JPH048021B2

JPH048021B2 -

Info

Publication number: JPH048021B2
Application number: JP60255979A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Eiji Kojima; Kyohiro Kitagawa
Original assignee: NITSUSHIN SEIYU KK; ORIENTARU KOBO KOGYO KK
Current assignee: NITSUSHIN SEIYU KK; ORIENTARU KOBO KOGYO KK
Priority date: 1985-11-15
Filing date: 1985-11-15
Publication date: 1992-02-13
Also published as: JPS62115241A

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(a) 産業上の利用分野本発明は、魚類および甲穀類の種苗生産に用い
られるアルテミアを効率よく養成することができ
るアルテミア用飼料に関する。 (b) 従来の技術日本における栽培漁業技術は、近年急速な発展
を遂げ、食用魚のかなりの部分が養殖によつて支
えられるようになつた。特に種苗生産の速度を飛
躍的に高めることが可能になつた背景には、各種
魚用人工飼料及び生物飼料の開発がある。現状では、卵からふ化した直後の稚仔魚には、
シオミズツボワムシ、アルテミア、ミジンコなど
の生物餌料が魚の体長に合わせて順次投与されて
いるが、アルテミア（ノープリウス）以後に与え
るべき適当な大きさの生物餌料は見い出されてお
らず、天然海水から採取したプランクトンを利用
している。しかし、天然プランクトン採取は、季
節・気候に左右され易く、安定的な確保が困難で
あるため、アルテミアを養成して従来よりも大き
なアルテミア（体長２〜４mm）を作る試みが行わ
れている。しかしながら、アルテミア養成用飼料
として、これまで小麦粉、大豆粉、パン酵母、米
ヌカ及びこれらを配合した飼料などが作られて使
用されているが、いずれも養成過程におけるアル
テミアの死亡率が著しく高かつた。 (c) 発明が解決しようとする問題点本発明の目的は、養成過程におけるアルテミア
の死亡率が低いアルテミア用飼料を提供すること
にある。 (d) 問題点を解決するための手段本発明者らは鋭意研究の結果、単細胞藻類（海
産クロレラを除く）に各種の細胞壁破壊処理を施
して得た飼料が上記の目的を達成するものである
ことを見い出した。即ち本発明は単細胞藻類（海産クロレラを除
く）の細胞壁をスプレードライにより破壊処理し
た後に水和し、次いで高圧ホモジナイザーまたは
ポリトロンホモジナイザーにより細胞を１個また
は数個の塊に強制分散処理してなるアルテミア用
飼料に係わるものである。本発明でいうアルテミアとは、Artemia
salinaに代表される海水性動物プランクトンで、
一般に養殖生餌料として利用されているものを指
す。本発明で使用できる単細胞藻類としては、海
産クロレラを除く淡水性、海洋性の単細胞藻類で
あり、主として淡水クロレラ、ミドリムシ、珪
藻、テトラセルミス、藍藻などを用いることがで
きる。ここでいう淡水クロレラとは、通常
Chlorella vulgaris，Chlorella ellipsoidea，
Chlorella pyrenoidosa，Chlorella parasitica，
Chlorella conglomerata，Chlorella variegata，
Chlorella autotrophica，Chlorella mutabilis，
Chlorella nocturna，Chlorella photophilaなど
に分類されるものを指す。テトラセルミスとは、
Tetraselmis tetraseleaなどに分類されるものを
指す。珪藻とは、Rhabdonema arcuatumなどに
分類されるものを指す。ミドリムシとは、
Euglena gracilisなどに分類されるものを指す。スプレードライ処理は培養後の単細胞藻類（海
産クロレラを除く）を数回洗浄した湿細胞に対し
て行う。スプレードライは、固形分濃度を２〜10％、望
ましくは３〜５％に調整した湿細胞溶液を用い
て、送風温度140〜160℃、排風温度100〜130℃程
度で実施する。なお、細胞壁を破壊した単細胞藻類（海産クロ
レラを除く）に必要に応じ、加水したのち大豆レ
シチンなどのリン脂質、コレステロール、フイト
ステロールなどのステロール、糖脂質またはジセ
チルリン酸を１〜50％、望ましくは３〜10％程度
添加して均一に分散させると、より安定化した分
散液が得られる。細胞壁をスプレードライにより破壊したのち、
次の処理を行う。即ち、かかる単細胞藻類乾燥品
を固形分濃度が５〜15％程度になるように水に分
散し、高圧ホモジナイザー（吐出圧力300〜500
Kg／cm²）やポリトロンホモジナイザーなどを用い
て処理する。処理前には、細胞が数百個ずつの塊
になつていたものが、この処理により１個または
数個の細胞塊に強制分散され、アルテミアが食し
易くなる。本発明により得られる飼料は、これを単独で用
いても、また従来の飼料と併用してもよい。 (e) 実施例実施例１アルテミアの耐久卵（乾燥品）を天然海水中で
24時間ふ化させた。ふ化直後のアルテミア幼生を
集め、次のような飼料を用いて養成試験を行つ
た。淡水クロレラ（Chlorella vulgaris）の培養
液から遠心分離法で細胞を集め、３回洗浄した
後、次のＡまたはＢの処理を施した。即ち、Ａ：
スプレードライ法により乾燥及び細胞壁破壊をす
る。Ｂ：Ａで得たスプレードライ品を約15倍量の
水に混合し、これを高圧ホモジナイザー処理
（500Kg／cm²）して、再分散する。また、同時に比較するコントロールとして生
イースト、大豆粉、米ヌカ（いずれも粒度を
50〜200μにそろえたもの）を用いた。ふ化直後のアルテミアの体長は、およそ500μ
で約30個体／mlで養成を開始した。なお、飼料の投与量については、いずれも十分
な量（即ち、24時間ごとに投与して、翌日の投与
時には多少の残存飼料が認められる程度）を事前
に検討して与えた。その量は、本発明の細胞壁を
破壊した淡水クロレラは1.5×10¹⁰Cell／mlの濃度
の溶液で２ml／／day程度である。また、生イーストは５％溶液で３ml／／
day、大豆粉及び米ヌカは５％固型分の溶液で0.4
ml／／dayである。以上によるアルテミアの養生結果を図−１に示
す。実施例２実施例１と同様にふ化させたアルテミア幼生を
用いて次に示す飼料で養成試験を行つた。テト
ラセルミスの培養液から遠心分離法で細胞を集
め、３回洗浄した生テトラセルミス細胞、実施
例１で得られたスプレードライ品100部に対して、
大豆レシチン（５部）及びコレステロール（５
部）を20部のヘキサン：エタノール＝２：１にと
かしたものを混合し、脱溶剤した後、1500部の水
に再分散し、高圧ホモジナイザー処理したもの。飼料の投与量は、いずれも1.5×10¹⁰Cells／ml
の濃度の溶液で２ml／／dayである。養成の結果を図−２に示す。実施例３実施例１のＡで得たスプレードライ品を約15倍
量の水に混合し、冷却しつつ約5000rpm以上の回
転数を保持し、ポリトロンホモジナイザーで10分
間処理して再分散した。このものを飼料として実
施例１と同様にアルテミア幼生の養成試験を行つ
た。その結果を表−１に示す。同表からアルテミ
アの生残率に関して、実施例１のＢ、即ちスプレ
ードライ品を高圧ホモジナイザーで処理したもの
と、ほぼ同等の優れた成績を示すことがわかつ
た。 (a) Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to a feed for Artemia that can efficiently cultivate Artemia used for seedling production of fish and shellfish. (b) Conventional technology Cultivation and fishing technology in Japan has developed rapidly in recent years, and a considerable portion of edible fish has come to be supported by aquaculture. In particular, the development of various artificial and biological feeds for fish has made it possible to dramatically increase the speed of seedling production. Currently, young fish immediately after hatching from eggs,
Biological feeds such as Shimizu rotifers, Artemia, and Daphnia are administered sequentially according to the body length of the fish, but no biological feed of an appropriate size to be given after Artemia (nauplii) has been found, and natural seawater It uses plankton collected from However, natural plankton collection is easily influenced by the season and climate, and it is difficult to secure a stable supply, so attempts are being made to cultivate Artemia and create larger Artemia (2 to 4 mm in length) than before. However, although wheat flour, soybean flour, baker's yeast, rice bran, and feeds containing these ingredients have been made and used as feed for Artemia cultivation, all of them have extremely high mortality rates for Artemia during the cultivation process. Ta. (c) Problems to be Solved by the Invention An object of the present invention is to provide a feed for Artemia in which the mortality rate of Artemia during the cultivation process is low. (d) Means to Solve the Problems As a result of intensive research, the present inventors have found that feed obtained by subjecting unicellular algae (excluding marine chlorella) to various cell wall destruction treatments achieves the above objectives. I discovered something. That is, the present invention produces Artemia, which is produced by destroying the cell walls of unicellular algae (excluding marine chlorella) by spray drying, hydrating them, and then forcibly dispersing the cells into one or several clusters using a high-pressure homogenizer or Polytron homogenizer. This relates to feed for commercial use. Artemia in the present invention means Artemia
A marine zooplankton represented by salina,
Generally refers to materials used as live feed for aquaculture. The unicellular algae that can be used in the present invention include freshwater and marine unicellular algae excluding marine chlorella, and mainly freshwater chlorella, Euglena, diatoms, tetraselmis, blue-green algae, and the like can be used. The freshwater chlorella mentioned here is usually
Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella ellipsoidea,
Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlorella parasitica,
Chlorella conglomerata，Chlorella variegata，
Chlorella autotrophica, Chlorella mutabilis,
Refers to those classified as Chlorella nocturna, Chlorella photophila, etc. What is Tetraselmis?
Refers to those classified as Tetraselmis tetraselea. Diatoms refer to those classified as Rhabdonema arcuatum. What is Euglena?
Refers to species classified as Euglena gracilis. Spray drying is performed on wet cells of single-celled algae (excluding marine chlorella) that have been washed several times after cultivation. Spray drying is carried out using a wet cell solution whose solid content concentration is adjusted to 2 to 10%, preferably 3 to 5%, at a blowing temperature of 140 to 160°C and an exhaust temperature of about 100 to 130°C. In addition, if necessary, unicellular algae (excluding marine chlorella) whose cell walls have been destroyed are added with water, and then phospholipids such as soybean lecithin, cholesterol, sterols such as phytosterols, glycolipids or dicetyl phosphate are added at 1 to 50%, preferably. A more stabilized dispersion can be obtained by adding about 3 to 10% of the amount and uniformly dispersing it. After destroying the cell wall by spray drying,
Perform the following processing. That is, such dried single-celled algae is dispersed in water so that the solid content concentration is about 5 to 15%, and the dried product is dispersed in water using a high-pressure homogenizer (discharge pressure of 300 to 500%).
Kg/cm ² ) or a Polytron homogenizer. Before the treatment, the cells were clustered into hundreds of cells, but with this treatment, they are forcibly dispersed into one or a few cell clusters, making it easier for Artemia to eat. The feed obtained according to the present invention may be used alone or in combination with conventional feed. (e) Examples Example 1 Artemia durable eggs (dried product) in natural seawater.
Hatched for 24 hours. Artemia larvae were collected immediately after hatching, and a breeding test was conducted using the following feed. Cells were collected from a culture of freshwater chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) by centrifugation, washed three times, and then subjected to the following treatment A or B. That is, A:
Dry and destroy cell walls by spray drying. B: The spray-dried product obtained in A was mixed with about 15 times the amount of water, and the mixture was treated with a high-pressure homogenizer (500 kg/cm ² ) to redisperse. In addition, fresh yeast, soybean flour, and rice bran (all with different particle sizes) were used as controls for simultaneous comparison.
50 to 200μ) were used. The body length of Artemia immediately after hatching is approximately 500μ.
Cultivation was started with approximately 30 individuals/ml. The amount of feed administered was determined in advance to ensure a sufficient amount (that is, it was administered every 24 hours, and some residual feed was observed when administered the next day). The amount of freshwater chlorella of the present invention with a destroyed cell wall is about 2 ml/day in a solution with a concentration of 1.5×10 ¹⁰ cells/ml. In addition, 3ml of fresh yeast is a 5% solution.
day, soybean flour and rice bran are 5% solids solution with 0.4
ml//day. The results of Artemia curing as described above are shown in Figure 1. Example 2 Using Artemia larvae hatched in the same manner as in Example 1, a breeding test was conducted using the following feed. For 100 parts of the spray-dried product obtained in Example 1, live Tetraselmis cells were collected by centrifugation from the Tetraselmis culture solution and washed three times.
Soy lecithin (5 parts) and cholesterol (5 parts)
Part) was dissolved in 20 parts of hexane:ethanol = 2:1, mixed, the solvent removed, redispersed in 1,500 parts of water, and treated with a high-pressure homogenizer. The feed dosage was 1.5×10 ¹⁰ Cells/ml in both cases.
A solution with a concentration of 2 ml//day. The results of the training are shown in Figure 2. Example 3 The spray-dried product obtained in Example 1 A was mixed with about 15 times the amount of water, kept at a rotation speed of about 5000 rpm or more while cooling, and treated with a Polytron homogenizer for 10 minutes to redisperse it. A cultivation test for Artemia larvae was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 using this product as feed. The results are shown in Table-1. From the same table, it was found that the survival rate of Artemia showed almost the same excellent results as B of Example 1, that is, the spray-dried product treated with a high-pressure homogenizer.

【表】 (f) 発明の効果本発明の飼料によれば、アルテミアの生残率が
高く、従来の市販飼料にあつては、７日目に50％
以下であつたものが、約70％か、それ以上とな
る。[Table] (f) Effects of the invention According to the feed of the present invention, the survival rate of Artemia is high, and in the case of conventional commercial feeds, the survival rate of Artemia is 50% on the 7th day.
Approximately 70% or more will be below.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

図−１は実施例１におけるアルテミアの生残率
変化を示し、図−２は実施例２におけるアルテミ
アの生残率変化を示す。 FIG. 1 shows changes in the survival rate of Artemia in Example 1, and FIG. 2 shows changes in survival rate of Artemia in Example 2.

Claims

[Scope of Claims] 1 Cell walls of unicellular algae (excluding marine chlorella) are destroyed by spray drying, then hydrated, and then the cells are forcibly dispersed into one or several clusters using a high-pressure homogenizer or Polytron homogenizer. Feed for Artemia. 2 After destroying the cell walls of unicellular algae (excluding marine chlorella) by spray drying, phospholipids,
Feed for Artemia made by adding sterols, glycolipids, or dicetyl phosphate and uniformly dispersing them.