JPH0477764A - Charging member - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a charging member, and more particularly to a charging member used for primary charging, transfer charging, and positive charging in electrophotography.

[Prior Art] The charging process in an electrophotographic process using an electrophotographic photoreceptor has conventionally applied a high voltage (DC) to a metal wire.
5 to 8 kV) is applied, and charging is performed by the generated corona. However, with this method, when corona occurs, corona products such as ozone and No. 8 alter the surface of the photoreceptor, causing blurring and deterioration of the image, and dirt on the wire affects the image quality, resulting in white spots and black lines in the image. There were other problems. On the other hand, in terms of electric power, only 5 to 30% of the current flows to the photoreceptor, and most of it flows to the shield plate, making it ineffective as a charging means.

In order to compensate for these drawbacks, many methods of direct charging have been researched and proposed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 178267-1987, 1.04351-1980, 1982-
40566, JP-A-58-139'156, JP-A-58-150975, etc.). However, in reality, even if a photoreceptor is charged by a contact charging method as described in Section 2, each part of the surface of the photoreceptor is not uniformly charged, resulting in spot-like charging unevenness. For example, in the reversal development method, even if a process below photoimage exposure is applied to a photoconductor with spotty charging unevenness, the output image will be a spotty black dot image corresponding to the spotty charging unevenness, whereas in the regular development method, the output image will be a spotty black dot image corresponding to the spotty charging unevenness. In contrast to the unevenness, the image becomes a speckled white dot image, making it impossible to obtain a high-quality image.

Further, although there are many proposals for the direct charging method, there is no market experience at all. The reason for this is the uniformity of charging,
Examples of such problems include the occurrence of discharge dielectric breakdown of the photoreceptor due to direct voltage application. For example, in the case of a cylindrical photoreceptor, one breakdown point due to discharge dielectric breakdown has the disadvantage that the entire charge in the axial direction flows to the breakdown point and is no longer charged.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] A method of forming a resin layer on the surface in order to prevent this dielectric breakdown has also been reported (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-205, 80).
, Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-211779).

However, these materials also have large fluctuations in resistance at low temperatures and low humidity, and their charging properties are unstable, and when used in contact with an organic photoreceptor, the resins on the surfaces of the organic photoreceptor and the charging member may interact with each other. It had defects such as melting and sticking.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a charging device that can solve the above-mentioned drawbacks and stably supply high-quality images without causing spot fog due to non-uniform charging or image defects due to discharge dielectric breakdown of the photoreceptor. The goal is to provide parts.

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the present invention provides a charging member having a conductive elastic layer on a conductive support, wherein the following general formula (1) is applied on the conductive elastic layer, and further on the elastic layer 2. The basic configuration is a three-layer structure in which a resin layer 3 containing a resin having the pyrrole compound of general formula (1) as a constituent unit is provided.

Examples of such resins include the following compounds, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

(In the formula, R, R, and R3 are hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkoxy groups, or amino groups.) This is a charging member characterized by the following.

The present invention will be explained in more detail below.

In the charging member of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a conductive elastic layer 2 is provided on a conductive support la (n: an integer), and a binder resin may be added to the resin layer.

However, the amount of binder resin added is preferably 30% by weight or less based on the total resin. Examples of the binder resin in the resin layer include acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate-1 and polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acecool, polyarylate, polycarbonate, phenoxy resin, polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinylpyridine. can.

Conventional charging members have surfaces made of rubber or polyurethane, so if they come into contact with an electrophotographic photoreceptor, the photoreceptor and charging member may stick together, or if the surface is hard, wrinkles may occur. This caused image defects.

On the other hand, the charging member of the present invention having a resin layer containing a resin having the pyrrole compound of the general formula (1) as a constituent unit has low adhesion to the electrophotographic photoreceptor and is flexible. This gives high-quality images and reduces toner stains (,
There is little variation in volume resistivity of the resin layer even under low temperature and low humidity conditions (it can be used as a stable charging member).

The thickness of the resin layer is 5 to 500 LLm, particularly 20 to 200 LLm.
A range of um is preferred.

As the elastic layer 2, metals such as aluminum, iron, and copper, conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polypyrrole, and polythiophene, and rubber or plastic elastomer treated to be conductive by dispersing carbon, metal, etc., or the surface of rubber or plastic elastomer may be used. A laminate coated with metal or other conductive material can be used.

Moreover, this elastic layer 2 may have a multilayer structure with separate functions as required. As the conductive support 1a,
Iron, copper, stainless steel, etc. can be used.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a protective layer 4 may be provided on the surface of the charging member to protect the charging member. This protective layer is formed of a resin layer, and insoluble resin powder 5 may be mixed therein to control the conductivity and the surface roughness of the charging member.

In the case of a blade-shaped charging member as shown in FIG. 3, a conductive elastic layer 2 is provided on the conductive sheet metal 1b, and a resin layer 3
will be established.

Further, a protective layer may be provided.

The charging member may have any shape such as a roller shape or a blade shape, but a roller shape is preferable in terms of uniform charging.

Electrophotographic photoreceptors basically have a structure in which a photosensitive layer is provided on a conductive support. As the conductive support, materials that are conductive themselves such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, chromium, titanium, etc. can be used. In addition, aluminum, aluminum alloy, indium oxide-tin oxide alloy, etc. can be used. The conductive support or plastic has a layer formed by vacuum deposition, a support in which plastic or paper is impregnated with conductive particles (e.g. carbon black, tin oxide particles, etc.) together with a suitable binder, or a conductive binder. Plastic or the like can be used.

A subbing layer having barrier and adhesive functions can also be provided between the conductive support and the photosensitive layer.

The subbing layer can be formed from casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyamide, polyurethane, gelatin, aluminum oxide, or the like. The thickness of the undercoat layer is suitably 5 μm or less, preferably 0.5 to 3 μm. In order for the undercoat layer to perform its function, it is desirable that the undercoat layer has a resistance of 10 7 Ω·cm or more.

The photosensitive layer is formed, for example, by coating a photoconductor such as an organic photoconductor, amorphous silicon, selenium, etc. together with a binder if necessary, or by vacuum deposition. Furthermore, when using an organic photoconductor, a photosensitive layer consisting of a combination of a charge generation layer that generates charge carriers upon exposure to light and a charge transport layer that has the ability to transport the generated charge carriers can also be effectively used.

The charge generation layer may be formed by depositing one or more charge generation materials such as azo pigments, quinone pigments, quinone anine pigments, perylene pigments, indigo pigments, bispency imiguzole pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, and quinacridin pigments. Alternatively, it can be formed by dispersing it with a suitable binder (or without a binder) and coating it.

The binder can be selected from a wide range of insulating resins or organic photoconductive polymers. For example, insulating resins include polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate (condensation polymer of bisphenol A and phthalic acid, etc.), polycarbonate, polyester, phenoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyacrylamide resin, polyamide, cellulose resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, Examples include casein and polyvinyl alcohol. Further, examples of the organic photoconductive polymer include carbazole, polyvinylanthracene, polyvinylpyrene, and the like.

The thickness of the charge generation layer is 0.01 to 15 μm, preferably 0.01 to 15 μm.
．． 05 to 5 μm, and the weight ratio of the charge generation layer to the binder is 10:1 to 1:20.

The solvent used in the paint for the charge generation layer is selected based on the solubility and dispersion stability of the resin and charge transport material used, and examples of organic solvents include alcohols, sulfoxides, ethers, esters, and aliphatic halogenated solvents. Hydrocarbons or aromatic compounds can be used.

Coating can be carried out using a coating method such as a dip coating method, a spray coating method, a Meyer bar coating method, or a blade coating method.

The charge transport layer is formed by dissolving a charge transport material in a film-forming resin. Examples of organic charge transport materials used in the present invention include hydrazone compounds, stilbene compounds, pyrazoline compounds, oxazole compounds,
Examples include thiazole compounds and triarylmethane compounds. These charge transport materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of the binder used in the charge transport layer include phenoxy resin, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl butyral, polyarylate, polysulfone, polyamide, acrylic resin, acrylonitrile resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, fermented vinyl resin, phenol resin, Epoxy resin, polyester, alkyd resin, polycarbonate, polyurethane or two of the repeating units of these resins
copolymers containing more than one, such as styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers,
Examples include styrene-maleic acid copolymer. It can also be selected from organic photoconductive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylanthracene, and polyvinylpyrene.

The thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 to 50 LLm, preferably 8 to 2 LLm.
0 μm, and the weight ratio of charge transport material and binder is 5:
The degree is 1 to 1:5, preferably 3:1 to 1:3. The coating method described above can be used for coating.

Furthermore, dyes, pigments, organic charge transport substances, and the like are generally susceptible to ultraviolet rays, ozone, stains caused by oil, and metals, so a protective layer may be provided as necessary. In order to form an electrostatic latent image on this protective layer, the surface resistivity must be 10Ω.
The above is desirable.

The protective layer of the photoreceptor is made of polyvinyl butyral, polyester, polycarbonate, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin,
It can be formed by dissolving a resin such as nylon, polyimide, polyarylate, polyurethane, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, etc. in a suitable organic solvent on the photosensitive layer and drying it. . At this time, the thickness of the protective layer is in the range of -M from 0.05 to 20 μm.

This protective layer may contain an ultraviolet absorber or the like.

The charging member of the present invention can be applied to, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a primary charging member 6, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8, a corona charger 9 for transfer charging, a cleaning means 10, and a pre-exposure means 11 are arranged on the circumferential surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor 12. .

The primary charging member 6 placed in contact with the electrophotographic photoreceptor 12 is applied with an external voltage (for example, 200V or more
A pulsating current voltage (which is a superimposition of a DC voltage of V or less and an AC voltage of a peak-to-peak voltage of 4000 V or less) is applied to the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1.
2, the surface of the document is charged, and the image on the document is image-exposed onto the photoreceptor by the image exposure means 7 to form an electrostatic latent image. Next, by attaching the developer in the developing means 8 to the photoreceptor, the electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor is developed (visualized), and the developer on the photoreceptor is transferred to a corona charger for transfer charging. 9 transfers the developer onto a transfer target member 13 such as paper, and a cleaning means 10 collects the developer remaining on the photoreceptor without being transferred to the paper during transfer.

Although an image can be formed by such an electrophotographic process, if residual charges remain on the photoreceptor, the photoreceptor is exposed to light by the pre-exposure means 11 to remove the residual charges before the next charging. It is better to remove the static electricity.

When the charging member of the present invention is used for transfer charging, it can be applied to, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a corona charger 14 for primary charging, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8, a charging member 15 for transfer charging, a cleaning means 10, and a pre-exposure means 11 are arranged on the circumferential surface of an electrophotographic photoreceptor 12. There is.

A voltage (for example, a DC voltage of 400 to 100 O
V) can be applied to transfer the developer on the electrophotographic photoreceptor to a transfer member such as paper.

When the charging member of the present invention is used for static elimination charging, for example,
The present invention can be applied to an electrophotographic apparatus such as that shown in FIG. This device includes a corona charger 14 for primary charging, an image exposure means 7, a developing means 8,
A corona charger 9 for transfer charging and a cleaning means 10 are arranged.

A voltage (for example, an AC peak-to-peak voltage of 500 to 500
2000V) can be applied to remove the electric charge on the electrophotographic photoreceptor.

By applying the charging member of the present invention to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer containing an organic photoconductor, which easily deteriorates in terms of mechanical strength and chemical stability, its characteristics can be clearly exhibited. can do.

In the present invention, the method for installing the charging member in contact with the photoreceptor is not limited to a specific method.
Any method of movement such as rotation in the same direction as the photoreceptor or in the opposite direction can be used. Furthermore, it is also possible to cause the charging member to function as a developer cleaning device on the photoreceptor.

Regarding the voltage applied to the charging member and the application method in the direct charging of the present invention, it depends on the specifications of each electrophotographic device, but in addition to the method of instantly applying the desired voltage, there are also methods for protecting the photoreceptor. A method can be adopted in which the applied voltage is increased stepwise, or in the case of applying a superimposed alternating current on direct current, the voltage is applied in the order of direct current (to alternating current) or alternating current (to alternating current) to direct current.

When the charging member of the present invention is used for primary charging of an electrophotographic device, it is necessary to superimpose a DC voltage and an AC voltage on the electrophotographic photoreceptor in the image output area.

When primary charging is applied only with DC voltage, uniform charging cannot be achieved.

When used for transfer charging, a DC voltage alone or a DC voltage and an AC voltage may be superimposed.

When used for static electricity removal charging, it is necessary to apply only an alternating current voltage.

Further, in the present invention, processes such as image exposure, development, and cleaning can be performed using any method known in the field of electrostatic photography, and are not limited to a specific type of developer.

The charging member of the present invention can be used not only in copying machines, but also in laser printers, CRT printers, and electrophotographic fields.

[Example 1 The present invention will be explained below using examples.

Example 1 As a conductive support, 60φ×260 with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm
A mm aluminum cylinder was prepared.

Copolymerized nylon (product name: CM8000, manufactured by Toshi ■)
Part 4 and Type 8 nylon (trade name Niratsukamite 5)
003, manufactured by Dainippon Ink ■) 4 parts with 50 parts of methanol,
The solution was dissolved in 50 parts of n-butanol and applied onto the above support by dip coating to form a 0.6 μm thick undercoat layer.

and polyvinyl butyral resin (product name: S-LEC B
10 parts of M2 (manufactured by Building Block Chemical), 12 parts of cyclohexanone
The mixture was dispersed for 10 hours in a Zandmill apparatus with 0 parts. 30 parts of methyl ethyl ketone was added to the dispersion and coated on the undercoat layer to form a charge generation layer with a thickness of 0.15 μm.

10 parts of polycarbonate Z resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a weight average molecular weight of 120,000 was prepared and dissolved in 80 parts of monochlorobenzene along with 10 parts of a hydrazone compound having the following structural formula. This was coated on the charge generation layer to form a charge transport layer with a thickness of 16 μm, and electrophotographic photoreceptors No. I were manufactured.

Next, conductive carbon 5 was added to 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber.
Melt and knead the weight part and form a φ3 piece in the center as a conductive support.
φ20X 24 through the stainless steel shaft of X 260mm
It was molded to have a thickness of 0 mm, and a conductive elastic layer of a roller-shaped charging member was provided.

The volume resistance of the conductive elastic layer of this charging member is determined at a temperature of 22
When measured in an environment of ℃ and 60% humidity, it is 3 x 10'Ω・cm
It is.

Next, 15 g of distilled and purified virol and 30 g of tetrabutylammonium verchlorate were dissolved in 1 ρ of dehydrated acetonitrile, and the roller provided with the conductive elastic layer was immersed in the solution, and a 10 mm gap was placed on the outside of the roller. A drilled cylindrical copper mesh electrode was immersed. Using the roller as an anode and the copper mesh as a cand, a current of 0.5 mA/cm' was applied for 10 minutes, the resulting film was washed with methanol, and after drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member. .

This charging member is connected to a normal development type copying machine PC as shown in Fig. 3.
It is installed in place of the -20 (manufactured by Canon) corona charger, and is driven to rotate with the electrophotographic photosensitive member. Potential measurements and images of dark potential and bright potential of the body were examined.

The results are shown in Table 1.

Further, potential characteristics and images when the charging member was attached to a normal development type copying machine under low temperature and low humidity conditions of 15° C. and 10% humidity were similarly investigated and are shown in Table 1.

Example 2 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, electropolymerization was carried out in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that virol in Example 1 was changed to 3-methylvirol,
After washing with methanol and drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided.
A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Example 3 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, electrolytic polymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that virol was changed to 3,4-dimethylvirol, and after washing with methanol and drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided, and the roller shape was charged. We manufactured parts for this purpose.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Example 4 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, electropolymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that virol was changed to 3-chlorovirol.
After washing with methanol and drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided.
A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 5 parts by weight of 6-66-10-12 nylon was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member to form a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm after drying. A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 5 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon 6 (methoxymethylation rate 25%) was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip-coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the charging member to give a film thickness of 20 μm after drying. A roller-shaped charging member was manufactured by providing a resin layer.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 3 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, polyester polyol (product name: Niraporan 12)
1. 4 parts by weight of Nippon Polyurethane) and 1 part by weight of tolylene diisocyanate are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of n-butanol, and the solution is dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member,
After drying, a resin layer having a thickness of 20 μm was provided to produce a roller-shaped charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 4 A conductive elastic layer of a charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 5 parts by weight of silicone RTV rubber was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of toluene and applied by dip coating on the conductive elastic layer of the charging member, and after drying, a resin layer with a film thickness of 20 μm was provided, and a roller-shaped charging member was applied. The parts were manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 and is shown in Table 1.

As can be seen by comparing Examples 1, 2, and 3.4 with Comparative Example 1.2, the present invention can prevent image defects such as wavy fog caused by hardening of the resin layer at low temperatures and low humidity.

Furthermore, as can be seen by comparing Examples 1, 2, and 3.4 with Comparative Example 3.4, it is possible to prevent the charging member from fusing with the photoreceptor and to suppress the occurrence of horizontal streak images.

Example 5 Below, the characteristics as a transfer charger were investigated.

A photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber was melted and kneaded with 5 parts by weight of conductive carbon, and a stainless steel shaft of 8 mm x 260 mm was passed through the center to form a material with a diameter of 30 mm x 240 mm to form the conductive elastic layer of the roller shape transfer charging member. Established.

The volume resistance of this transfer charging member was determined at a temperature of 22°C and a humidity of 60°C.
% environment, it is 4 x 10'Ω・am.

Next, 15 g of distilled and purified virol and 30 g of tetrabutylammonium verchlorate were dissolved in dehydrated acetonitrile IJ2, and the roller provided with the conductive elastic layer was immersed in the solution, and the roller provided with the conductive elastic layer was immersed in the solution. Cylindrical copper mesh electrodes were immersed at intervals of Omn+. 0.5mA7cm with roller as anode and copper mesh as cathode
2 was applied for 10 minutes, the resulting film was washed with methanol, and after drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 gm was provided to produce a roller shape transfer charging member.

This transfer charging member was attached in place of the transfer corona charger of a normal development type copying machine PC-20 (manufactured by Canon), a direct current of -500 V was applied for transfer charging, and the state of the image and the transfer charging member was examined.

The results are shown in Table 2.

Furthermore, we examined the image and the state of the transfer charging member when the transfer charging member was attached to a normal development type copying machine at a low temperature and low humidity condition of 15° C. and 10% humidity, and the results are shown in Table 2. Example 6 Example 5 In the same manner as above, a conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared.

Next, electropolymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that virol in Example 5 was changed to 3-methylvirol,
After washing with methanol and drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 2゜μm was applied.
A roller shape transfer charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Example 7 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, electrolytic polymerization was carried out in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that virol was changed to 3,4-dimethylvirol in Example 5, and after washing with methanol and drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided, and the shape was transferred using a roller. A charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Example 8 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, electropolymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that virole in Example 5 was changed to 3-chloropyrrole,
After washing with methanol and drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 um was applied.
A roller shape transfer charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 5 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 5 parts by weight of 6-66-1.0-12 nylon was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol.
A resin layer having a film thickness of 20 LLm after drying was provided by dip coating on the conductive elastic layer to produce a roller shape transfer charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 6 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 5 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon 6 (methoxymethylation rate 25%) was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip-coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was 201. ．． A resin layer of LIll was provided to produce a roller shape transfer charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 7 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, polyester polyol (product name: Nipporan 12
15 manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane) and 1 part by weight of tolylene diisocyanate were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of n-butanol, and the solution was dip coated onto the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, a film thickness of 20 μm was obtained. A resin layer was provided to produce a roller shape transfer charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 8 A conductive elastic layer of a transfer charging member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 5.

Next, 5 parts by weight of silicone RTV rubber was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of toluene, and the solution was dip coated on the conductive elastic layer of the transfer charging member, and after drying, a resin layer with a film thickness of 20 μm was provided, and the roller shape transfer charging was performed. We manufactured parts for this purpose.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 and is shown in Table 2.

As can be seen from Examples 5, 6, and 7.8 and Comparative Example 5.6, the present invention can maintain high image quality without causing a decrease in density or wavy fog even under low temperature and low humidity conditions.

Furthermore, as can be seen from Examples 5, 6, 7.8 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8, in the present invention, the transfer charging member does not fuse with the photoconductor, nor does it fuse with the toner, so defects may occur in the photoconductor or charging member. Can be used without generation.

Example 9 Below, we investigated its characteristics as a static eliminator.

A photoreceptor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.

Next, conductive carbon 5 was added to 100 parts by weight of chloroprene rubber.
Melt and knead the weight part and place it on a 2mm x 260mm stainless steel plate with a free length of 10ma + x 24 as shown in Figure 3.
It was molded to have a thickness of 0 mm, and a conductive elastic layer of a blade-shaped charging member was provided. The volume resistance of this static neutralizing charging member is 4XIO'Ω when measured at a temperature of 22°C and a humidity of 60%.
・cm.

Next, 15 g of distilled and purified virol and 30 g of tetrabutylammonium verchlorate were mixed with 1! of dehydrated acetonitrile! A roller provided with the conductive elastic layer was immersed therein, and cylindrical steel mesh J-791 poles were immersed outside the roller at a distance of 10 mm. Roller anode, copper mesh.

A current of 0.5 mA/cm2 was applied for 10 minutes using the .
A blade-shaped static elimination/charging member was manufactured by providing m resin layers.

Four of these static eliminator charging members were installed in place of the pre-exposure static eliminator of the normal development type copier PC-20 (manufactured by Canon), and an AC peak-to-peak voltage of 1000 V was applied to remove the static electricity, and the residual potential after defrosting was We examined the image and the condition of the static elimination/charging member.

The results are shown in Table 3.

Further, the image and the state of the static eliminating charging member when the static eliminating charging member was attached to a normal development type copying machine under a low temperature and low humidity condition of 15° C. and 10% humidity were investigated and are shown in Table 3.

Example 10 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, electropolymerization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that virol in Example 9 was changed to 3-methylvirol,
After washing with methanol and drying, a resin layer with a thickness of 20 μm was provided.
A blade-shaped static elimination/charging member was manufactured.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 9 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

The static elimination/charging member was used as it was without providing a resin layer.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 10 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 10 parts by weight of methoxymethylated nylon-6 (methoxymethylation rate 25%) was dissolved in 90 parts by weight of methanol, and the solution was dip-coated on the conductive elastic layer of the static electricity removal charging member, and after drying, the film thickness was A resin layer of 100 μm was provided to produce a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 11 In the same manner as in Example 9, a conductive elastic layer of a static elimination/charging member was prepared.

Next, 8 parts by weight of Tuboran 121 (manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane) and 2 parts by weight of toluylene diisocyanate were dissolved in 90 parts by weight of n-butanol in polyester polyol, and the solution was applied by dip coating onto the conductive elastic layer of the static eliminating charge member. A resin layer having a thickness of 11,001 L after drying was provided to produce a blade-shaped static elimination/charging member.

This was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 and is shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 12 Static electricity was removed by pre-exposure without using the charging member for charge removal of the present invention, and this was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9, and the results are shown in Table 3.

As can be seen by comparing Examples 9 and 10 with Comparative Examples 9 and 11, the present invention prevents fusion between the charging member and the photoreceptor, thereby preventing the occurrence of image defects in the form of horizontal stripes.

Also, Example 9. As can be seen by comparing IO and Comparative Example 10, the material of the present invention exhibits stable static elimination performance even under low temperature and low humidity conditions, and image defects can be suppressed with the material of the present invention.

In Comparative Example 12, the static elimination performance of the conventional pre-exposure type static elimination was poor (residual potential easily remained at low temperature and low humidity), and soil burr defects occurred.

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above results, by using the charging member of the present invention, the adhesion to the electrophotographic photoreceptor is low (
Since it is also flexible, it provides high-quality images with less toner stains. In particular, stable potential characteristics and image characteristics can be obtained even under low temperature and low humidity conditions.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIGS. 1 and 2 are sectional views in the central axis direction of a roller-shaped charging member, FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a blade-shaped charging member,
FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 are cross-sectional views of the electrophotographic apparatus. 1a + conductive support 1b: conductive sheet metal 2: conductive elastic layer 3: resin layer 4: protective layer 5: resin powder 6: charging member 7: image exposure means 8: developing means 9: corona charging for transfer charging Device 10: Cleaning means 11: Pre-exposure means 12: Electrophotographic photoreceptor 14; Corona charger for secondary charging 15: Charging member for transfer charging 16: Charging member for static elimination charging. Agent Patent Attorney Seki Yamashita Figure 1-1-7B

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) In a charging member having a conductive elastic layer on a conductive support, the following general formula (1), ▲mathematical formula, chemical formula, table, etc. are present on the conductive elastic layer▼ (in the formula, R_1, R_2 and R_3 are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group. . (2) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the charging member contacts an electrophotographic photoreceptor to charge the photoreceptor. (3) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is primarily charged by superimposing a DC voltage and an AC voltage as applied voltages. (4) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the developer is transferred from the electrophotographic photoreceptor to the transfer member by using a DC voltage as the applied voltage or by superimposing a DC voltage and an AC voltage. (5) The charging member according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor is neutralized using an alternating current voltage as the applied voltage.