 4 is
Guided or supported in the compression cylinder 1 on its side upwardly over the support ring 5 and downwardly over the support surface 14 of the guiding reinforcing element 17 present in the compression cylinder 1 (FIG. 7) . Compression piston 6 and compression chamber 4 (in this case, the compression chamber is
By virtue of the respective twice the guidance (which also has to absorb the compression molding forces that occur laterally when compressing the molding material) and by the respectively long selected guiding distances "C" and "D", the compression piston 6 is excluded. The support ring 5 is
Its support function prevents contraction of the compression cylinder 1 in the area below the charging opening 27.

The guiding distance “C” between the piston lid 8 and the floating plate 15 arranged on the piston bottom 7 of the compression piston 6 as well as the guiding distance “D” between the support ring 5 and the support surface 14 of the compression cylinder 1 It has been found to be advantageous if the diameter is larger than the outside diameter.

In many cases, the hydraulic chamber 30 is the compression piston 6
and an annular space 31 delimited by the piston rod 10 . The annular space 31 thus additionally acts as a compression cylinder, so that the total hydraulically acting piston surface area is
It now consists of a piston lid 8 and a piston bottom 7.
Thereby, low working pressures are obtained at maximum compression molding forces. The piston rod 10 can also be omitted, especially in the case of a small molding machine (see right side in FIG. 3).

The floating plate 15, which is fixed in the direction of the molding material on the underside of the piston base 7, is preferably curved. A correspondingly molded pedestal 20 is attached to the table 2
installed on top. The resulting locally high compression near the axis of the compact reduces the separation of the compact after the compression molding process. Compression chamber 4
The lower inner wall is covered with a replaceable hardened wear bushing 21.

The abrasive bushing 21 is preferably formed with a slightly conical shape in order to facilitate the removal of the compressed powder 33 from the compression chamber 4. The height of the abradable bushing 21 is such that it can absorb lateral pressure during the compression molding or compression process.

Preferably, the floating plate 15 and the pedestal 20 can also be obtained from a replaceable, low-wear material. However, the pedestal 20 can also be fitted into the table 2 such that the smooth upper edge of the pedestal 20 coincides with the upper edge of the table 2.

In the molding machine, there is a container 2 that has not yet been compression molded.
A perforation device 18 is arranged in 6 for creating an exhaust hole. The container 26 can be brought to the compression molding position via rollers or sliding plates 16.

In many cases it is advantageous for the compression cylinder 1 to have reinforcing ribs 9 . This reinforcing rib can be welded or cast-in, for example. Furthermore, especially for reasons of assembly and maintenance, the compression cylinder 1 is equipped with a table 2 and a head part 3 and a screw 1.
It has been found to be advantageous to bond by 9.

The charging port 27 can optionally be equipped with a suction device to remove any contamination present after lifting the compression chamber 4 after the completion of the compression carried out.

In order to supplement the above description, the compression molding process shall now be explained in detail by means of a molding machine according to the invention. After the container 26 filled with waste has been brought to the compression molding position and has subsequently been lowered through the compression chamber 4, the compression molding or compression process is carried out using the hydraulic connection member 3.
2 and filling the hydraulic chamber 30 with hydraulic oil via the connecting member 28 and the passage 29. To optimize process time, this filling is started at low pressure with high volume flow. As the compression molding resistance increases, the hydraulic pressure automatically increases until the maximum working pressure is achieved.
The oil escapes from the space via the connecting member 32 and the compression piston 6 descends into the compression chamber 25 and compresses the container 26 into a tablet-shaped compacted powder 33.

After the compression molding process and before the compression piston 6 is raised, the hydraulic connection 28 is closed. The compression chamber 4 is raised by the auxiliary cylinder 13, and the compressed powder 33
is freed and removed.

After the support ring 5 has butted against the piston cover 8 and the hydraulic connections 28, 32 have been opened, the compression chamber 4, the compression piston 6 and the auxiliary cylinder 13 are moved back into the initial or loaded position. this is,
According to the right-hand side of FIG. 3, this can be done by pumping out the hydraulic chamber 30, or according to the left-hand side of FIG. 3, by filling the space 31.

With the molding machine according to the invention, the weight, the required spatial height and the required surface area are significantly reduced.
This is because the compression cylinder 1 also allows for an advantageous design of the table 2 and the head part 3 compared to the two-pedestal and four-pedestal designs of other comparable hydraulic machines, i.e. This is because it can make things more suitable. This advantage is manifested using the high-pressure molding machine according to the invention with a compression molding force of 16000 KN compared to a 4-pedestal molding machine with a comparable compression molding force: anther weight of only 17t compared to anther 35t. , a reduction in the assembled height of the anthers by 30%, a reduction in the basal surface area to 2/3.

Furthermore, the compression cylinder 1 forms, in common with the compression chamber 4 present in the compression molding position, an effectively sealed storage for the material to be compression molded to the outside and thus additionally provides protection for the user. Provides excellent stain resistance. The molding machine according to the invention is remotely controllable and can advantageously be used in hot compartments and similar spaces without much maintenance.

The molding machine according to the invention can be used with an adapter for compressing molding materials of different dimensions by matching the compression piston 6 and the compression chamber 4.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a front view of the molding machine, FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the molding machine in the filling or ejecting position, and FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the molding machine in the compression molding position. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a molding machine with a compressed waste container; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the molding machine along line A-A in FIG. 3; FIG. A plan view showing the molding machine with the arrow X in Figure 3, and the seventh
The figure is a detailed view showing the molding machine along with the axial direction in the range Y in FIG. 5. 1...Compression cylinder, 3...Head part, 4...
...Compression chamber, 6, 7, 15... Compression ram, 9... Reinforcement rib, 10... Piston rod, 27... Charging port.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A formwork with a fixed table part and a head part, a compression cylinder, a compression piston guided in this compression cylinder and a ram fixed to this compression piston, a piston rod, and in the formwork. In a hydraulically operated vertically working forming machine for compressing solid waste present in a container, the compression cylinder 1 forms the formwork, consisting of a guided compression chamber made of tubes that can be raised and lowered. A piston rod 10 is firmly fixed to the head part 3 of this formwork, a compression chamber 4 is guided in the compression cylinder 1, a compression piston 6 having a compression piston bottom 7 and a piston rod 10 fixed to this compression piston bottom. A compression ram consisting of a floating plate 15 is guided in the compression chamber 4 for compressing the solid waste present in the container, characterized in that the compression cylinder 1 has at least one charging inlet and one outlet 27 in the lower half. A hydraulically driven molding machine that works vertically. 2. A hydraulically operated molding machine according to claim 1, wherein the compression cylinder 1 has reinforcing ribs 9.