JPH0478700B2 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JPH0478700B2 JPH0478700B2 JP61209153A JP20915386A JPH0478700B2 JP H0478700 B2 JPH0478700 B2 JP H0478700B2 JP 61209153 A JP61209153 A JP 61209153A JP 20915386 A JP20915386 A JP 20915386A JP H0478700 B2 JPH0478700 B2 JP H0478700B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- reinforcing particles
- composite material
- matrix
- powder
- average particle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
産業上の利用分野
この発明は、車輛用のエンジン部品、その他高
弾性、高耐熱強度が要求される機械部品等に使用
されるアルミニウムベースの複合材、即ちアルミ
ニウムまたはその合金をマトリツクスとし、該マ
トリツクス中に強化粒子が均一分散された粒子強
化による粒子分散形のアルミニウム基複合材の製
造方法に関する。
従来の技術と問題点
粒子分散形Al基複合材は、強化粒子の含有量
の増加とともに脆化し易いという一般的な欠点を
もつ。この脆化防止には、分散せしめる強化粒子
の粒径を小さいものとすることが有効であること
は知られている。ところが、強化粒子の粒径が小
さくなると、その分散性が悪くなり、Alまたは
その合金からなるマトリツクス中に均一に分散さ
れることが困難になる。粒子分散形複合材の特性
は、もとより強化粒子の均一分散性に依存すると
ころが大であり、これが不均一になると、強度の
ばらつきにより製品価値が著しく低下する。
而して、最近では、強化粒子の均一分散性を向
上する技術として、メカニカルアロイングの手法
の採用が検討されるに至つている（例えば特開昭
60−131943号、同60−131944号、同60−9837号等
参照）。ところが、メカニカルアロイングを採用
するときは、強化粒子の均一分散には有効である
ものの、該工程によつて複合材中にＯ及びＣの含
有量が増え、それらによつて生成される酸化物の
Al2O3や炭化物のAl4C3の分散により、マトリツ
クス中における平均粒子間距離が短くなり、その
結果転移の拘束力が高まるために脆化の傾向が強
くなるというような問題があつた。
この問題点について本発明者は更に種々の実験
と研究を重ねたところ、複合材に良好な高延性、
高弾性率を得るためには、該複合材中におけるＯ
及びＣの含有量が、それらによる酸化物のAl2O3
及び炭化物Al4C3の合計容積比〔Vf（Al2O3＋Al4
C3）〕において、
Vf（Al2O3＋Al4C3）≦20％であり、より好まし
くは、
Vf（Al2O3＋Al4C3）≦10％とすべきであること
を知見し得た。
ところが、メカニカルアロイングを用いて、マ
トリツクス粉末と強化粒子の複合化を行う場合、
Ｏ及びＣの含有量を上記の範囲に規制すること
は、雰囲気の厳密な制御、有機焼突き防止剤の添
加量の規制を必要とし、複合粉の製造工程及び複
合粉の回収から圧粉容器への充填工程において工
程管理が厄介であり、また複合化の進行の遅延傾
向によりメカニカルアロイング工程に多くの時間
がかゝるなどの問題点が派生する。
そこで、この発明は、上記のような技術的背景
のもと、メカニカルアロイングの手段を用いるこ
となく、従つてＯ及びＣの含有量の増大を招くこ
となく、小粒径の強化粒子の均一分散をはかりう
るものとし、もつて高強度、高弾性、高延性の粒
子分散形Al基複合材を得ることができるその製
造方法を提供することを目的としてなされたもの
である。
問題点を解決する為の手段
上記の目的において、本発明者は更に種々実験
と研究を行つたところ、従来、あまり関心が払わ
れていなかつた粉末粒子径の選択と組合わせ、即
ちマトリツクスとするAl粉末（Al合金粉末を含
む）と強化粒子との平均粒径の相対的な組合わせ
関係の選定により、メカニカルアロイング手法を
用いなくても均一に強化粒子を分散させることが
可能であること、従つてＯ及びＣの含有量を僅少
量に抑制したものとなしうることを見出し、本発
明を完成するに至つたものである。
而して、この発明は、Al（Al合金を含む）マト
リツクスとし、該マトリツクス中に強化粒子が分
散された粒子強化による複合材の製造方法におい
て、
強化粒子として平均粒径l2が、
l2≦10μm
のものを用い、かつマトリツクスAl粉末の平均
粒径l1と強化粒子の平均粒径l2との比l1／l2を、
l1／l2≦20
としたAl粉末と強化粒子とを、強化粒子の容積
比Vf≦40の割合にて混合し、加熱脱ガス処理し
たのち、熱間圧粉及び熱間成形を行うことを特徴
とする粒子分散形Al基複合材の製造方法を要旨
とするものである。
次に、上記の各限定条件についてそれぞれ説明
する。
先ず、強化粒子の平均粒径2は、これが10μm
をこえるものであるときは、その均一分散性が悪
くなるため、複合材の機械的強度の向上効果に乏
しく、延性、ヤング率も低いものとなる。好まし
くは上記平均粒径l2は5μm以下とするのが良い。
次に、Al粉末の平均粒径l1と上記強化粒子の平
均粒径との比l1／l2は、メカニカルアロイングの
技法を用いることなく、強化粒子の均一な状態を
実現するために、l1／l2≦20となるように規定す
る。この規定条件の満足により、平均粒径10μm
以下、好ましくは5μm以下の粒径の小さい強化粒
子を用いる場合において、粉末冶金法に従う成形
方法によりマトリツクス中に上記強化粒子を均一
に分散せしめることが可能である。
また、強化粒子の配合量は、その容積比（Vf）
において40をこえるときは、複合材の延性の低下
をもたらし、材料が脆いものとなり所期の高弾性
を得ることができない。好ましくはその容積比
（Vf）は10〜30％程度に設定すべきである。
次に、この発明による複合材の製造工程は、上
記のAl粉末と強化粒子とを乾式法または湿式法
で均一混合し、加熱脱ガス処理を行つたのち、熱
間にて圧粉成形し、しかるのち熱間押出し、熱間
鍛造、熱間圧延等の所要の熱間加工を施して所期
する粒子分散形複合材とする。この製造工程にお
ける各処理条件は、従来と同様で良い。
上記のようなこの発明の方法に従つて製造され
る複合材は、マトリツクス中に強化粒子が均一に
分散したものとすることができるのはもとより、
それに含まれるＯ及びＣの含有量を、前記の最も
好適とする範囲、即ち酸化物Al2O3及び炭化物
Al4C3の容積比の合計〔Vf（Al2O3＋Al4C3）〕に
おいて、
Vf（Al2O3＋Al4C3）＜20％の条件を十分に満足
する僅少量に抑制することができる。従つて、そ
れらの酸化物及び炭化物の分散によるマトリツク
スの転移の拘束力の増大による延性の低下、脆化
を回避したものとすることができる。
なお、マトリツクスとするAlまたはその合金
粉末は、A1000系の純アルミニウムのほか、
A2000〜8000系の各種のものを任意に単独または
組合わせにおいて使用しうる。
一方、強化相のための強化粒子は、既知の硬い
酸化物、炭化物、窒化物、ホウ化物、金属間化合
物の群から選択される任意の１種または２種以上
が用いられる。
発明の効果
この発明によれば、メカニカルアロイングの方
法を用いることなく強化粉末をAlマトリツクス
中に均一に分散させた複合材であつて、特に引張
り強さに優れたバラツキのない高強度のものを得
ることができるのはもとより、特にＯ及びＣの含
有量を僅少なものとして延性を良好に保持し
つゝ、高弾性、高耐熱強度の高温特性に優れた複
合材を得ることができる。従つてまた、この発明
による複合材は、従来のメカニカルアロイングに
よつて製造される複合材と同等程度に強化粒子が
マトリツクス中に均一に分散した複合材を、一段
と簡易に製造することができ、しかも該複合材は
熱間加工性、靱性に優れたものとなし得て、用途
範囲を拡大しうる。
実施例
実施例 １
Industrial Application Field The present invention uses an aluminum-based composite material, that is, aluminum or an alloy thereof, as a matrix, which is used for vehicle engine parts and other mechanical parts that require high elasticity and high heat-resistant strength. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a particle-dispersed aluminum matrix composite material by particle reinforcement in which reinforcing particles are uniformly dispersed. PRIOR ART AND PROBLEMS Particle-dispersed Al-based composites have a general drawback of being susceptible to embrittlement as the content of reinforcing particles increases. It is known that reducing the particle size of the reinforcing particles to be dispersed is effective in preventing this embrittlement. However, as the particle size of reinforcing particles becomes smaller, their dispersibility deteriorates, making it difficult to uniformly disperse them in a matrix made of Al or its alloy. The characteristics of a particle-dispersed composite material are largely dependent on the uniform dispersibility of reinforcing particles, and if this becomes non-uniform, the product value will be significantly reduced due to variations in strength. Recently, mechanical alloying has been considered as a technique for improving the uniform dispersion of reinforcing particles (for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
(See No. 60-131943, No. 60-131944, No. 60-9837, etc.) However, when mechanical alloying is employed, although it is effective for uniformly dispersing reinforcing particles, the content of O and C increases in the composite material, and the oxides produced by them increase. of
Due to the dispersion of Al 2 O 3 and carbide Al 4 C 3 , the average interparticle distance in the matrix becomes shorter, which increases the restraining force for dislocation and increases the tendency for embrittlement. . The present inventor further conducted various experiments and research regarding this problem, and found that the composite material has good high ductility and
In order to obtain a high modulus of elasticity, it is necessary to
and C content of the oxide Al 2 O 3
and the total volume ratio of carbide Al 4 C 3 [Vf (Al 2 O 3 + Al 4
C 3 )], it was found that Vf (Al 2 O 3 + Al 4 C 3 ) ≦ 20%, and more preferably, Vf (Al 2 O 3 + Al 4 C 3 ) ≦ 10%. Obtained. However, when combining matrix powder and reinforcing particles using mechanical alloying,
Regulating the content of O and C within the above range requires strict control of the atmosphere and regulation of the amount of organic anti-scorching agent added, and it is necessary to strictly control the atmosphere and the amount of organic anti-scorching agent added. Process control is troublesome in the filling process, and the mechanical alloying process takes a lot of time due to the tendency to delay the progress of compounding. Therefore, based on the above-mentioned technical background, the present invention aims to uniformly form reinforcing particles of small diameter without using mechanical alloying means and without causing an increase in the content of O and C. The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for producing a particle-dispersed Al-based composite material that can be dispersed and has high strength, high elasticity, and high ductility. Means for Solving the Problems For the above purpose, the present inventor further conducted various experiments and research, and found that the selection and combination of powder particle diameters, which had not received much attention in the past, ie matrices. By selecting the relative combination of average particle diameters of Al powder (including Al alloy powder) and reinforcing particles, it is possible to uniformly disperse reinforcing particles without using mechanical alloying methods. Therefore, the present inventors have discovered that the content of O and C can be suppressed to a very small amount, and have completed the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for producing a composite material by particle reinforcement in which an Al (including Al alloy) matrix is used and reinforcing particles are dispersed in the matrix, the reinforcing particles having an average particle size l 2 , l 2 ≦10 μm, and the ratio l 1 /l 2 of the average particle diameter l 1 of the matrix Al powder to the average particle diameter l 2 of the reinforcing particles is l 1 /l 2 ≦20. A method for producing a particle-dispersed Al-based composite material, which comprises mixing the reinforcing particles at a volume ratio of Vf≦40, heating and degassing the mixture, followed by hot compaction and hot forming. The main points are as follows. Next, each of the above limiting conditions will be explained. First, the average particle size 2 of the reinforcing particles is 10 μm.
If it exceeds this, the uniform dispersibility will be poor, and the effect of improving the mechanical strength of the composite material will be poor, and the ductility and Young's modulus will also be low. Preferably, the average particle size l 2 is 5 μm or less. Next, the ratio l 1 /l 2 between the average particle size l 1 of the Al powder and the average particle size of the reinforcing particles is determined in order to achieve a uniform state of the reinforcing particles without using mechanical alloying techniques. , l 1 /l 2 ≦20. By satisfying these specified conditions, the average particle size is 10 μm.
Hereinafter, when using reinforcing particles with a small particle size, preferably 5 μm or less, it is possible to uniformly disperse the reinforcing particles in the matrix by a molding method according to powder metallurgy. In addition, the blending amount of reinforcing particles is determined by its volume ratio (Vf)
When it exceeds 40, the ductility of the composite material decreases, and the material becomes brittle, making it impossible to obtain the desired high elasticity. Preferably, the volume ratio (Vf) should be set to about 10 to 30%. Next, the manufacturing process of the composite material according to the present invention includes uniformly mixing the above-mentioned Al powder and reinforcing particles by a dry method or wet method, performing a heating degassing treatment, and then hot compacting. Thereafter, necessary hot processing such as hot extrusion, hot forging, and hot rolling is performed to obtain the desired particle-dispersed composite material. Each processing condition in this manufacturing process may be the same as the conventional one. The composite material produced according to the method of the present invention as described above not only has reinforcing particles uniformly dispersed in the matrix, but also has the following properties:
The content of O and C contained in it is within the most suitable range as mentioned above, that is, oxide Al 2 O 3 and carbide.
The total volume ratio of Al 4 C 3 [Vf (Al 2 O 3 + Al 4 C 3 )] is suppressed to a very small amount that fully satisfies the condition of Vf (Al 2 O 3 + Al 4 C 3 ) < 20%. be able to. Therefore, it is possible to avoid a decrease in ductility and embrittlement due to an increase in the restraining force of matrix dislocation due to the dispersion of these oxides and carbides. In addition to A1000 series pure aluminum, the Al or its alloy powder used as the matrix can be
Various members of the A2000-8000 series may optionally be used alone or in combination. On the other hand, as the reinforcing particles for the reinforcing phase, any one or more kinds selected from the group of known hard oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, and intermetallic compounds are used. Effects of the Invention According to the present invention, there is provided a composite material in which reinforcing powder is uniformly dispersed in an Al matrix without using a mechanical alloying method, and is a high-strength material with particularly excellent tensile strength and uniformity. In addition, it is possible to obtain a composite material having excellent high-temperature properties such as high elasticity and high heat-resistant strength while maintaining good ductility by keeping the content of O and C small. Therefore, the composite material according to the present invention can be manufactured more easily in which reinforcing particles are uniformly dispersed in the matrix to the same extent as composite materials manufactured by conventional mechanical alloying. Moreover, the composite material can be made to have excellent hot workability and toughness, and the range of applications can be expanded. Example Example 1
【表】
(注)：混合工程の湿式混合は、助剤とし
てエタノールを使用
上記表１に示すAl粉末と強化粒子とを、それ
ぞれ全体重量１Kgに秤量し、ヘンシユルミキサー
を用いて2000rpm×４分間の混合を行つた。
そして、この混合物を３×10-3torrの真空下で
500℃×５時間の加熱脱ガス処理し、次いで、熱
間プレス機により500℃×7000Kg／cm2の条件で熱
間圧粉したのち、押出比10：１、押出し温度450
℃で熱間押出し成形を行い、各種のAl基複合材
を得た。
そこで、この得られた各複合材につき、熱処理
型の試料No.３，５のものについてはT6調質処理
し、試料No.１，２，４のものについては押出し材
のまま、それらの有する機械的性質を室温及び
300℃加熱下において調べると共に、複合材中の
Ｏ及びＣの含有量を調べた。その結果を表２，３
に示す。[Table] (Note): Wet mixing in the mixing process uses ethanol as an auxiliary agent. Weigh the Al powder and reinforcing particles shown in Table 1 above to a total weight of 1 kg each, and mix at 2000 rpm x 4 using a Henschul mixer. Mixing was performed for 1 minute. This mixture was then heated under a vacuum of 3×10 -3 torr.
It was heated and degassed at 500℃ for 5 hours, then hot-pressed using a hot press at 500℃ and 7000Kg/cm 2 , extrusion ratio 10:1 and extrusion temperature 450.
Hot extrusion molding was performed at ℃ to obtain various Al-based composites. Therefore, for each composite material obtained, heat-treated samples Nos. 3 and 5 were subjected to T6 heat treatment, and samples Nos. 1, 2, and 4 were left as extruded materials. Mechanical properties at room temperature and
The composite material was examined under heating at 300°C, and the content of O and C in the composite material was also examined. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
Shown below.
【表】
δ：伸び
[Table] δ: Elongation
【表】
上表２〜３の結果から判かるように、強化粒子
として脆化防止に特に有効と目される平均粒径l2
5μm以下のものを用いた場合において、Al粉末
の平均粒径l1との相対比（l1／l2）を20以下に制
御した試料No.１〜３（実施例）場合には、それが
20をこえる試料No.４，５（比較例）の場合に較べ、
高強度、高弾性、高延性であり、しかも高温特性
にも優れた複合材を得ることができる。[Table] As can be seen from the results in Tables 2 and 3 above, the average particle size l 2 is considered to be particularly effective as reinforcing particles in preventing embrittlement.
In the case of using Al powder of 5 μm or less, in the case of Sample Nos. 1 to 3 (Example) in which the relative ratio (l 1 /l 2 ) to the average particle size l 1 of Al powder was controlled to 20 or less, but
Compared to the case of samples No. 4 and 5 (comparative examples) exceeding 20,
A composite material with high strength, high elasticity, high ductility, and excellent high-temperature properties can be obtained.
Claims (1)
トリツクス中に強化粒子が分散された粒子強化に
よる複合材の製造方法において、 強化粒子として平均粒径l2が、 l2≦10μm のものを用い、かつマトリツクスAl粉末の平均
粒径l1と強化粒子の平均粒径l2との比l1／l2を、 l1／l2≦20 としたAl粉末と強化粒子とを、強化粒子の容積
比Vf≦40の割合にて混合し、加熱脱ガス処理し
たのち、熱間圧粉及び熱間成形を順次行うことを
特徴とする粒子分散形Al基複合材の製造方法。[Claims] 1. A method for producing a composite material by particle reinforcement in which an Al (including Al alloy) matrix is used and reinforcing particles are dispersed in the matrix, wherein the average particle diameter l 2 of the reinforcing particles is such that l 2 ≦ Al powder and reinforcing particles of 10 μm were used, and the ratio l 1 /l 2 of the average particle diameter l 1 of the matrix Al powder to the average particle diameter l 2 of the reinforcing particles was l 1 /l 2 ≦20. A method for producing a particle-dispersed Al-based composite material, which comprises mixing the reinforcing particles at a volume ratio of Vf≦40, heating and degassing the mixture, and then sequentially performing hot compaction and hot forming. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20915386A JPS6365046A (en) | 1986-09-04 | 1986-09-04 | Grain dispersion-type al-base composite material and its production |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20915386A JPS6365046A (en) | 1986-09-04 | 1986-09-04 | Grain dispersion-type al-base composite material and its production |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6365046A JPS6365046A (en) | 1988-03-23 |
| JPH0478700B2 true JPH0478700B2 (en) | 1992-12-11 |
Family
ID=16568191
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20915386A Granted JPS6365046A (en) | 1986-09-04 | 1986-09-04 | Grain dispersion-type al-base composite material and its production |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6365046A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2727874B2 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1998-03-18 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Superconducting wire and composite superconducting conductor |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4409038A (en) * | 1980-07-31 | 1983-10-11 | Novamet Inc. | Method of producing Al-Li alloys with improved properties and product |
| EP0079749A3 (en) * | 1981-11-12 | 1984-04-25 | MPD Technology Corporation | Dispersion strengthened mechanically-alloyed aluminium-based alloy |
| JPS60131943A (en) * | 1983-12-19 | 1985-07-13 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Dispersed particle reinforced heat-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum alloy powder |
-
1986
- 1986-09-04 JP JP20915386A patent/JPS6365046A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6365046A (en) | 1988-03-23 |
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